Feeds

As a Python developer, you’ll have to deal with mutable and immutable objects sooner or later. Mutable objects are those that allow you to change their value or data in place without affecting the object’s identity. In contrast, immutable objects don’t allow this kind of operation. You’ll just have the option of creating new objects of the same type with different values.

In Python, mutability is a characteristic that may profoundly influence your decision when choosing which data type to use in solving a given programming problem. Therefore, you need to know how mutable and immutable objects work in Python.

In this video course, you’ll:

• Understand how mutability and immutability work under the hood in Python
• Explore immutable and mutable built-in data types in Python
• Identify and avoid some common mutability-related gotchas
• Understand and control how mutability affects your custom classes

[ Improve Your Python With 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 – Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. >> Click here to learn more and see examples ]

Maximize your Drupal content creation with CKEditor's advanced features! Join the upcoming webinar on October 16, 2024, at 11:00 AM EDT to learn about the CKEditor 5 Drupal Plugin Pack, advanced editing tools, and productivity enhancements. Drupal developers, content managers, and site administrators will gain practical insights on improving content workflows. Don't miss this opportunity—register today!

Almost all of my Debian contributions this month were sponsored by Freexian.

You can also support my work directly via Liberapay.

Pydantic

My main Debian project for the month turned out to be getting Pydantic back into a good state in Debian testing. I’ve used Pydantic quite a bit in various projects, most recently in Debusine, so I have an interest in making sure it works well in Debian. However, it had been stalled on 1.10.17 for quite a while due to the complexities of getting 2.x packaged. This was partly making sure everything else could cope with the transition, but in practice mostly sorting out packaging of its new Rust dependencies. Several other people (notably Alexandre Detiste, Andreas Tille, Drew Parsons, and Timo Röhling) had made some good progress on this, but nobody had quite got it over the line and it seemed a bit stuck.

Learning Rust is on my to-do list, but merely not knowing a language hasn’t stopped me before. So I learned how the Debian Rust team’s packaging works, upgraded a few packages to new upstream versions (including rust-half and upstream rust-idna test fixes), and packaged rust-jiter. After a lot of waiting around for various things and chasing some failures in other packages I was eventually able to get current versions of both pydantic-core and pydantic into testing.

I’m looking forward to being able to drop our clunky v1 compatibility code once debusine can rely on running on trixie!

OpenSSH

I upgraded the Debian packaging to OpenSSH 9.9p1.

YubiHSM

I upgraded python-yubihsm, yubihsm-connector, and yubihsm-shell to new upstream versions.

I noticed that I could enable some tests in python-yubihsm and yubihsm-shell; I’d previously thought the whole test suite required a real YubiHSM device, but when I looked closer it turned out that this was only true for some tests.

I fixed yubihsm-shell build failures on some 32-bit architectures (upstream PRs #431, #432), and also made it build reproducibly.

Thanks to Helmut Grohne, I fixed yubihsm-connector to apply udev rules to existing devices when the package is installed.

As usual, bookworm-backports is up to date with all these changes.

Python team

setuptools 72.0.0 removed the venerable setup.py test command. This caused some fallout in Debian, some of which was quite non-obvious as packaging helpers sometimes fell back to different ways of running test suites that didn’t quite work. I fixed django-guardian, manuel, python-autopage, python-flask-seeder, python-pgpdump, python-potr, python-precis-i18n, python-stopit, serpent, straight.plugin, supervisor, and zope.i18nmessageid.

As usual for new language versions, the addition of Python 3.13 caused some problems. I fixed psycopg2, python-time-machine, and python-traits.

I fixed build/autopkgtest failures in keymapper, python-django-test-migrations, python-rosettasciio, routes, transmissionrpc, and twisted.

buildbot was in a bit of a mess due to being incompatible with SQLAlchemy 2.0. Fortunately by the time I got to it upstream had committed a workable set of patches, and the main difficulty was figuring out what to cherry-pick since they haven’t made a new upstream release with all of that yet. I figured this out and got us up to 4.0.3.

Adrian Bunk asked whether python-zipp should be removed from trixie. I spent some time investigating this and concluded that the answer was no, but looking into it was an interesting exercise anyway.

On the other hand, I looked into flask-appbuilder, concluded that it should be removed, and filed a removal request.

I upgraded some embedded CSS files in nbconvert.

