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This is part 1 of a series of articles that defines our approach to frontend performance optimization. In this part we get into the details of an effective cache policy.

I'm starting a SaaS project using Django, and there are tons of decisions right out of the gate.
To help me navigate these decisions, I've brought on Cory Zue.   
Cory is the creator of SaaS Pegasus, and has tons of experience with Django.

Some of the topics discussed:

• Building Django applications
• SaaS Pegasus
• placecard.me
• What boilerplate projects are
• Django cookiecutter
• Cookiecutter
• Which database to use, probably PostgreSQL
• Authentication choises, probably Allauth
• Docker, Docker for development, Docker for deployment
• Deployment targets / hosting services. Render, Heroku, Fly.io, for PaaS options.
• Front end frameworks. Bootstrap, Tailwind, DaisyUI, TailwindUI
• HTMX vs React vs straight Django templates
• Rockets
• Font Awesome
• and of course, SaaS Pegasus

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<p>I'm starting a SaaS project using Django, and there are tons of decisions right out of the gate. <br>To help me navigate these decisions, I've brought on Cory Zue.   <br>Cory is the creator of <a href="https://www.saaspegasus.com/?via=brian">SaaS Pegasus</a>, and has tons of experience with Django.</p><p>Some of the topics discussed:</p><ul><li>Building Django applications</li><li><a href="https://www.saaspegasus.com/?via=brian">SaaS Pegasus</a></li><li>placecard.me</li><li>What boilerplate projects are</li><li>Django cookiecutter</li><li>Cookiecutter</li><li>Which database to use, probably PostgreSQL</li><li>Authentication choises, probably Allauth</li><li>Docker, Docker for development, Docker for deployment</li><li>Deployment targets / hosting services. Render, Heroku, Fly.io, for PaaS options.</li><li>Front end frameworks. Bootstrap, Tailwind, DaisyUI, TailwindUI</li><li>HTMX vs React vs straight Django templates</li><li>Rockets</li><li>Font Awesome</li><li>and of course, <a href="https://www.saaspegasus.com/?via=brian">SaaS Pegasus</a></li></ul> <br><p><strong>Sponsored by Mailtrap.io</strong></p><ul><li>An Email Delivery Platform that developers love. </li><li>An email-sending solution with industry-best analytics, SMTP, and email API, SDKs for major programming languages, and 24/7 human support. </li><li>Try for Free at <a href="https://l.rw.rw/pythontest">MAILTRAP.IO</a></li></ul><p><strong>Sponsored by PyCharm Pro</strong></p><ul><li>Use code PYTEST for 20% off PyCharm Professional at <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/">jetbrains.com/pycharm</a></li><li>Now with Full Line Code Completion</li><li>See how easy it is to run pytest from PyCharm at <a href="https://pythontest.com/pycharm/">pythontest.com/pycharm</a></li></ul><p><strong>The Complete pytest Course</strong></p><ul><li>For the fastest way to learn pytest, go to <a href="https://courses.pythontest.com/p/complete-pytest-course">courses.pythontest.com</a></li><li>Whether your new to testing or pytest, or just want to maximize your efficiency and effectiveness when testing.</li></ul>

We're extremely excited to announce the 1.0 release of the Drupal API Client. This release includes a fully functional JSON:API client and completes our commitment as a result of funding from the 'Pitch-burgh' innovation contest.

Before diving into the details of some recent updates, let's recap the state of the project now that it has reached 1.0.

What is the Drupal API Client?

The Drupal API Client is a set of JavaScript packages that simplify the process of interacting with common Drupal APIs. Most commonly, developers will use our JSON:API client to interface with Drupal's JSON:API endpoints, but we also publish a base API Client package that can be extended, a client for Decoupled Router, and may support other Drupal APIs in the future.

The Drupal API Client takes great care to be framework-agnostic and universal. It can be used:

• with your JavaScript framework of choice, vanilla JavaScript, or even in Drupal itself.
• with or without TypeScript.
• on the server, or on the client.
• with a bundler, or as a script import from a CDN.

Recent Developments

• We've completed our Pitch-burgh commitment and released JSON:API Client 1.0. Thanks to all who contributed along the way!
• We've published detailed documentation on GitLab Pages. The docs include live code examples, and is itself an example of using the API Client with Astro.
• We've opened an issue proposing that the Drupal API Client packages be promoted to the Drupal namespace on npm. We'd love your feedback and support on the issue.
• We're refining our 1.x roadmap and soliciting community feedback. One proposed priority will be TypeScript improvements and automatic type generation.

See you at Stanford WebCamp and DrupalCon!

Moving forward, we hope to prioritize additional features for projects that could use our libraries as a dependency. Catch up with us at community events in May to learn more and share your use cases.

• The Drupal API Client will be featured in a session at Stanford WebCamp. Sessions are free and virtual, so this is a great way to get a more detailed overview of the project.
• We'll be holding a Birds of a Feather discussion and participating in contribution events at DrupalCon Portland. The BOF will be on Monday, May 6 in room G129 at 4PM.

Beyond these events, we're always available in the #api-client channel on Drupal Slack and monitoring our issue queue. Hope to see you there!

Open Source Summit North America 2024 About • Blog • Newsletter • Links Open Source Summit North America 2024

Published 2024-04-24 by Seth Larson
Reading time: minutes

This critical role would not be possible without funding from the Alpha-Omega project. Massive thank-you to Alpha-Omega for investing in the security of the Python ecosystem!

Last week I attended SOSS Community Day and OSS Summit. It was great to catch up with friends and to meet new people for the first time at a cross-ecosystem open source event.

I gave a talk "Embrace the Differences: Securing software ecosystems where they are" which funnily enough had a complementary talk about the ways software repositories can collaborate for security.

My talk focused on how security standards and tools typically want to operate across software ecosystems and differences in standards, tools, maintainers, and user expectations between ecosystems can make that difficult.

You can download my slides and the recording will be available eventually on YouTube.

OpenSSF Tabletop Session

I also participated in the first OpenSSF Tabletop Session organized and hosted by Dana Wang. I played the role of "open source maintainer" and represented how an exploited zero-day vulnerability would appear from the perspective of an open source project.

