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Talk Python to Me: #479: Designing Effective Load Tests for Your Python App
SVG cursors: everything that you need to know about them
SVG cursor themes is a new feature in Plasma 6.2, which we are really excited about. In this blog post, I would like to provide more background behind what motivated us to add support for them, what they are, and how to build them.
(Classic) cursor theme formatA cursor theme is a collection of images defining the contents of various cursor shapes and additional metadata (for example, the human readable name of the theme, whether the cursor theme inherits/extends another cursor theme, etc). On disk, it looks as follows
The cursors/ directory contains a list of Xcursor files and symbolic links to represent cursor shape aliases, e.g. the arrow being an alias for default. The XCursor format has been in use for a very long time now and it has a pretty simple structure
The layout of an XCursor fileAn XCursor file consists of a header that includes a magic number to determine whether particular file is actually an XCursor file, the size of the header in bytes, the file version, and the number of ToC entries. Every ToC entry provides the information about the corresponding chunk, for example the chunk type and where the chunk can be found in the file. Lastly, a chunk contains some useful data. A chunk may contain image data or text data, etc.
For example, here’s the image data that can be found in the “default” cursor shape file in the Adwaita cursor theme
As you can see, the Adwaita cursor theme provides the following sizes: 24, 32, 48, 64, and 96.
The index.theme files looks as follows
[Icon Theme] Inherits=breeze_cursors Name=Cool Cursor Comment=That is a cool cursor themeCursor themes can be found in $DATADIR/icons directories. For example, /usr/share/icons or ~/.local/share/icons.
X11 vs Wayland cursorsXcursor cursors are used both on X11 and Wayland, but the way how the cursor size is interpreted is different on the two platforms. X11 assumes that the cursor size is specified in the device pixels, while Wayland assumes that it’s in the logical pixels. Logical pixels have the same visual size across various devices, while physical pixels are specific to particular device. For example, 24 logical pixels on an output with a scale factor of 2 corresponds to 48 physical pixels.
Cursor sizes in Xcursor files are specified in the device pixels.
Another very important detail is that the XCURSOR_SIZE environment variable is treated differently by X11 and Wayland native applications. For example, if XCURSOR_SIZE is set to 24 and the output scale is 2, an X11 application would load a cursor with the size 24, but a Wayland application would effectively load a cursor with the size 48 (24 * 2) because it would see that the output is scaled so the provided cursor needs to be scaled accordingly as well.
“XCURSOR_SIZE=24 dolphin -platform xcb” (left) vs “XCURSOR_SIZE=24 dolphin -platform wayland” (right). Note that “Apply scaling themselves” has been selected in the display settings in Plasma Wayland Limitations of XcursorThe most painful thing about Xcursor is its lack of the proper HiDPI support. As it was said in the previous chapter, the cursor size in Xcursor files is specified in the device pixels. On X, it’s not a problem because all geometries are specified in the device pixels. It also means that if you change the scaling factor on X, you need to change the cursor size manually so the cursor is not too small. On Wayland, the cursor size is specified in the logical pixels so the compositor and the clients have to scale the cursor size in order to match the output scale. For example, if the configured cursor size is 24 and the window is on an output with a scale factor of 2, the application needs to load an Xcursor cursor with the size 48. If the cursor theme provides cursors with such a size, perfect! But what if it doesn’t? At the moment, every compositor and client applies its own policies. Some find the cursor with the closest size and use that, some find the cursor with the closest size and then scale it to match the requested size at the cost of adding some blurriness, and so on. It’s a mess. Because neither compositors nor clients can agree how to handle such a case, you could easily observe the cursor changing its size when moving between windows owned by different applications or when moving the cursor between the window and its decoration, e.g.
A script element has been removed to ensure Planet works properly. Please find it in the original post.It’s worth noting though that this issue can be worked around by using the cursor-shape protocol because with it, the application can delegate the compositor the task of loading and displaying cursors. But the bottom line is that the Xcursor format is unsuitable for the HiDPI model that we have present on Wayland.
Another issue with the Xcursor format is that the image data is stored in an uncompressed format. It is okay if you need to provide cursors with small sizes, for example up to 72, but there are cases when you need to display a cursor at a very large size. For example, one such a case is the shake cursor accessibility feature in the Plasma Wayland session.
With the shake cursor feature enabled, the cursor will be inflated when it’s shaken. In order to operate, it needs to load the default cursor shape with a size around 250. If cursor themes provided images for such sizes, their package sizes would easily blow up beyond the 100MiB mark. That’s not good. And as a workaround, in Plasma 6.1, the shake cursor uses its own high resolution images of the Breeze cursor themes.
A script element has been removed to ensure Planet works properly. Please find it in the original post. Shake cursor without any workarounds in 6.1 A script element has been removed to ensure Planet works properly. Please find it in the original post. Shake cursor with workarounds in 6.1The XCursor format was perfectly suitable for the use cases that existed back in the late 90s and early 2000s, but things have changed over the years and its current raster nature can’t keep up with the use cases that we have now (2024). We’ve got fractional scaling, we’ve got accent colors, we’ve got features that enlarge the cursor, and so on.
SVG cursor formatFirst of all, let’s build a list of requirements that the svg cursor format must satisfy:
- obviously, it must support the ability to define cursor contents using svg files so we can fix HiDPI issues, etc
- easy porting process for existing clients and compositors
- it should be easy to develop and analyze svg cursor themes. Xcursor is a binary file format, which requires a special tool to create Xcursor files, we would like to avoid that with svg cursors
- last and the most important requirement is that there must be some compatibility with the existing cursor theme format. We must not be required to write a new system settings module to handle the new cursor format, and the apps that don’t support svg cursors should easily fallback to the Xcursor format.