I upgraded importlib-resources, ipywidgets, jsonpickle, pydantic-settings, pylint (fixing a test failure), python-aiohttp-session, python-apptools, python-asyncssh, python-django-celery-beat, python-django-rules, python-limits, python-multidict, python-persistent, python-pkginfo, python-rt, python-spur, python-zipp, stravalib, transmissionrpc, vulture, zodbpickle, zope.exceptions (adopting it), zope.i18nmessageid, zope.proxy, and zope.security to new upstream versions.

debmirror

The experimental and *-proposed-updates suites used to not have Contents-* files, and a long time ago debmirror was changed to just skip those files in those suites. They were added to the Debian archive some time ago, but debmirror carried on skipping them anyway. Once I realized what was going on, I removed these unnecessary special cases (#819925, #1080168).

It’s been a while since I posted here – I kind of lost momentum over the summer (which is a busy time with a school-aged child) and never really picked it up again.

Anyway, I wanted to write a quick post to tell people that I won two awards at the British Cartographic Society awards ceremony a few weeks ago.

They were both for my British Placename Mapper web app, which is described in more detail in this blog post. If you haven’t seen it already, I strongly recommend you check it out.

I won a Highly Commended certificate in the Avenza Award for Electronic Mapping, and the First Prize trophy for the Ordnance Survey Award (for any map using OS data).

The certificates came in a lovely frame, and the trophy is enormous – about 30cm high and weighing over 3kg!

Here’s the trophy:

I was presented with the trophy at the BCS Annual Conference in London, but they very kindly offered to keep the trophy to save me carrying it across London on my wheelchair and back on the train, so they invited me to Ordnance Survey last week to be presented with it again. I had a lovely time at OS – including 30 minutes with their Director General/CEO and was formally presented with my trophy again (standing in front of the first ever Ordnance Survey map!):

Full information on the BCS awards are available on their website and I strongly recommend submitting any appropriate maps you’ve made for next year’s awards. I need to get my thinking cap on for next year’s entry…

Hello October. I've been trying to do the GPG signing from Debconf but my backlog of stuff is in my way.

The DropTimes extends heartfelt gratitude to the volunteers who helped provide in-depth coverage of DrupalCon Barcelona 2024. Their coordination, content sourcing, and media contributions made it possible to keep the Drupal community informed and engaged throughout the event.

  

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.12.7:

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3127/

 This is the seventh maintenance release of Python 3.12

Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.7 is the latest maintenance release, containing more than 100 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.6.

 Major new features of the 3.12 series, compared to 3.11 New features

• More flexible f-string parsing, allowing many things previously disallowed (PEP 701).
• Support for the buffer protocol in Python code (PEP 688).
• A new debugging/profiling API (PEP 669).
• Support for isolated subinterpreters with separate Global Interpreter Locks (PEP 684).
• Even more improved error messages. More exceptions potentially caused by typos now make suggestions to the user.
• Support for the Linux perf profiler to report Python function names in traces.
• Many large and small performance improvements (like PEP 709 and support for the BOLT binary optimizer), delivering an estimated 5% overall performance improvement.

Type annotations

• New type annotation syntax for generic classes (PEP 695).
• New override decorator for methods (PEP 698).

Deprecations

• The deprecated wstr and wstr_length members of the C implementation of unicode objects were removed, per PEP 623.
• In the unittest module, a number of long deprecated methods and classes were removed. (They had been deprecated since Python 3.1 or 3.2).
• The deprecated smtpd and distutils modules have been removed (see PEP 594 and PEP 632. The setuptools package continues to provide the distutils module.
• A number of other old, broken and deprecated functions, classes and methods have been removed.
• Invalid backslash escape sequences in strings now warn with SyntaxWarning instead of DeprecationWarning, making them more visible. (They will become syntax errors in the future.)
• The internal representation of integers has changed in preparation for performance enhancements. (This should not affect most users as it is an internal detail, but it may cause problems for Cython-generated code.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.12, see What’s new in Python 3.12.

 More resources

• Online Documentation.
• PEP 693, the Python 3.12 Release Schedule.
• Report bugs via GitHub Issues.
• Help fund Python directly or via GitHub Sponsors, and support the Python community.

 Enjoy the new releases

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

The End is here!

The long journey of GSoC (which got streched into 16 weeks) is nearing to an end. And in this blog, I will share a few of the things I have done, and some of the things I have left to do. Let’s start with the main works.

Snap KCM! It’s here!

I have finally succeeded to create a KCM for snaps. This is written using C++, Qt (Qml), Kirigami, Snapd-Glib Api. The flow is something like this

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.13 release candidate 3 (instead of the expected final release).