I emphasized the realities of vulnerability disclosure to open source projects like under-resourcing, most maintainers being volunteers, and stress caused during times of crisis.

Cast of the tabletop session! So many people! I also met up with many folks doing open source security, maintenance, and funding:

• Met with many folks from the Alpha-Omega cohort. I'm looking forward to having more cross-functional discussions about new approaches to securing open source.
• Met with Michael Winser from Alpha-Omega to work on our PyCon US 2024 talk State of Supply Chain Security for Python.
• Met with my friend William Woodruff from Trail of Bits and discussed the system TLS proposal and build provenance for Homebrew (and what could be learned for Python).
• Met with Samuel Giddins and Martin Emde from the Ruby ecosystem to discuss shared challenges for introducing security into an ecosystem.
• Met Lauren Hanford from Tidelift to discuss supporting and funding maintainers.
• Met Mirko from Sovereign Tech Fund and discuss their program for hiring open source maintainers.
• Attended the talk by Kara Sowles from GitHub on the state of open source funding and learned about "downturn-resilient" funding.
• Many folks who asked me about security initiatives happening in the Python ecosystem.

Other items

• Participating in the pre-PEP discussion for reviving PEP 543 (system TLS).
• Created a proposal for allowing any release manager to create a CPython release.
• Created a pull request for uploading Windows SBOMs to python.org/downloads.
• Merging and backporting the upgrade to libexpat 2.6.2
• Chose which proposal(s) I would be willing to mentor for Google Summer of Code 2024 (thanks to the folks who submitted!)
• Triaged reports and fixes for the PSRT.
• I wasn't involved, but PyPI has added Trusted Publisher support for ActiveState, GitLab, and Google Cloud Build.

Note that I've been summoned for jury duty starting next week, so expect fewer updates over the next two weeks depending on how that goes.

That's all for this week! 👋 If you're interested in more you can read last week's report.

Thanks for reading! ♡ Did you find this article helpful and want more content like it? Get notified of new posts by subscribing to the RSS feed or the email newsletter.

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

#626 – APRIL 23, 2024
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Asyncio Handle Control-C (SIGINT)

When the user presses CTRL-C on the keyboard, the OS raises an interrupt signal to your program. When writing concurrent code this can get complicated as the signal goes to the process. This article shows you how to handle capturing CTRL-C elegantly when using asyncio.
JASON BROWNLEE

Using raise for Effective Exceptions

In this video course, you’ll learn how to raise exceptions in Python, which will improve your ability to efficiently handle errors and exceptional situations in your code. This way, you’ll write more reliable, robust, and maintainable code.
REAL PYTHON course

Securing Python and Open Source Ecosystems

Join this fireside chat featuring Dustin Ingram, Fellow at the Python Software Foundation (PSF), as we discuss trust and security for PyPI and other repositories in light of recent attacks, and initiatives such as Trusted Publishing - Tune in this Thursday! →
ACTIVESTATE sponsor

Ruff Gets a Big Speed-Up

Ruff has changed from a generated parser to a hand-written recursive descent parser in the latest release. This has resulted in >2x speedup in its linting performance. This article covers what has changed and why they did it.
DHRUV MANILAWALA

Quiz: Managing Multiple Python Versions With pyenv

REAL PYTHON

Articles & Tutorials OpenStreetMaps, Overpass API and Python

OpenStreetMaps (OSM) is an an open source mapping project that allows people to browse the world map and to plan routes. Not only does it have the expected web interface, but it also has an API known as Overpass. This article shows you two ways to use Python to query Overpass.
JUDITH VOCKENROTH

Python Gotcha: strip Can Remove More Than Expected

The Python strip, lstrip, and rstrip functions can have unexpected behavior: they strip a list of characters, not strings. Even though this is documented, it can lead to unexpected results. This post explains what happens and shows you two functions to use instead.
ANDREW WEGNER

Decoupling Systems to Get Closer to the Data

What are the benefits of using a decoupled data processing system? How do you write reusable queries for a variety of backend data platforms? This week on the show, Phillip Cloud, the lead maintainer of Ibis, will discuss this portable Python dataframe library.
REAL PYTHON podcast

Announcing py2wasm: A Python to Wasm Compiler

Wasmer, a company that builds Wasm tools, has announced py2wasm which converts your Python programs to WebAssembly, running at 3x faster speeds than direct Wasm. This post introduces you to the tool and shows how they took advantage of the Nuitka library.
SYRUS AKBARY

How to Format Floats Within F-Strings in Python

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use Python format specifiers within an f-string to allow you to neatly format a float to your required precision. You’ll also learn how to extract digits from existing strings and format them as well.
REAL PYTHON

Memory Management in mpmetrics

The mpmetrics library contains tools for determining runtime metrics on your code. To do this it requires some esoteric memory management techniques normally not undergone in Python. This post describe what they’ve done and why.
TRENDS BLOG

The Time Complexities Python Data Structures in Python

Big O notation describes the relationship between an algorithm, how much data it is using, and the time it takes to run. This article covers the time complexities of a variety of Python data structures.
TREY HUNNER

Django Project on NGINX Unit

Unit is a web server developed by the NGINX folks with pluggable support for Python using WSGI and ASGI. Aidas tried it out and this post talks about how he got some Django code working on this server.
AIDAS BENDORAITIS

I Asked 100 Devs Why They Aren’t Shipping Faster?