Here’s how a cursor theme providing svg cursors would look like
index.theme has the same format both for XCursor and SVG cursors. cursors/ directory contains the XCursor cursors, and cursors_scalable/ contains the SVG cursors.
In cursors_scalable/, every cursor shape must have its own directory, or if it’s an alias, then it must be a symlink. Every cursor shape directory must contain the cursor image and a metadata.json file providing the information about the cursor.
For a static cursor, the metadata.json file looks as follows
[ { "filename": "default.svg", "hotspot_x": 4, "hotspot_y": 4, "nominal_size": 24 } ]The filename property specifies the filename of the svg file. The hotspot_x and the hotspot_y properties specify the coordinates of the hot spot. The hot spot in the cursor determines the point where interaction with other elements on the screen occurs, e.g. clicks. The nominal_size property specifies the cursor size that the svg file represents. The nominal size is used to decide how much the svg image and the hotspot coordinates need to be scaled in order to get a cursor with the requested size. Note that the nominal size can’t be determined based on the <svg>‘s width and height attributes because there exist themes such as Breeze whose canvas is bigger than the represented cursor size. As an example, in the Breeze cursor theme, the canvas size is 32x32 even though the represented cursor size is 24 in order to accommodate for additional elements that can be attached to the arrow cursor, e.g. a little circle with a plus sign or a question mark.
For an animated cursor, the metadata.json file looks as follows
[ { "filename": "wait-01.svg", "delay": 30, "hotspot_x": 16, "hotspot_y": 15, "nominal_size": 24 }, { "filename": "wait-02.svg", "delay": 30, "hotspot_x": 16, "hotspot_y": 15, "nominal_size": 24 }, ... { "filename": "wait-42.svg", "delay": 30, "hotspot_x": 16, "hotspot_y": 15, "nominal_size": 24 } ]The only new thing is the delay property. The delay property indicates the animation delay to the next frame.
A cursor theme that ships SVG cursors is required to have XCursor cursors too. This is needed to provide fallback for legacy applications that are unaware of the cursor-shape-v1 protocol or simply too old applications that are unlikely to be changed anymore. This restriction might be lifted in the future.
It is worth mentioning that SVG supports animations natively. However, that approach was not chosen for cursor animations for two reasons: to allow caching svg render results more easily and require fewer changes in the compositors and the apps to adapt the svg cursor format.
You can find the json schema for metadata.json over here.
Accent colorsSince the cursor contents is specified using the SVG format, it should be possible to re-color the cursor based on the currently configured accent color. As of now, it is not implemented, but, in general, this is doable and perhaps such a feature will be added to Plasma some day.
StandardizationThis cursor format is not officially standardized. We are looking forward to making it upstream, but for now, the main focus is on confirming that the new format lives up to our and cursor creator needs.
To cursor theme creatorsBreeze and Breeze Light are the only two cursor themes that support SVG cursors at the moment, but we would love to see custom themes adapting them too so users experience fewer issues with fractional scaling or other features in Plasma when using their favorite 3rdparty cursor themes. We would also like to hear feedback from the cursor theme creators regarding whether it’s easy to adapt this cursor format or whether some additional features are needed. You can reach out to us at Matrix in the #kwin room https://webchat.kde.org/#/room/#kwin:kde.org or in the kwin mailing list.
ExamplesIf you need an example of a cursor theme that supports SVG cursors, please check the Breeze cursor theme.
Closing wordsThe new SVG cursor format is amazing. Please try it!
Hugo van Kemenade: Python Core Developer Sprint 2024
đđThe week before last was the annual Python Core Dev Sprint, graciously hosted by Meta in Bellevue, WA!
The idea: bring a bunch of Python core team members, triagers, and special guests to the same room for a week. It's hugely beneficial and productive, we held many in-depth discussions that just don't happen when we're all remote and async, and got to work on many different things together.
The sprint room
During the week, I reviewed 39 PRs, created 15, merged 10, updated 4, and closed 2 issues.
Monday highlightsAs release manager for Python 3.14, I discussed with Brett Cannon one of his project ideas which will come after lock files, and after the next big one.
Also as RM, discussed with Russell Keith-Magee, Ned Deily, Ćukasz Langa and Thomas Wouters about including official binaries for iOS and Android, which wandered into ideas about security releases.
I did some maintenance of our PyPI projects, adding PEP 740 attestations, support for the new Python 3.13 and dropping support for the very-nearly-EOL 3.8.
Tuesday highlightsStarted investigating slow doctest on 3.13+ with Alex Waygood, who on Wednesday narrowed it down to a problem with the new incremental garbage collector, which would go on to be reverted by Friday and result in Python 3.13's Monday release to be postponed and replaced with an extra release candidate. Not ideal, but much better to discover these things before the big release.
We had a Q&A session with the Steering Council: Barry Warsaw, Emily Morehouse, Gregory P. Smith, Pablo Galindo Salgado and Thomas.
The Python Steering Council
Proofread Guido van Rossum's STAR voting proposal for electing future steering councils.
Discussed with Eric Snow his novel method for displaying many code samples in a table, using <details> disclosures to prevent the table being too wide. Looks like a good solution!
Wednesday highlightsI applied the finishing touches to PEP 2026 (Calendar versioning for Python) and Barry gave it a final review. Ready for submission!
Seth Larson, the PSF Security Developer-in-Residence, wasn't at the sprint but we discussed our plan to stop providing GPG signatures for CPython and rely on SigStore instead. Expect a PEP soon!
Also not at the sprint, I recommended PSF Infrastructure Engineer Jacob Coffee as a CPython triager. Welcome aboard!
The whole room discussed including static type annotations in CPython.