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3130rc3/

 

This is the final release candidate of Python 3.13.0

This release, 3.13.0rc3, is the final release preview (no really) of 3.13. This release is expected to become the final 3.13.0 release, barring any critical bugs being discovered. The official release of 3.13.0 is now scheduled for Monday, 2024-10-07.

This extra, unplanned release candidate exists because of a couple of last minute issues, primarily a significant performance regression in specific workloads due to the incremental cyclic garbage collector (introduced in the alpha releases). We decided to roll back the garbage collector change in 3.13 (and continuing work in 3.14 to improve it), apply a number of other important bug fixes, and roll out a new release candidate.

There will be no ABI changes from this point forward in the 3.13 series (and there haven't been any since the beta releases).

Call to action

We strongly encourage maintainers of Python projects to prepare their projects for 3.13 compatibilities during this phase, and where necessary publish Python 3.13 wheels on PyPI to be ready for the final release of 3.13.0. Any binary wheels built against Python 3.13.0rc1 and later will work with future versions of Python 3.13. As always, report any issues to the Python bug tracker.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and while it’s as close to the final release as we can get it, its use is not recommended for production environments.

Core developers: time to work on documentation now

• Are all your changes properly documented?
• Are they mentioned in What’s New?
• Did you notice other changes you know of to have insufficient documentation?

 Major new features of the 3.13 series, compared to 3.12

Some of the new major new features and changes in Python 3.13 are:

New features

• A new and improved interactive interpreter, based on PyPy’s, featuring multi-line editing and color support, as well as colorized exception tracebacks.
• An experimental free-threaded build mode, which disables the Global Interpreter Lock, allowing threads to run more concurrently. The build mode is available as an experimental feature in the Windows and macOS installers as well.
• A preliminary, experimental JIT, providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
• The locals() builtin function (and its C equivalent) now has well-defined semantics when mutating the returned mapping, which allows debuggers to operate more consistently.
• A modified version of mimalloc is now included, optional but enabled by default if supported by the platform, and required for the free-threaded build mode.
• Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
• The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.
• The minimum supported macOS version was changed from 10.9 to 10.13 (High Sierra). Older macOS versions will not be supported going forward.
• WASI is now a Tier 2 supported platform. Emscripten is no longer an officially supported platform (but Pyodide continues to support Emscripten).
• iOS is now a Tier 3 supported platform
• Android is now a Tier 3 supported platform as well.

Typing

• Support for type defaults in type parameters.
• A new type narrowing annotation, typing.TypeIs.
• A new annotation for read-only items in TypeDicts.
• A new annotation for marking deprecations in the type system.

Removals and new deprecations

• PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
• Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
• C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 were reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)
• New deprecations, most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Thomas know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.13, see What’s new in Python 3.13. The next release of Python 3.13 will be the official 3.13.0 release, currently scheduled for Monday, 2024-10-07.

 More resources

• Online Documentation
• PEP 719, 3.13 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at Issues · python/cpython · GitHub.
• Help fund Python directly (or via GitHub Sponsors), and support the Python community.

 Enjoy the new releases

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Your release team,

Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

In this quiz, you’ll test your understanding of List Comprehension in Python.

By working through this quiz, you’ll revisit how to rewrite loops as list comprehensions, how to choose when to use list comprehensions, how you can use conditional logic in your comprehensions, and how to profile your code to resolve performance questions.

[ Improve Your Python With 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 – Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. >> Click here to learn more and see examples ]

DrupalCon is the biannual conference where leaders in Drupal gather to coordinate, collaborate and present the latest developments in digital and web technologies. This week 1xINTERNET attended DrupalCon Barcelona in full force. But this conference was like none before it, this was Starshots World Premier and it exceeded all expectations.

Another short status update of what happened on my side last month. Besides the usual amount of housekeeping last month was a lot about getting old issues resolved by finishing some stale merge requests and work in pogress MRs. I also pushed out the Phosh 0.42.0 Release