Daksh asked 100 developers why they aren’t shipping faster and this blog post shares what he learned. Problems include dependency bugs, overly complicated code bases, waiting on requirements, and more.
DAKSH GUPTA

Shape Typing in Python

This quick blog post shows you how to use Python type checking to ensure the dimensions of matrices being multiplied together. Typing is no longer just “is it an integer”.
JAMES FISHER

Software Needs to Be More Expensive

Open source is free, and although that is a good thing, it also means companies get to take without giving back. This opinion piece talks about how that should change.
GLYPH LEFKOWITZ

Projects & Code Master Python With Spaced Repetition

PYTHON CARDS

automathon: Simulate and Visualize Finite Automata

GITHUB.COM/ROHAQUINLOP

stamina: Production-Grade Retries for Python

GITHUB.COM/HYNEK

tenacity: Retrying Library for Python

GITHUB.COM/JD

auto_venv: Say Goodbye to Manual Setup or Install

GITHUB.COM/AMAL-KHAILTASH

escaping: Suppress Exceptions With Callbacks and Logs

GITHUB.COM/POMPONCHIK • Shared by Evgeniy Blinov

Events Weekly Real Python Office Hours Q&A (Virtual)

April 24, 2024
REALPYTHON.COM

SPb Python Drinkup

April 25, 2024
MEETUP.COM

Django Girls Ekpoma Workshop

April 26 to April 28, 2024
DJANGOGIRLS.ORG

Open Source With Python

April 27, 2024
MEETUP.COM

PythOnRio Meetup

April 27, 2024
PYTHON.ORG.BR

Launching Python Niger

April 28 to April 29, 2024
FB.ME

Happy Pythoning!
This was PyCoder’s Weekly Issue #626.
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[ Subscribe to 🐍 PyCoder’s Weekly 💌 – Get the best Python news, articles, and tutorials delivered to your inbox once a week >> Click here to learn more ]

With version 0.0.7 of the Open Source AI Definition just published, we are getting very close to a release candidate version in June, as planned. We’ve covered a lot of ground since FOSDEM 2024, where we presented draft 0.0.4. This month we presented at Open Source Summit North America (OSS NA 24) and ran a co-design workshop at the Legal and Licensing Workshop (LLW) in Gothenburg. We’re very close to a “feature complete”: below are the next steps and ideas on how you might get involved.

Opportunities to meet in person

We are taking the draft definition on the road and coming to a town near you! Or, kind of, that is if you live in any of the following cities or happen to be there on the given dates:

1. North America 
   1. USA, Pittsburgh, PyCon US (May 17)
   2. USA, NYC OSPOs for Good (July 9-11)
   3. USA, Raleigh, All Things Open (October 27-29)
2. Europe
   1. France, Paris, OW2 (June)
   2. France, Paris, data governance event (September)
3. Africa
   1. Nigeria, Lagos, Sustain Africa (June)
4. Latin America
   1. Argentina, Buenos Aires, Nerdearla (September 24-28)
5. Asia Pacific
   1. Hong Kong, AI_Dev (August 23)

It’s important for you to catch up.

Draft v.0.0.5 at FOSDEM 2024

The talk “Moving a Step Closer to Defining Open Source AI” (click here to watch the recorded live stream) by Stefano Maffulli presented draft v.0.0.5, released a few days before. The process at the time was focusing on finding the required components to “use, study, share and modify” an AI system. 

Maffulli quickly summarized why OSI started the Deep Dive: AI process, after Copilot not only demonstrated machines’ ability to write functioning code but also highlighted the new role of data as input to the machine learning system. Recognizing there is no simple answer to the question “what is the source code of Copilot?” Maffulli focused OSI’s attention to finding the Open Source principles applied to AI together with stakeholders from academia, legal communities, tech companies, and civil rights groups.

Building the framework

OSI defined a process to co-design the Open Source AI Definition in public. This framework encompasses a clear definition of AI systems, a preamble outlining the rationale behind open source AI, a concise articulation of the freedoms users should enjoy, and a checklist for evaluating AI components and associated legal documents.

He highlighted the rapid progress and policy decisions that shaped the trajectory of software development, emphasizing the need to compress decades of evolution into a few months in the realm of AI. Stefano emphasized the importance of community feedback and collaboration in refining the definition of Open Source AI. With monthly draft releases, bi-weekly town halls, and an active forum, we gather diverse perspectives and insights to craft a robust definition.

OSS North America 2024 and next steps

Since FOSDEM, the Definition has reached version 0.0.7. First, working groups analyzed Pythia, OpenCV, Llama2 and Bloom  to find the preferred form of making modifications to the AI system, the fundamental unit for users to exercise their freedoms. Later, the groups shifted focus to reviewing the legal frameworks used by the components used by Pythia, OpenCV, Llama2 and Bloom. Together with the definition of AI system provided by the OECD, the preamble, out-of-scope issues and four freedoms, this draft looks very close to a full document. A new version is expected to be released very soon now. On the 16th of April, Ofer Hermoni of the Linux Foundation and Mer Joyce (OSI/DoBigGood) presented the work at the OSS NA 24 meeting in Seattle. A huge part of our job currently is getting this definition reviewed by as many stakeholders as possible. A far-reaching and diverse perspective is necessary as we aim for a global impact. 
To participate in shaping the definition of Open Source AI and stay updated on the latest developments, visit opensource.org/deepdive and engage with the ongoing discussions, participate and watch previous town hall meetings and draft releases. Go to discuss.opensource.org to participate in our forum.

Imagine a world where installing Drupal instantly launches you into a creative experience, allowing you to build and style pages right out of the box, without any need for additional modules or configuration.

The introduction of Drupal's Layout Builder in 2018 was an important milestone toward this vision, but it was just the first step. Layout Builder provides site builders with a powerful drag-and-drop interface for creating and arranging content within customizable layouts.

Despite its success, there is a clear and pressing need to improve the existing Layout Builder. The numerous community-developed modules enhancing Layout Builder highlight the need for a more comprehensive solution.

That is why at DrupalCon Lille last year, I was excited to announce the "Next Generation Page Builder" initiative, aimed at improving and expanding the Layout Builder to provide a truly intuitive, out-of-the-box page-building experience.

Since announcing the 'Next Generation Page Builder', led by Lauri Eskola (Acquia), a Drupal Core Committer, we've done extensive research and planning.

Inspired by user feedback, we decided to make two changes. First, we decided to broaden our focus: not only will we improve the page-building features of Layout Builder, we will also integrate basic theming capabilities, enabling users to style their pages effortlessly without having to edit Twig files. Second, reflecting on this wider scope, we renamed the initiative from 'Next Generation Page Builder' to 'Experience Builder'.

In recent months, we explored several options for how to create such an Experience Builder, including accelerating development of the Layout Builder, switching to Gutenberg, adopting Paragraphs, or using the newly open-sourced Plasmic.