We had a Q&A session with two of the three Developers-in-Residence, Ćukasz and Petr Viktorin.
Q&A with Ćukasz and Petr
Discussed expanding the voter pool for Steering Council elections with Mariatta, Greg and Thomas.
Larry Hastings handed out, in return for oohs and aahs, some nice P.C.D.S. 2024 stickers he generously designed and printed up for us. Thanks!
PCDS 2024 stickers by Larry Thursday highlights
On the 26th September, at 10:26 Bellevue time (20:26 Helsinki time), I submitted PEP 2026 to the Steering Council!đ€
Brett discussed whether we should update PEP 387 to prefer 5 year deprecations instead of 2 years.
Brandt Bucher gave us all an update on the progress of the Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler ("we went from 0% slower to 0% faster!") and we discussed plans for Python 3.14.
Because I couldn't attend Thursday's Helsinki Python meetup due to being at another kind of Python meetup on the other side of the world, I gave the famous HelPy quiz to the assembled core devs. Unsurprisingly they did pretty well, but the most incorrect answer was a pleasant surprise: we've had ~400 not ~80 new contributors to Python 3.13!
Pablo performed card tricks!
Magic from Pablo
Meta took us out for a delicious dinner at a local fish restaurant. Thank you!
Friday highlightsMariatta presented ideas to Jelle Zijlstra, Petr, Russell and me about to use modern tools to create a modern, interactive tutorial.
Also during the week, continued work with Adam Turner on improving the docs.python.org build. Adam wasn't at the sprint, so tag-teamed PR reviews overnight. After much work straddling many teams, projects and repos, we've got the full HTML build loop for 13 languages Ă 3 versions down from over 40 hours to just under 9 hours, with more improvements coming.
Made a demo of the CPython docs using the PyData Sphinx Theme.
Along with around 25 others, I was on Ćukasz and Pablo's core.py podcast.
Ćukasz and Pablo in their ad-hoc podcast studio in a Meta meeting room
Itamar gave us cake for the podcast's first birthday!
cake.py. Photo by Itamar Oren. Thank you
It was a hugely productive week, big thanks to Itamar Oren and Meta for organising and hosting!
See also Mariatta's excellent blog posts, and I recommend the core.py podcast with short interviews with some 25 attendees! Ćukasz and Pablo were also guests on the Changelog podcast during the sprint.
Header photo by Itamar Oren
Julien Tayon: Simpler than PySimpleGUI and python tkinter: talking directly to tcl/tk
Even though FreeSimpleGUI is a good approach to simpler tk/tcl binding in python : we can do better, especially if your linux distro split the python package and you don't have access to tkinter. I am watching you debian, splitting ALL packages and breaking them including ... tcl from tk (what a crime).
Under debian this stunt requires you to install tk : apt install tk8.6
How hard is it when tcl/tk is installed to do GUI programming in tk without tkinter?
Well, it's fairly easy, first and foremost coders are coders, they code in whatever language. If you do code in one language you can't do docker, simple sysadmin tasks (shell), compile C extensions (make syntax) or web applications (HTML + javascript). Hence, learning more than one language is part of doing python applications.
How hard is coding in tcl/tk natively?
Fairly easy: its difficulty is a little above lua, and way below perl thanks to the absence of references.
What value tcl have ?
It's still used in domain specific field such as VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration of electronic component).
So here is the plan : we are gonna do an application that do the math in python which is perfect for expressing complex math in more readable way than tcl and push all the GUI to the tk interpreter (albeit wish).
We are gonna make a simple wall clock ... and all tcl commands are injected to tcl through the puts function.
#!/usr/bin/env python from subprocess import Popen, PIPE from time import sleep, time, localtime # let's talk to tk/tcl directly through p.stdin p = Popen(['wish'], stdin=PIPE) def puts(s): for l in s.split("\n"): p.stdin.write((l + "\n").encode()) p.stdin.flush() WIDTH=HEIGHT=400 puts(f""" canvas .c -width {WIDTH} -height {HEIGHT} -bg white pack .c . configure -background "white" """) # Constant are CAPitalized in python by convention from cmath import pi as PI, e as E ORIG=complex(WIDTH/2, HEIGHT/2) # correcting python notations j => I I = complex("j") rad_per_sec = 2.0 * PI /60.0 rad_per_min = rad_per_sec / 60 rad_per_hour = rad_per_min / 12 origin_vector_hand = WIDTH/2 * I size_of_sec_hand = .9 size_of_min_hand = .8 size_of_hour_hand = .65 rot_sec = lambda sec : -E ** (I * sec * rad_per_sec ) rot_min = lambda min : -E ** (I * min * rad_per_min ) rot_hour = lambda hour : -E ** (I * hour * rad_per_hour ) to_real = lambda c1,c2 : "%f %f %f %f" % (c1.real,c1.imag,c2.real, c2.imag) for n in range(60): direction= origin_vector_hand * rot_sec(n) start=.9 if n%5 else .85 puts(f".c create line {to_real(ORIG+start*direction,ORIG+.95*direction)}") sleep(.1) diff_offset_in_sec = (time() % (24*3600)) - \ localtime()[3]*3600 -localtime()[4] * 60.0 \ - localtime()[5] while True: t = time() s= t%60 m = m_in_sec = t%(60 * 60) h = h_in_sec = (t- diff_offset_in_sec)%(24*60*60) puts(".c delete second") puts(".c delete minute") puts(".c delete hour") c0=ORIG+ -.1 * origin_vector_hand * rot_sec(s) c1=ORIG+ size_of_sec_hand * origin_vector_hand * rot_sec(s) puts( f".c create line {to_real(c0,c1)} -tag second -fill blue -smooth true") c1=ORIG+size_of_min_hand * origin_vector_hand * rot_min(m) puts(f".c create line {to_real(ORIG, c1)} -tag minute -fill green -smooth true") c1=ORIG+size_of_hour_hand * origin_vector_hand * rot_hour(h) puts(f".c create line {to_real(ORIG,c1)} -tag hour -fill red -smooth true") sleep(.1) Next time as a bonus, I'm gonna do something tkinter cannot do: bidirectional communications (REP/REQ pattern).