After thorough analysis and discussions with key stakeholders, including Automattic's Gutenberg team, the Drupal Core Committers decided the best approach is to expand the Layout Builder while also incorporating the best elements of Paragraphs.

Looking to the future, I hope the Experience Builder becomes the preferred Drupal tool for layout design, page building, and basic theming. Our main goal is to create a tool that site builders love, with an amazing out-of-the-box experience. By integrating key features from Paragraphs, we also aim to create a unified solution that reduces fragmentation, accelerates innovation, and ensures Drupal remains at the forefront of site building.

Our future success hinges on expanding Drupal's usability to a wider audience. Our CMS capabilities are often better than our competitors', but aren't always as user friendly. In the Drupal 7 era, Drupal was the OG (Original Great) of low-code but today we are being outpaced by competitors in terms of ease of use. Without user experience improvements, we'll lose ground. The Experience Builder initiative is all about introducing more people to the power of Drupal.

I feel strongly that a unified Experience Builder is one of the most important initiatives we can undertake right now.

Developing an Experience Builder is a big task that will require substantial effort, extensive collaboration, and significant expertise in user experience and design. As Drupal Core Committers, we are driven by a sense of urgency to advance this initiative. We are committed to moving quickly and iterating rapidly, but to succeed, we also need your support. There will be many opportunities for the community to collaborate and contribute to this initiative.

For more information, please check Lauri's latest blog post on the topic. Additionally, I will discuss this further in my upcoming DrupalCon Portland keynote in a few weeks.

At DrupalCon Lille 2023, Dries announced a new strategic initiative to build a Next Generation Page Builder. The goal of the initiative was to improve and expand Layout Builder to provide a truly intuitive out-of-the-box page building experience.

We have started defining what experience would look like by identifying user journeys from beginning to end, from customizing Drupal to match a brand and content strategy to creating and editing pages. We have identified that to provide the desired experience, we need to define a standardized way for builders and creators to transform designs into optimized digital experiences. To realize the Ambitious Site Builder vision announced by Dries in 2022, we are providing visual, browser-based tools that require minimal technical expertise. This will make it easier for users without prior knowledge about Drupal or coding to implement a digital experience with Drupal. Our working name for this is Experience Builder to highlight that the module seamlessly integrates a page builder and a theme builder.

With the Experience Builder, site builders can create fully customized pages and themes using no-code/low-code tools in the browser. It provides site builders, developers, and content creators a single platform to collaborate. Content creators are empowered to create and update content without having to reach out to a developer. Site builders can balance brand consistency and creative freedom by selecting which visual editor controls to expose to the content creator. As a result, anyone in your organization can easily build and update sites, accelerating time to market while remaining brand compliant.

To keep the out-of-the-box experience simple for non-technical users, Drupal will continue to optimize the experience for site builders without the need of building custom, code-based headless front ends. We are actively exploring ways for Drupal to enable JavaScript developers to work with Drupal without the need of managing a large custom code base. Meanwhile, we will still deliver capabilities that enable headless use cases and retain much of the work that has been done to enable headless use cases so far.

How should we build the Experience Builder?

The Drupal core committer team has decided to expand on our existing solutions. Incorporating the best features of Paragraphs into an expanded Layout Builder will provide a solution that can significantly surpass the existing options explored. We are still evaluating if there are smaller components that exist in other open source projects that could be utilized by the Experience Builder.

What options did we consider?

We researched the existing Drupal based page building solutions, as well as other open source projects to decide how we should realize the Experience Builder. We evaluated Paragraphs, Layout Builder, and Gutenberg using six criteria: expertise required to realize our vision, effort required to realize our vision, effort required to migrate existing sites, future-proofness of the solutions, how well it matches with our persona, and ability for market differentiation.

Gutenberg was the primary option that we considered adopting from outside the Drupal ecosystem. With the help of the Pitchburgh fund, I had couple long days of working sessions with a group of Gutenberg maintainers, as well as the team behind Drupal Gutenberg. We learned that there are many parallels between the problems the different teams are aiming to solve. However, Gutenberg is primarily built for the content creators, which is at odds with our promise to build a platform for the Ambitious Site Builders. Gutenberg would provide us a fast way to enable content creators, but would slow us down delivering on our vision for site builders.

From the Drupal-based solutions, Paragraphs has the largest user base. Site builders attribute this to its relative simplicity and flexibility to implement nearly any kind of design system. However, Paragraphs focuses solely on component composition and content composition, and therefore doesn't enable non-technical builders to control the display of structured data, or the page as a whole.

Layout Builder originally focused on providing site builders with a way to display structured data from entities using more complex layouts. For this reason, the out-of-the-box experience hasn't been optimized for content creation. As a result, some sites using Paragraphs also choose to use Layout Builder as a tool for builders to customize the page layout, leading to a less integrated UX.

All of the solutions we evaluated came with trade-offs. The core committer team decided to prioritize how well the solution would match with our Ambitious Site Builder persona and having an ability for market differentiation. Based on our research, evolving Layout Builder, and enhancing it with capabilities that exist in Paragraphs today best meets these criteria. This approach requires a lot of expertise and effort to realize our vision, in particular UX design, but makes it easier to migrate existing sites and integrate with other Drupal APIs and use cases.

Next steps

We have identified three lanes of work to implement the Experience Builder:

1. Creating a revamped user experience that is optimized for creating pages using components, as well as defining the layout for structured data.
2. Implementing a new mechanism for defining components, alongside blocks. Components can be defined through the UI as no-code components, or as code components. The experience for creating code components will be similar to Single Directory Components.
3. Implementing a browser-based theme builder that enables site builders to implement themes custom to brand without leaving the browser.

Expected timeline and call for help

The core committer team is convinced that a unified Experience Builder is one of the most important initiatives we can undertake. We are committed to moving quickly and iterating rapidly, but we need your support to succeed. We know that with the help of the community, we are able to develop a proof of concept and demo of the new user experience later this year. The first release as a contributed module is targeted for the first half of 2025.

If you are willing to help fund this project, you can reach out to Lauri or Dries. If you are willing to help with the implementation itself, we are planning to set up a recurring meeting. Join the #layouts channel on Drupal Slack for updates and opportunities to contribute!

TDT hired a full-time journalist intern to cover DrupalCon Pittsburgh in 2023. Aidan F. Dean Dunn, just out of college, did a commendable job. Aidan talks about his experiences reporting at the tech conference in this conversation with Varun Baker.

On your Python journey, you’ve worked with functions and loops. To fully understand functions and loops in Python, you need to be familiar with the issue of scope.

In this Python Basics Exercises video course, you’ll practice:

• Identifying the scope of objects
• Working with the global keyword
• Exploring the LEGB rule for scope resolution
• Using the return statement in a function

Scope can be one of the more difficult programming concepts to understand, so in this video course, you’ll get additional practice working with it.

This video course is part of the Python Basics series, which accompanies Python Basics: A Practical Introduction to Python 3. You can also check out the other Python Basics courses.

Note that you’ll be using IDLE to interact with Python throughout this course. If you’re just getting started, then you might want to check out Python Basics: Setting Up Python before diving into this course.

[ Improve Your Python With 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 – Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. >> Click here to learn more and see examples ]

Hey Django enthusiasts!

Have you submitted your talk or tutorial for DjangoCon US 2024, in beautiful Durham, North Carolina, USA?

Time flies, and we're fast approaching the deadline (April 24, 2024 at 12 PM EDT) for DjangoCon US 2024 Call for Proposals (CFP). If you've been pondering sharing your Django journey, showcasing your innovative projects, or imparting your expertise to fellow developers, now is the perfect moment to seize the opportunity!

Here's why you should take action and submit your proposals before the clock runs out:

• Share Your Knowledge: DjangoCon US isn't just a conference; it's a platform for sharing insights, discoveries, and lessons learned. Your unique experiences could be just what someone else needs to overcome a hurdle or spark a new idea.
• Join the Community: DjangoCon US isn't just about talks; it's about building connections. By presenting at the conference, you become an integral part of the vibrant Django community, exchanging ideas, and forging new friendships with like-minded developers.
• Boost Your Profile: Whether you're a seasoned speaker or a first-time presenter, DjangoCon US offers a valuable opportunity to elevate your profile in the tech industry. Showcase your expertise, gain visibility, and enhance your professional credibility among peers and potential employers.
• Contribute to Diversity: DjangoCon US values diversity and inclusion. Your perspective matters, and by sharing your voice, you contribute to creating a more inclusive and representative tech community.

Submitting a proposal is easy! Just head over to the DjangoCon US website, fill out the submission form, and share your compelling idea with us. Whether it's a deep dive into a technical topic, a case study of your latest project, or a discussion on the future of Django, we want to hear from you.

Remember, the deadline for CFP submissions is fast approaching, so don't wait until the last minute. Take this opportunity to inspire, educate, and connect with your fellow Django enthusiasts at DjangoCon US 2024!

See you at the conference!

If you have questions feel free to contact us.

While preparing the recent Markdown Easy 1.0.1 release, I utilized a couple of tools that I hadn't used before in order to help improve code quality as well as the quality of the release notes.

cspell

cspell is a Node.js spell-checker for code that was made available to the default Drupal GitLab templates in February, 2024. There is a new SKIP_CSPELL variable that can be set if you'd like your project to completely ignore cspell (it is enabled by default.) Documentation on using cspell in Drupal GitLab pipelines is available. I'd wager that most Drupal contrib maintainers will have the need for a custom word list (as I did,) so I took a few minutes to learn a bit more about it.

Cspell uses its default wordlist along with a few add-on dictionaries related to Drupal development (anecdotally, words like "mglaman," "gloop," "skynet," and "vampirize" are included) for checking the spelling of both variable names as well as code comments, but luckily, additional words (and patterns) can be added on a per-project basis in order to achieve a clean cspell report in GitLab pipelines. While there are several methods to add a list of custom words, the way I felt was most elegant (and easy for me to remember in the future!) was to add a .cspell-project-words.txt file on the project root (in this case, the contrib module is the project.) This file then includes a list of words that cspell should not flag as misspellings. For the Markdown Easy project, I went with "Anello," "~commonmark," and "~ultimike" (possibly for obvious reasons.) The ~ modifier indicates those words are case-insensitive (additional modifiers are available.) With that change, Markdown Easy now earns a passing score from the cspell pipeline. 

drupalorg CLI

drupalorg is a command-line interface maintained by (who else?) Matt Glaman. I actually learned about this tool a few years ago after Matt blogged about it, but for whatever reason, I only thought about installing and (finally) using it recently. The general idea is to provide a command line tool for contributors to interact with drupal.org. It's available commands are:

help Displays help for a command list Lists commands cache cache:clear (cc) Clears caches ci drupalci drupalci:list (ci:l) Lists test results for an issue drupalci:watch (ci:w) Watches a Drupal CI job issue issue:apply Applies the latest patch from an issue. issue:branch Creates a branch for the issue. issue:interdiff Generate an interdiff for the issue from local changes. issue:link Opens an issue issue:patch Generate a patch for the issue from committed local changes. maintainer maintainer:issues (mi) Lists issues for a user, based on maintainer. maintainer:release-notes (rn, mrn) Generate release notes. project project:issues (pi) Lists issues for a project. project:kanban Opens project kanban project:link Opens project page project:release-notes (prn) View release notes for a release project:releases Lists available releases tci travisci travisci:list (tci:l) Lists Travis Ci builds for a Drupal project travisci:watch (tci:w) Watches a Travis CI job

The maintainer:release-notes command is especially helpful to automatically generate release notes for a new version of a Drupal contrib project. Here's how I installed and used this tool to generate the release notes for Markdown Easy 1.0.1:

1. I downloaded the drupalorg.phar to a new ~/sites/drupalorg/ directory on my local, and renamed the file to just drupalorg.
2. I then gave execute permission to this file via chmod u+x ~/sites/drupalorg/drupalorg

3. I use zsh, so I added the following to my ~/.zshrc file and then restarted my terminal:

   # drupalorg command line tool export PATH="/Users/michael/sites/drupalorg:$PATH"
4. Here's the important part - I then navigated to my local, working copy of the Markdown Easy module. In my case cd ~/sites/d10/web/modules/contrib/markdown_easy 
5. I then ran the following command to generate the release notes: drupalorg maintainer:release-notes 1.0.0  

I assumed at first that I should use the current release (1.0.1) as the argument, but after reading the documentation, I discovered that the command will generate release notes from the tag provided in the argument.