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Mariatta: Python Core Sprint 2024: Day 5
I reviewed some issues that came to the CPython repo. There were a few interesting tickets related to the datetime module. These issues were discovered by Hypothesis, a property-based testing tool for Python. I’ve been hearing a lot about Hypothesis, but never really used it in production or at work. I watched a talk about it at PyCon US many years ago, and I even had ice cream selfie with Zac who maintains Hypothesis. Anyway, I’ve just been interested in learning more about Hypothesis and how it could solve issues not caught by other testing methods, and I think this is one of the perks of contributing to open source: getting exposed to things you don’t normally use at work, and I think it’s a great way to learn new things.
Julien Tayon: PySimpleGUI : surviving the rug pull of licence part I
The main advantage was about not having to remember in wich order to make the pack and having to do the mainloop call. It was not a revolution, just a simple, elegant evolution, hence I was still feeling in control.
However, the projet made a jerk move by relicensing in full proprietary license that requires a key to work functionnaly.
I will not discuss this since the point have been made clearly on python mailing list.
Luckily I want to raise 2 points :
- we have been numerous coders to fork the project for doing pull requests
- it higlights once more the danger of too much dependencies
If you have a working copy of the repository
Well, you can still install a past version of pysimpleGUI, but unless you can do pip install git+https://github.com/jul/PySimpleGUI#egg=pysimpleGUI
Pro: if that version suited you, your old code will work
Con: there will be no update for the bugs and it is pretty much a no-go.
Expect free alternative
One of the power of free software is the power to fork, and some coders already forked in a « free forever » version of pysimpleGUI.
One of this fork is : Free Simple GUI.
Pro: migration is as simple as : pip install FreeSimpleGUI and then in the source : - import PySimpleGUI as sg + import FreeSimpleGUI as sg
Con: a project is as useful as the capacity of the community to keep up with the job of solving issues and the strength of the community to follow up.
Migrating to tkinter
This will be covered in the week to come by translating some examples to real life migration by myself.
Since tkinter has improved a lot and his a pillar of python distribution when it is not broken by debian, it is fairly easy.
Pro: diminises the need for a dependency and empower you with the poweful concept of tk such as variables binded to a widget (an observer pattern).
Con: PySimpleGUI is a multi-target adaptor to not only tkinter but also remi (web), wx, Qt. If you were using the versatility of pysimpleGUI and its multi-platform features you really need to look at the « free forever » alternatives.
This week in Plasma: 6.2 is nigh
Plasma 6.2 will be released in just three days! In the end we did revert the notification changes I mentioned last week, so users of Plasma 6.2 won’t experience any new issues with notifications. The list of verified 6.2 regressions is extremely small, with most being low importance. We will of course eventually get them fixed anyway! But they aren’t release blockers.
Notable New FeaturesDistros can now customize the set of apps shown on Discover’s homepage in the “Editor’s Choice” section (Jarred Wilson, Plasma 6.3.0. Link)
Notable UI ImprovementsWe’ve returned to the older style of default audio device naming from Plasma 6.1, plus a few extra heuristics to hopefully make it even better when using PipeWire. And don’t worry, the new feature to rename devices remains present (Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Discover now only shows the total size of available updates once it’s finished checking for them, so the number is always accurate and doesn’t bounce around (Soumyadeep Ghosh, Plasma 6.3.0. Link)
Notable Bug FixesFixed the most common Plasma crash on X11, which was often encountered when waking up a sleeping monitor (Marco Martin, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Fixed a common case where KWin could crash when using Overview to search for stuff (Vlad Zahorodnii, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Fixed two a somewhat common seemingly random Plasma crashes (Fushan Wen, Plasma 6.2.0. Link 1 and link 2)
Fixed an issue that could, under certain circumstances, cause KWin to freeze when connecting or disconnecting an external monitor to a laptop (Xaver Hugl, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Fixed a bug that could cause System Monitor sensors configured with certain combinations of faces and sensors to become permanently invisible! (Arjen Hiemstra, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Improved the robustness of Plasma’s startup code, so that it doesn’t fail to launch when the kactivitymanagerd daemon is slow (David Edmundson, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Fixed an issue that could cause animations to get stuck on certain screens with the Adaptive Sync feature turned on (Xaver Hugl, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Removed the animations from Plasma’s Pager widget because they were too subtle to notice most of the time, and triggered a Qt bug that wrecks laptop battery life with auto-hidden panels. The Qt bug is under investigation, but at least now you should hit it less often (Vlad Zahorodnii, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Fixed one of the bugs that could cause icon positions on the desktop to get reset after monitors turned off and back on again. This may also fix a very common similar bug where positions get reset when the resolution changes; that’s still being verified. And of course there may be other bugs with positioning as well, but this was one of them and it’s fixed now! Others are under Investigation (Akseli Lahtinen, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Fixed KWin’s “Toggle Raise and Lower” functionality so that it does in fact lower the window again (Jarek Janik, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Fixed a regression that caused the title of any components using Kirigami.OverlaySheet to be vertically mis-positioned (Fushan Wen, Frameworks 6.7. Link)
Changing regional settings for your user is now more reliable in the case where your distro or its installer set the value of all of the LC_* properties at a systemwide level â as apparently happens on Ubuntu (Han Young, Plasma 6.2.0. Link)
Made sure that pointer acceleration in XWayland games with screen scaling is the same as in native Wayland apps (Xaver Hugl, Plasma 6.2.1. Link)
Other bug information of note:
- 2 Very high priority Plasma bug (up from 1 last week). Current list of bugs
- 30 15-minute Plasma bugs (down from 33 last week). Current list of bugs
- 137 KDE bugs of all kinds fixed over the last week. Full list of bugs
You know what? Have a rest. It’s not feasible to work all the time; breaks are important too. Everyone’s been working so hard on Plasma 6.2, and I think the results are going to be great. Make sure not to neglect your mental health! Rest when you need it. Were all humans with physical bodies.
Otherwise, visit https://community.kde.org/Get_Involved to discover additional ways to be part of a project that really matters. Each contributor makes a huge difference in KDE; you are not a number or a cog in a machine! You donât have to already be a programmer, either. I wasnât when I got started. Try it, youâll like it! We donât bite! Or consider donating instead! That helps too.
Jonathan Dowland: synths
Although I've never written about them, I've been interested in music synthesisers for ages. My colleagues know this. Whilst I've been off sick, they had a whip-round and bought me a voucher for Andertons, a UK-based music store, to cheer me up.
I'm absolutely floored by this generosity. And so, I'm now on a quest to buy a synthesizer! Although, not my first one.
Alesis Micron on my desk, taunting me
I bought my first synth, an Alesis Micron, from a colleague at $oldjob, 16 years ago. For various reasons, I've struggled to engage with it, and it's mostly been gathering dust on my desk in all that time. (I might write more about the Micron in a later blog post). "Bad Gear" sums it up better than I could:
So, I'm not truly buying my "first" synth, but for all intents and purposes I'm on a similar journey to if I was, and I thought it might be fun to write about it.
GoalsI want something which has as many of its parameters presented physically, as knobs or sliders etc., as possible. One reason I've failed to engage with the Micron (so far) is it's at the other end of this spectrum, with hundreds of tunable parameters but a small handful of knobs. To change parameters you have to go diving into menus presented on a really old-fashioned, small LCD display. If you know what you are looking for, you can probably find it; but if you just want to experiment and play around, it's off-putting.
Secondly, I want something I can use away from a computer, as much as possible. Computers are my day-job, largely dominate my existing hobbies, and are unavoidable even in some of the others (like 3d printing). Most of the computers I interact with run Linux. And for all its strengths, audio management is not one of them. If I'm going to carve out some of my extremely limited leisure time to explore this stuff, I don't to spend any of it (at least now) fighting Pulseaudio/ALSA/Pipewire/JACK/OSS/whatever, or any of the other foibles that might crop up1.
Thirdly, I'd like something which, in its soul, is an instrument. You can get some amazing little synth boxes with a huge number of features in them. Something with a limited number of features but which really feels well put together would suit me better.
So⊠next time, I'll write about the 2-3 top candidates on my list. Can you guess what they might be?
- To give another example. The other day I sat down to try and use the Micron, which had its audio out wired into an external audio interface, in turn plugged into my laptop's Thunderbolt dock. For a while I couldn't figure out why I couldn't hear anything, until I realised the Thunderbolt dock was having "a moment" and not presenting its USB devices to the laptop. Hobby time window gone!â©
FSF Blogs: The FSF is turning 39! Join us in celebrating almost 40 years of fighting for software freedom
The FSF is turning 39! Join us in celebrating almost 40 years of fighting for software freedom
Python Engineering at Microsoft: Python in Visual Studio Code â October 2024 Release
We’re excited to announce the October 2024 release of the Python and Jupyter extensions for Visual Studio Code!
This release includes the following announcements:
- Run Python tests with coverage
- Default Python problem matcher
- Python language server mode
If you’re interested, you can check the full list of improvements in our changelogs for the Python, Jupyter and Pylance extensions.
Run Python tests with coverageYou can now run Python tests with coverage in VS Code! Test coverage is a measure of how much of your code is covered by your tests, which can help you identify areas of your code that are not being fully tested.
To run tests with coverage enabled, select the coverage run icon in the Test Explorer or the âRun with coverageâ option from any menu you normally trigger test runs from. The Python extension will run coverage using the pytest-cov plugin if you are using pytest, or with coverage.py for unittest.
Note: Before running tests with coverage, make sure to install the correct testing coverage package for your project.
Once the coverage run is complete, lines will be highlighted in the editor for line level coverage. Test coverage results will appear as a “Test Coverage” sub-tab in the Test Explorer, which you can also navigate to with Testing: Focus on Test Coverage View in Command Palette (F1)). On this panel you can view line coverage metrics for each file and folder in your workspace.
For more information on running Python tests with coverage, see our Python test coverage documentation. For general information on test coverage, see VS Code’s Test Coverage documentation.
Default Python problem matcherWe are excited to announce support for one of our longest request features: there is now a default Python problem matcher! Aiming to simplifying issue tracking in your Python code and offering more contextual feedback, a problem matcher scans the task’s output for errors and warnings and displays them in the Problems panel, enhancing your development workflow. To integrate it, add "problemMatcher": "$python" to your tasks in task.json.
Below is an example of a task.json file that uses the default problem matcher for Python:
{ "version": "2.0.0", "tasks": [ { "label": "Run Python", "type": "shell", "command": "${command:python.interpreterPath}", "args": [ "${file}" ], "problemMatcher": "$python" } ] }For more information on tasks and problem matchers, visit VS Code’s Tasks documentation.