I also originally assumed that the command would take a contrib module's machine name as an argument, but after a few minutes of poking around the documentation, I realized that the command must be run from the module's directory.

You can see the automatically generated release notes here.

Summary

Both of these tools were rather easy to implement (once I read just a little bit of documentation) and seem like they'll be useful for just about any Drupal contrib maintainer. 

PyPy v7.3.16: release of python 2.7, 3.9, and 3.10

The PyPy team is proud to release version 7.3.16 of PyPy.

This release includes security fixes from upstream CPython, and bugfixes to the garbage collector, described in a gc bug-hunt blog post.

The release includes three different interpreters:

• PyPy2.7, which is an interpreter supporting the syntax and the features of Python 2.7 including the stdlib for CPython 2.7.18+ (the + is for backported security updates)

• PyPy3.9, which is an interpreter supporting the syntax and the features of Python 3.9, including the stdlib for CPython 3.9.19.

• PyPy3.10, which is an interpreter supporting the syntax and the features of Python 3.10, including the stdlib for CPython 3.10.14.

The interpreters are based on much the same codebase, thus the multiple release. This is a micro release, all APIs are compatible with the other 7.3 releases. It follows after 7.3.15 release on Jan 15, 2024

We recommend updating. You can find links to download the v7.3.16 releases here:

https://pypy.org/download.html

We would like to thank our donors for the continued support of the PyPy project. If PyPy is not quite good enough for your needs, we are available for direct consulting work. If PyPy is helping you out, we would love to hear about it and encourage submissions to our blog via a pull request to https://github.com/pypy/pypy.org

We would also like to thank our contributors and encourage new people to join the project. PyPy has many layers and we need help with all of them: bug fixes, PyPy and RPython documentation improvements, or general help with making RPython's JIT even better.

If you are a python library maintainer and use C-extensions, please consider making a HPy / CFFI / cppyy version of your library that would be performant on PyPy. In any case, both cibuildwheel and the multibuild system support building wheels for PyPy.

What is PyPy?

PyPy is a Python interpreter, a drop-in replacement for CPython It's fast (PyPy and CPython 3.7.4 performance comparison) due to its integrated tracing JIT compiler.

We also welcome developers of other dynamic languages to see what RPython can do for them.

We provide binary builds for:

• x86 machines on most common operating systems (Linux 32/64 bits, Mac OS 64 bits, Windows 64 bits)

• 64-bit ARM machines running Linux (aarch64).

• Apple M1 arm64 machines (macos_arm64).

• s390x running Linux

PyPy support Windows 32-bit, Linux PPC64 big- and little-endian, and Linux ARM 32 bit, but does not release binaries. Please reach out to us if you wish to sponsor binary releases for those platforms. Downstream packagers provide binary builds for debian, Fedora, conda, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, Gentoo, and more.

What else is new?

For more information about the 7.3.16 release, see the full changelog.

Please update, and continue to help us make pypy better.

Cheers, The PyPy Team

In this quiz, you’ll test your understanding of Python sequences.

By working through this quiz, you’ll revisit the basic characteristics of a sequence, operations common to most sequences, special methods associated with sequences, and how to create user-defined mutable and immutable sequences.

[ Improve Your Python With 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 – Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. >> Click here to learn more and see examples ]

In this tutorial, you will learn to write your first Python program.

Drupal 9 to 10 Transition Made Simple: Real Code Insights kanapatrick Tue, 04/23/2024 - 10:31

Have you found yourself gearing up for the transition from Drupal 9 to Drupal 10, only to be met with complexities and uncertainties along the way? You're not alone in this journey. Making the switch between major versions of a CMS can feel like navigating through a maze of code and updates, leaving you puzzled and overwhelmed.

<strong>Topics covered in this episode:</strong><br> <ul> <li><a href="https://pirsquared.org/blog/numfocus-concerns.html"><strong>NumFOCUS concerns</strong></a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/leapingio/leaping">leaping pytest debugger llm</a></li> <li><strong>Extra, Extra, Extra,</strong></li> <li><a href="https://blog.pypi.org/posts/2023-11-14-1-pypi-completes-first-security-audit/">PyPI has completed its first security audit</a></li> <li><strong>Extras</strong></li> <li><strong>Joke</strong></li> </ul><a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axdty2K79v8' style='font-weight: bold;'data-umami-event="Livestream-Past" data-umami-event-episode="380">Watch on YouTube</a><br> <p><strong>About the show</strong></p> <p>Sponsored by us! Support our work through:</p> <ul> <li>Our <a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/"><strong>courses at Talk Python Training</strong></a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.pythontest.com/p/the-complete-pytest-course"><strong>The Complete pytest Course</strong></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.patreon.com/pythonbytes"><strong>Patreon Supporters</strong></a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Connect with the hosts</strong></p> <ul> <li>Michael: <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@mkennedy"><strong>@mkennedy@fosstodon.org</strong></a></li> <li>Brian: <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@brianokken"><strong>@brianokken@fosstodon.org</strong></a></li> <li>Show: <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@pythonbytes"><strong>@pythonbytes@fosstodon.org</strong></a></li> </ul> <p>Join us on YouTube at <a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/stream/live"><strong>pythonbytes.fm/live</strong></a> to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 11am PT. Older video versions available there too.</p> <p>Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of </p> <p>the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to <a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/friends-of-the-show">our friends of the show list</a>, we'll never share it.</p> <p><strong>Brian #1:</strong> <a href="https://pirsquared.org/blog/numfocus-concerns.html"><strong>NumFOCUS concerns</strong></a></p> <ul> <li>Suggested by Pamphile Roy</li> <li>Write up of the current challenges faced by NumFOCUS, by Paul Ivanov (one of the OG of Scientific Python: Jupyter, Matplotlib, etc.) <ul> <li>Struggling to meet the needs of sponsored and affiliated projects.</li> <li>In February, NumFOCUS announced it is moving in a new direction.</li> <li>NumFOCUS initiated an effort to run an election for open board seats and proposed changing its governance structure.</li> <li>Some projects are considering and actively pursuing alternative venues for fiscal sponsorship.</li> <li>Quite a bit more detail and discussion in the article.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://numfocus.org/sponsored-projects">NumFOCUS covers a lot of projects</a> <ul> <li>NumPy, Matplotlib, pandas, Jupyter, SciPy, Astropy, Bokeh, Dask, Conda, and so many more.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p><strong>Michael #2:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/leapingio/leaping">leaping pytest debugger llm</a></p> <ul> <li>You can ask Leaping questions like: <ul> <li>Why am I not hitting function x?</li> <li>Why was variable y set to this value?</li> <li>What was the value of variable x at this point?</li> <li>What changes can I make to this code to make this test pass?</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p><strong>Brian #3:</strong> <strong>Extra, Extra, Extra,</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://scientific-python.org/summits/developer/2024/">2024 Developer Summit</a> <ul> <li>Also suggested by Pamphile, related to Scientific Python</li> <li><em>The Second Scientific Python Developer Summit , June 3-5, Seattle, WA</em></li> <li>Lots of great work came out of the <a href="https://blog.scientific-python.org/scientific-python/dev-summit-1/">First Summit in 2023</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/tylerjereddy/pytest-regex">pytest-regex</a> - Use regexs to specify tests to run <ul> <li>Came out of the ’23 summit</li> <li>I’m not sure if I’m super happy about this or a little afraid that I probably could use this.</li> <li>Still, cool that it’s here.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://jcarlosroldan.com/post/329/my-latest-tils-about-python">Cool short example of using </a><a href="https://jcarlosroldan.com/post/329/my-latest-tils-about-python">__init__</a><a href="https://jcarlosroldan.com/post/329/my-latest-tils-about-python"> and </a><a href="https://jcarlosroldan.com/post/329/my-latest-tils-about-python">__call__</a><a href="https://jcarlosroldan.com/post/329/my-latest-tils-about-python"> to hand-roll a decorator.</a></li> <li><a href="https://astral.sh/blog/ruff-v0.4.0">ruff got faster</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Michael #4:</strong> <a href="https://blog.pypi.org/posts/2023-11-14-1-pypi-completes-first-security-audit/">PyPI has completed its first security audit</a></p> <ul> <li>Trail of Bits spent a total of 10 engineer-weeks of effort identifying issues, presenting those findings to the PyPI team, and assisting us as we remediated the findings.</li> <li>Scope: The audit was focused on "Warehouse", the open-source codebase that powers <a href="https://pypi.org">pypi.org</a></li> <li>As a result of the audit, Trail of Bits detailed 29 different advisories discovered across both codebases. When evaluating severity level of each advisory, 14 were categorized as "informational", 6 as "low", 8 as "medium" and zero as "high".</li> </ul> <p><strong>Extras</strong> </p> <p>Brian:</p> <ul> <li>pytest course community to try out Podia Communities.</li> <li>Anyone have a podia community running strong now? <ul> <li>If so, let me know through Mastodon: <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@brianokken">@brianokken@fosstodon.org</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Want to join the community when it’s up and running? <ul> <li>Same. Or join our <a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/friends-of-the-show">our friends of the show list</a>, and read our newsletter. I’ll be sure to drop a note in there when it’s ready.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>Michael:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh24NVM2FDY">VS Code AMA @ Talk Python</a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh24NVM2FDY"> </a>[<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh24NVM2FDY">video]</a></li> <li><a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1135">Gunicorn CVE</a></li> <li>Talk submissions are now open for both remote and in-person talks at the 2024 PyConZA? The conference will be held on 3 and 4 October 2024 in Cape Town, South Africa. Details are on <a href="http://za.pycon.org">za.pycon.org</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://flaskcon.com/2024/">FlaskCon 2024</a> will be happening Friday, May 17 inside PyCon US 2024. Call for proposals are now live!</li> </ul> <p><strong>Joke:</strong> <a href="https://devhumor.com/media/debugging-with-your-eyes">Debugging with your eyes</a></p>