Pylance language server modeThere’s a new setting python.analysis.languageServerMode that enables you to choose between our current IntelliSense experience or a lightweight one that is optimized for performance. If you don’t require the full breadth of IntelliSense capabilities and prefer Pylance to be as resource-friendly as possible, you can set python.analysis.languageServerMode to light. Otherwise, to continue with the experience you have with Pylance today, you can leave out the setting entirely or explicitly set it to default .
This new functionality overrides the default values of the following settings:
Setting light mode default mode “python.analysis.exclude” [“**”] [] “python.analysis.useLibraryCodeForTypes” false true “python.analysis.enablePytestSupport” false true “python.analysis.indexing” false trueThe settings above can still be changed individually to override the default values.
Shell integration in Python terminal REPLThe Python extension now includes a python.terminal.shellIntegration.enabled setting to enable a better terminal experience on MacOS and Linux machines. When enabled, this setting runs a PYTHONSTARTUP script before you launch the Python REPL in the terminal (for example, by typing and entering python), allowing you to leverage terminal shell integrations such as command decorations, re-run command and run recent commands.
Other Changes and Enhancements
We have also added small enhancements and fixed issues requested by users that should improve your experience working with Python and Jupyter Notebooks in Visual Studio Code. Some notable changes include:
- Experimental Implement Abstract Classes with Copilot Code Action available for GitHub Copilot users using Pylance. Enable by adding "python.analysis.aiCodeActions": {"implementAbstractClasses": true} in your User settings.json
- Fixed duplicate Python executable code when sending code to the Terminal REPL by using executeCommand rather than sendText for the activation command in @vscode#23929
We would also like to extend special thanks to this monthâs contributors:
- @edgarrmondragon Add uv.lock to file associations in vscode-python#23991
- @vishrutss Remove redundant @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any suppression in vscode-python#24091
Try out these new improvements by downloading the Python extension and the Jupyter extension from the Marketplace, or install them directly from the extensions view in Visual Studio Code (Ctrl + Shift + X or â + ⧠+ X). You can learn more about Python support in Visual Studio Code in the documentation. If you run into any problems or have suggestions, please file an issue on the Python VS Code GitHub page.
The post Python in Visual Studio Code – October 2024 Release appeared first on Python.
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Web Review, Week 2024-40
Let’s go for my web review for the week 2024-40.
W3C 30th anniversary clipTags: tech, web, history
Excellent clip for the W3C 30th anniversary. Shows the big milestones and evolution of the WWW.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TfUBuIZkmQ
Tags: tech, foss, map
An excellent service to provide. Let’s hope it stays sustainable, the risk is commercial leeches not giving back a dime. Be responsible, sponsor it if you use it commercially.
Tags: tech, freebsd, laptop
Unexpected but definitely welcome. Let’s wish them luck in this endeavor.
Tags: tech, copyright, public-domain, commons
Putting things in the public domain voluntarily is indeed more difficult than it should be. The best tool we got is CC0, but it still raises (probably unwarranted) concerns for software.
Tags: tech, patents
Always happy to see a patent troll bite the dust.
https://blog.cloudflare.com/patent-troll-sable-pays-up/
Tags: tech, mozilla, advertisement, surveillance
Mozilla is clearly loosing its way, this is sad to watch. I guess the forks which remove the online advertising measures will become more popular.
https://blog.mozilla.org/en/mozilla/improving-online-advertising/
Tags: tech, microsoft, ai, machine-learning, surveillance, privacy
They’re trying a come back… of course they added layers of security to pretend it’s all solved and shiny. They totally ignore the social implications or if something like this even needs to be done. At least one can remove it… for now…
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, gpt, cognition, neuroscience, philosophy, mathematics, logic, research
This is a short article summarizing a research paper at the surface level. It is clearly the last nail in the coffin for the generative AI grand marketing claims. Of course, I recommend reading the actual research paper (link at the end) but if you prefer this very short form, here it is. It’s clearly time to go back to the initial goals of the AI field: understanding cognition. The latest industrial trends tend to confuse too much the map with the territory.
https://www.ru.nl/en/research/research-news/dont-believe-the-hype-agi-is-far-from-inevitable
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, gpt, energy, ecology
If you run the number, we actually can’t afford this kind of generative AI arm race. It’s completely unsustainable both for training and during use…
https://wimvanderbauwhede.codeberg.page/articles/the-insatiable-hunger-of-openai/
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, fake, fake-news
Maybe extrapolating a bit more than it should. Still this leads to worrying uses of AI generated images.
https://machinesociety.ai/p/new-ai-trick-synthetic-human-memories
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, ethics
Good article about the ethical implications of using AI in systems. I like the distinction about assistive vs automated. It’s not perfect as it underestimates the “asleep at the steering wheel” effects, but this is a good starting point.
https://jacobian.org/2024/oct/1/ethical-public-sector-ai/
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, copilot, productivity
Unsurprisingly the productivity gains announced for coding assistants have been greatly exaggerated. There might be cases of strong gains but it’s still unclear in which niches this is going to happen.