As a content writer, one thing that poses a serious concern for professionals in this field is plagiarism. It refers to the act of using someone else’s work and calling it your own. It can be frustrating and is ethically and legally unacceptable. Duplicate content is no less than plagiarism. In fact, it can cause concerns not only for content professionals but also for website owners and SEO professionals. Surprisingly, 25-30% of the content on the internet today is duplicated without people even realizing it. In this blog, we’ll talk about duplicate content, the significance of this issue in today’s metrics, and how Drupal helps you solve the problem with convenience. What is duplicate content Duplicate content simply means identical content that exists across various URLs on the internet. When identical content shows up on different URLs, search engines typically face confusion in determining which URL to prioritize in their search results. This leads to low-ranking issues for all the URLs that display similar content, while preference slides over to alternative web pages. Why is it a significant problem As mentioned earlier, duplicate content can cause issues for marketers, website owners, and SEO professionals. Let me categorize the types of issues it can bring you: For Search Engines Identification: Search engines struggle to determine which version(s) of content to include or exclude from their indexes. Link Metrics Distribution: They face uncertainty in distributing link metrics like trust, authority, anchor text, and link equity among multiple versions or a single page. Ranking Ambiguity: It becomes unclear which version(s) should rank for specific search queries. For Website Owners Search Engine Optimization: To enhance user experience, search engines tend to display only one version of duplicated content. This reduces the visibility of all duplicates. Link Equity Dilution: Inbound links are divided among duplicates rather than consolidating on one page. This disperses the link equity, affecting the search visibility of the content piece. Consequently, duplicated content fails to achieve the search visibility it could otherwise attain. What causes duplicate content Now that you’ve gathered some information about the seriousness of the issue of duplicate content, here are a few potential and technical causes that lead to content duplication. URL Parameters: This issue arises when you apply URL parameters or tracking in your website’s code. According to Google, these URL variations are created by pairing a key and a value which are separated by an equal sign, and linked by an ampersand. Consequently, although the URLs may seem distinct, users end up on the same page regardless of the link they click. Session IDs: Similar to applied URL parameters, session IDs are assigned different IDs within the URL to each user visiting your site. Multiple Versions of Your Site: This issue arises with websites that have both a www.example.com and an example.com version of their pages. It also applies to sites with an SSL certificate that maintain both HTTP and HTTPS versions of their site. Faceted Navigation: Faceted or filtered navigation allows users to refine details on your site to find the information they are looking for. It enables them to customize their search experience. However, search engines may perceive these filtered URL results as duplicated content. Types of duplicate content Duplicate content affects your SEO ranking. Having said that, in terms of search engine optimization, duplicate content is of two different types:    1. Site-wide/Cross-domain Duplicate Content Site-wide duplicate content occurs when identical or similar content is available across different pages within the same website or across multiple domains. For instance, some e-commerce platforms may use similar product descriptions on their primary domain (store.com), mobile version (m.store.com), or localized domain versions like store.ca. Such duplication of content challenges your SEO ranking.  If the duplicate content extends beyond a single website to multiple websites, determining the organic search result becomes a challenging task, requiring specific strategies to deal with the same.    2. Copied Content/Technical Problems This sounds like an oversight yet a major issue at that. Such duplicate content occurs from directly copying content to multiple locations or due to technical issues that result in the display of similar content on various URLs. This may be the case with URLs with parameters lacking canonical tags, duplicate pages without the no index directive, and copied content published without proper redirection.  When canonical tags or redirects are not appropriately set up, search engines may index and attempt to rank nearly identical versions of pages, leading to potential SEO complications. How Can Google Help Detect Duplicate Content One of the most popular and verified methods of assessing duplicate content is by simply selecting a few words from the site, enclosing them within quotes, and inputting them into Google search.  Ideally, this test on any page from your website should show your webpage in the search results, without other entries. However, if other websites also appear along with yours, Google considers the top results to be the original source of content. If you don’t find your webpage on top of the results, it might be a concern of duplicate content. You can repeat this procedure by testing several short, random sentences from your webpage using Google. Additionally, there are various free tools to check for duplicate content over the web, such as Copyscape, Plagspotter, Duplichecker, Smallseotools, and more. The Global Redirect Module: Fixing Duplicate Content SEO Issues in Drupal For those who’re unaware, Drupal is an open-source content management system that works towards simplifying development and creation processes for its global community. It offers many core and contributed modules that serve its purposes. One such module works towards fixing the issue of duplicate content - the Global Redirect Module.  The Global Redirect module is an SEO-friendly module that offers you a user-friendly interface to manage your URL path redirects. In Drupal, the alias system can sometimes lead to duplicate URLs, which can affect your website's search engine ranking. This Drupal module tackles this issue by checking for existing aliases and redirecting to the correct URL. Additionally, it manages URL formatting by removing trailing slashes, ensuring clean URL usage, and verifying node permissions and access. As per the module’s documentation source, here’s what it does to correct/fix duplicate content: Verifies if the current URL has an alias and performs a 301 redirect to it if it's not currently in use. Checks for a trailing slash in the current URL, then removes it if found, and repeats the first check with the updated request. Determines if the current URL matches the site's front page and redirects to the front page if there's a match. Ensures that Clean URLs are enabled and confirms whether the current URL is accessed using the clean method rather than the unclean method. Validates access to the URL; if the user lacks access to the path, no redirects occur. This feature helps protect private aliased nodes from exposure. Enforces the case sensitivity of the accessed URL to match the one set by the author/administrator. In non-technical interpretation of the above information, the Drupal Global Redirect module  Establishes fresh redirects. Detects faulty URL paths (ensure the “Redirect 4040” sub-module is activated for this feature). Configures redirects at the domain level (utilize the “Redirect Domain” sub-module for this purpose). Imports existing redirects. This way, you avoid the risk of having the very same content displayed on multiple URL paths. How to Configure the Global Redirect Module Before you configure the module, make sure to download it from https://www.drupal.org/project/globalredirect and then proceed with the following steps to configure the module to fix the issue of duplicate content on your Drupal site: Navigate to the Configuration page in your Drupal dashboard. In the Search and Metadata section, click on the URL redirects option. If you don’t find it, try clearing your Drupal cache and check again. On the URL redirects page, find the list of created redirects. Click on the +Add redirect button to add a new redirect. In the Path field, enter the old title or URL alias that you want to redirect from. In the To field, specify the relative internal path or the absolute external path that you want the old URL to redirect to. Choose the appropriate Redirect status from the drop-down menu. Click on Save at the bottom of the page to save the redirect configuration. Navigate to the Settings tab at the top of the page to access additional configuration options for the Global Redirect module. In the Settings tab, modify the default redirect status and adjust global redirect settings as needed.Click on Save Configuration to apply the new settings. Final Thoughts To wrap up, duplicate content affects your search engine rankings and impacts user experience as well as link equity distribution. It poses threatening challenges for content creators, website owners, and SEO professionals. Understanding the causes and types of duplicate content can help devise effective strategies to fix this issue. In Drupal, the Global Redirect module offers a convenient solution to manage URL redirects and prevent duplicity of content. While there are many other ways to boost your SEO ranking, Drupal users trust this module to work best in fixing duplicate content issues. It ensures clean URLs, proper redirection, and improved SEO performance on your Drupal site. So, employ effective measures to rank your Drupal website - avoid duplicate content, stick with Google algorithms, stay up-to-date with the latest technological measures, or you could connect with an expert Drupal development agency to enhance your Drupal SEO and boost your site’s search engine ranking.

Join us as we delve into the realm of Dropsolid with Dominique de Cooman. Discover the driving forces behind their innovative integration of Drupal and open-source technology, and gain insights into the evolving landscape of digital experiences. From their founding principles to navigating Drupal's future, Dominique offers a candid exploration of Dropsolid's journey and its impact on the digital realm.

Hi, I'm Jakob and this is my new KDE blog. Let's see how this goes as I haven't blogged for literally decades. I started working on Plasma code sometime last year and hope to play a tiny part in setting the stage for world domination improving user experiences like so many other awesome and dedicated contributors do every week.