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, copilot, marketing, criticism
Or why we shouldn’t trust marketing survey… they definitely confuse perception and actual results. Worse they do it on purpose.
https://ideatrash.net/2024/09/lies-damn-lies-and-surveys-about-ai.html
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, copilot, productivity
How shocking! This was all hype? Not surprised since we’ve seen the referenced papers before, but put all together it makes things really clear.
https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/sorry-genai-is-not-going-to-10x-computer
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, gpt, business
The arm race is still on-going at a furious pace. Still wondering how messy it will be when this bubble bursts.
https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/3/24261160/elon-musk-xai-recruiting-party-openai-dev-day-sam-altman
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, gpt, marketing, criticism
I definitely agree with this. I’m sick of the grand claims around what is essentially a parlor trick. Could we tone down the marketing enough so that we can properly think about making useful products again?
https://www.ontestautomation.com/i-am-tired-of-ai/
Tags: tech, ai, machine-learning, gpt, research
OK, this paper picked my curiosity. The limitations of the experiments makes me wonder if some threshold effects aren’t ignored. Still this is a good indication that the question is worth pursuing further.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01201
Tags: tech, social-media, scam, ai, machine-learning
Doxxing will get easier and easier. Con men are likely paying attention.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iWCqmaOUKhKjcKSktIwC3NNANoFP7vPsRvcbOIup_BA/mobilebasic
Tags: tech, automotive, security
More details about the KIA security issue. Clearly securing the embedded systems is not worth much if it is then all exposed via unsafe web services.
https://samcurry.net/hacking-kia
Tags: tech, linux, security
This one is definitely a bad one. Looks like CUPS is a weak part of the ecosystem, especially when coupled with zeroconf. I wouldn’t be surprised to see macOS being affected too.
https://www.evilsocket.net/2024/09/26/Attacking-UNIX-systems-via-CUPS-Part-I/
Tags: tests, crdt, collaborative
This could be a game changer to collaborative editing. Clearly a good competitor to CRDTs, should make it easier to build such features without a central server.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.14252
Tags: tech, distributed, reliability
Interesting point. You likely need to be careful with fallback modes especially in distributed systems. They might bring even more issues when the system is already under stress.
https://a-nickels-worth.dev/posts/modesharm/
Tags: tech, c++, programming, safety, performance
If you still needed to be convinced you need to use std::array and std::span, here is the proof.
https://pvs-studio.com/en/blog/posts/cpp/1164/
Tags: tech, c++, rust, metaprogramming
Interesting comparison of the different choices made in Rust and the upcoming C++26 for code generation. It’s fascinating how they managed to have such facilities in Rust while having no introspection. C++ going the opposite direction will have a very different feel both in term of use or of implementation.
https://brevzin.github.io/c++/2024/09/30/annotations/
Tags: tech, multithreading, performance, system
Nice results. Interesting implementation too. I wonder if some of it will make its way to the glibc or musl.
Tags: tech, web, frontend, htmx
As it gets more adoption people are figuring out ways to use htmx properly and not abuse what should be niche features.
https://unplannedobsolescence.com/blog/less-htmx-is-more/
Tags: tech, web, frontend, html, htmx
Interesting proposals, let’s see how far they go. They could bring most of the benefits of htmx and similar straight in HTML.
https://alexanderpetros.com/triptych/
Tags: tech, foss, project-management
We keep saying they’re not the same. This article does a good job highlighting the differences and explaining why you need both.
https://harihareswara.net/posts/2024/changelogs-and-release-notes/
Tags: tech, product-management
Good idea on how product managers should behave to facilitate requirements handling. I wish more of them would do this.
https://kevinyien.com/blog/bs.html
Tags: tech, energy, ecology, economics
Interesting analysis… I wonder if and how Jevons paradox will get in the way though.
https://www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com/p/electrification-energy-efficiency
Bye for now!
Real Python: Quiz: Iterators and Iterables in Python: Run Efficient Iterations
In this quiz, you’ll test your understanding of Python’s Iterators and Iterables.
By working through this quiz, you’ll revisit how to create and work with iterators and iterables, understand the differences between them, and review how to use generator functions and the yield statement.
[ Improve Your Python With đ Python Tricks đ â Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. >> Click here to learn more and see examples ]
KDE e.V. and Kdenlive team are looking for contractors
KDE e.V., the non-profit organization supporting the KDE community, and the Kdenlive team are looking for proactive contractors to implement some features in the Kdenlive video editor. Two positions are currently open:
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OpenTimelineIO integration: this will require implementing a C++ module in Kdenlive to allow importing and exporting using this open standard, to allow exchanging project files with other applications. Please see the job ad for more details about this contracting opportunity.
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Audiowaveform integration: this will require rewriting the code used to generate and display the audio waveforms in Kdenlive using the audiowaveform library. This should bring faster and more precise waveforms in the timeline. Please see the job ad for more details about this contracting opportunity. We are looking forward to your application.
QCoro 0.11.0 Release Announcement
A long over-due release which has accumulated a bunch of bugfixes but also some fancy new featuresâŠread on!
As always, big thanks to everyone who reported issues and contributed to QCoro. Your help is much appreciated!
QCoro::LazyTask<T>The biggest new features in this release is the brand-new QCoro::LazyTask<T>. Itâs a new return type that you can use for your coroutines. It differs from QCoro::Task<T> in that, as the name suggest, the coroutine is evaluated lazily. What that means is when you call a coroutine that returns LazyTask, it will return imediately without executing the body of the coroutine. The body will be executed only once you co_await on the returned LazyTask object.
This is different from the behavior of QCoro::Task<T>, which is eager, meaning that it will start executing the body immediately when called (like a regular function call).
QCoro::LazyTask<int> myWorker() { qDebug() << "Starting worker"; co_return 42; } QCoro::Task<> mainCoroutine() { qDebug() << "Creating worker"; const auto task = myWorker(); qDebug() << "Awaiting on worker"; const auto result = co_await task; // do something with the result }This will result in the following output:
mainCoroutine(): Creating worker mainCoroutine(): Awaiting on worker myWorker(): Starting workerIf myWorker() were a QCoro::Task<T> as we know it, the output would look like this:
mainCoroutine(): Creating worker myWorker(): Starting worker mainCoroutine(): Awaiting on workerThe fact that the body of a QCoro::LazyTask<T> coroutine is only executed when co_awaited has one very important implication: it must not be used for Qt slots, Q_INVOKABLEs or, in general, for any coroutine that may be executed directly by the Qt event loop. The reason is, that the Qt event loop is not aware of coroutines (or QCoro), so it will never co_await on the returned QCoro::LazyTask object - which means that the code inside the coroutine would never get executed. This is the reason why the good old QCoro::Task<T> is an eager coroutine - to ensure the body of the coroutine gets executed even when called from the Qt event loop and not co_awaited.
For more details, see the documentation of QCoro::LazyTask<T>.
Defined Semantics for Awaiting Default-Constructed and Moved-From TasksThis is something that wasnât clearely defined until now (both in the docs and in the code), which is what happens when you try to co_await on a default-constructed QCoro::Task<T> (or QCoro::LazyTask<T>):
co_await QCoro::Task<>(); // will hang indefinitely!Previously this would trigger a Q_ASSERT in debug build and most likely a crash in production build. Starting with QCoro 0.11, awaiting such task will print a qWarning() and will hang indefinitely.
The same applies to awaiting a moved-from task, which is identical to a default-constructed task:
QCoro::LazyTask<int> task = myTask(); handleTask(std::move(task)); co_await task; // will hang indefinitely!` Compiler SupportWe have dropped official support for older compilers. Since QCoro 0.11, the officially supported compilers are:
- GCC >= 11
- Clang >= 15
- MSVC >= 19.40 (Visual Studio 17 2022)
- AppleClang >= 15 (Xcode 15.2)
QCoro might still compile or work with older versions of those compilers, but we no longer test it and do not guarantee that it will work correctly.
The reason is that coroutine implementation in older versions of GCC and clang were buggy and behaved differently than they do in newer versions, so making sure that QCoro behaves correctly across wide range of compilers was getting more difficult as we implemented more and more complex and advanced features.
Other Features and ChangesA coroutine-friendly version of QFuture::takeResult() is now available in the form of QCoroFuture::takeResult() when building QCoro against Qt 6 (#217).
QCoro::waitFor(QCoro::Task<T>) no longer requires that the task return type T is default-constructible (#223, Joey Richey)
Bugfixes- Suppress Clang error when building against Android NDK <= 25 (#204, Daniel VrĂĄtil)
- Fixed missing QtGui dependency in QCoroQuick module (#209, Andreas Sturmlechner)
- Fixed QCoroIODevice::write() always returning 0 instead of bytes written (#211, Daniel VrĂĄtil)
- Fixed unchecked std::optional access in QCoroIODevice::write
- Fixed awaiting on signal emission with qCoro() would resume the awaiter in the senderâs thread context (#213, Daniel VrĂĄtil)
- Fixed build wilth clang 18 due to missing #include <exception> (#220, Micah Terhaar)
- Fixed crash when QNetworkAccessManager is destroyed from a coroutine awaiting on a network reply (#231, Daniel VrĂĄtil)
If you enjoy using QCoro, consider supporting its development on GitHub Sponsors or buy me a coffee on Ko-fi (after all, more coffee means more code, right?).
Golems GABB: Drupal integrations with Popular Cloud Services: AWS vs MS Azure vs GCP
Welcome to the world of cloud integration, where popular cloud services such as AWS, Azure, and GCP are the keys to a Drupal site's success.
Imagine that you've finished your Drupal website. It turned out fantastic, but the basic options are not enough for you. So you can't wait to unleash its full potential. This is where cloud services come into play. They are your site's superhero assistants.
Today, our Drupal team plans to look at the benefits of these cloud services and how AWS, Azure, and GCP can take your Drupal website to a new performance, scalability, and security. Get ready to revolutionize your online presence and, of course, leave your competitors behind.
ImageX: Under the Barcelona Sun: A Recap of Our Teamâs Journey at DrupalCon Europe 2024
Authored by Nadiia Nykolaichuk.
Bits from Debian: Debian welcomes Freexian as our newest partner!
We are excited to announce and welcome Freexian into Debian Partners.
Freexian specializes in Free Software with a particular focus on Debian GNU/Linux. Freexian can assist with consulting, training, technical support, packaging, or software development on projects involving use or development of Free software.
All of Freexian's employees and partners are well-known contributors in the Free Software community, a choice that is integral to Freexian's business model.
About the Debian Partners ProgramThe Debian Partners Program was created to recognize companies and organizations that help and provide continuous support to the project with services, finances, equipment, vendor support, and a slew of other technical and non-technical services.
Partners provide critical assistance, help, and support which has advanced and continues to further our work in providing the 'Universal Operating System' to the world.
Thank you Freexian!
Pages
Recent Publications
- Managing Hidden Dependencies in OO Software: a Study Based on Open Source Projects
- Open Source Communities as Liminal Ecosystems
- Investigating developers' email discussions during decision-making in Python language evolution
- Developers, Quality Control and Download Volume in Open Source Software (OSS) Projects
More...FLOSS Project Planets
- mark.ie: My LocalGov Drupal contributions for week-ending November 22nd, 2024
- ImageX: Instantly Enhance Your Website with Drupal Recipes for Exciting Features
- FSF Events: Free Software Directory meeting on IRC: Friday, November 22, starting at 12:00 EST (17:00 UTC)
- Metadrop: Artisan Drupal SDC theme: What you need to know
- Django Weblog: 2024 Django Developers Survey
FLOSS Research
- Give Your Input on the State of Open Source Survey
- Open Data and Open Source AI: Charting a course to get more of both
- The Open Source Initiative and the Eclipse Foundation to Collaborate on Shaping Open Source AI (OSAI) Public Policy
- ClearlyDefined v2.0 adds support for LicenseRefs
- ClearlyDefined at SOSS Fusion 2024: a collaborative solution to Open Source license compliance