phosh

• Mark mobile-data quick setting as insensitive when modem is off (MR)
• Document handler naming (MR)
• Phosh 0.41.1 (MR)
• Phosh 0.42~rc1 (MR)
• Phosh 0.42.0 (MR)
• Handle per app notification enable setting (MR) (a 3y old MR cleaned up and out of the way)
• Use parent's icon if child doesn't have one (MR (another 1y old MR moved out of draft status)
• Fix Rust build and upcoming events .plugin file (MR)
• Lint markdown (MR)
• Sanitize versions as this otherwise breaks the libphosh-rs build (MR)
• lockscreen: Swap deck and carousel to avoid triggering the plugins page when entering pin and let the lockscreen shrink to smaller sizes (MR) (two more year old usability issues out of the way)
• Let bitfield values end up in the docs again (MR)
• Don't focus incorrect app on launch (MR). This could happen with apps like calls that run a daemon (and needs more work for a clean solution).
• Continue with wallpaper MR (MR) (still draft)
• Brush up and land an old MR to avoid crashes on scale changes (MR). Another five month old MR out of the way.
• API version the shared library (MR)
• Ensure we send enough feedback when phone is blanked/locked (MR). This should be way easier now for apps as they don't need to do anything and we can avoid duplicate feedback sent from e.g. Chatty.
• Fix possible use after free when activating notifications on the lock screen (MR)

phoc

• Simplify layer-surface creation / destruction (MR)
• Don't lose preedit when switching applications, opening menus, etc (MR). This fixes the case (e.g. with word completion in phosh-osk-stub enabled) where it looks to the user as if the last typed word would get lost when switching from a text editor to another app or when opening a menu
• Ease focus debugging (MR)
• Release 0.42~rc1 (MR)
• Release 0.42.0 (MR)
• Mention examples in docs and check more things (MR)

phosh-mobile-settings

• Release 0.42~rc1 (MR)
• Release 0.42 (MR)
• Update ci-fairy (MR)

libphosh-rs

• Update Phosh-0.gir with above phosh fixes to unbreak the build (MR)
• Rework to work with API versioned libphosh (MR)

phosh-osk-stub

• Add paste button to easy pasting text (MR)
• Add copy button (draft) (MR)
• Fix word salad with presage completer when entering cursor navigation mode (and in some other cases) (MR 1). Presage has the best completion but was marked experimental due to that.
• Submit preedit on changes to terminal and emoji layout (MR)
• Enable hint based completion by default (MR)
• Release 0.42~r1 (MR)
• Release 0.42.0 (MR)

phosh-wallpapers

• Add sound for cellbroadcast (MR)
• Release 0.42.0 (MR)

meta-phosh

• Weekly image builds of nightly packages are now built in CI and uploaded.
• Handle Fixes: tag in git commit messages as well (MR)
• Let release prep handle non-RC versions as well (MR)
• Add common markdown linter job (MR)

Debian

• Update wlr-randr (MR)
• Upload libqmi developement snapshot (MR) (Helps eSIM and CellBroadcast)
• Update phosh to not crash with GSD from GNOME 47 (MR)
• Fix systemd unit path in calls (MR)
• Package wikietractor (MR)

ModemManager

• More work on Cell Broadcast so we can finally undraft (MR)

Calls

• Check consistency when building releases (MR
• Object life cycle fixes (MR)
• Use DBus activation (MR). This ensures it spawns quickly rather than phosh's splash screen timing out.

bluez

• Add user unit for mpris proxy so it works out of the box (Patch) and one can skip e.g. songs in a cars media unit

gnome-text-editor

• Wrap info-bar more (MR) to fit smalls screens
• Forward metainfo/desktop file updates from Mobian (MR) (patch originally by Arnaud Ferraris)

feedbackd

• Add udev rule to support haptic on Oneplus Fajita / Enchilada's (non-mailine driver) (MR)
• Support alert-slider on OnePlus 6/6T (MR. Based on a script by "isyourbrain foss".
• Release 0.5.0 (MR)
• Improve spec a bit regarding notification events (MR)

Chatty

• Don't send feedback for notifications (MR). The notification daemon does this already.
• Add event for cellbroadcast messages (MR)
• Switch to DBus activation (MR). This ensures the compositor sees the activation token and is will be useful for unified push.
• Don't let scroll_down button take focus (MR). This prevents the OSK from folding when the text view is focused and ones scrolls to the bottom.
• Use revealer to show/hide scroll_down button (MR) - just to make the visual more appealing
• Unbreak messge display (MR)
• Unbreak application icon (MR)
• Drop special preedit handling (MR).

libcall-ui

• Drop margin so we can fit on smaller screens (MR). This helps phosh on lower effective resolutions.
• Backport margin patch (MR)

glib

• Fix doc formatting for g_input_stream_read_all* (MR)

wlr-protocols

• Add toplevel responsiveness state (MR) so phosh can inform about unresponsive apps

git-buildpackage

• Modernize docs to use debian/latest instead of debian/sid (commit, commit).
• Use pytest instead of nose as test runner (MR)
• Release 0.9.35

iio-sensor-proxy

• Unbreak and modernize CI a bit (MR). A passing CI is so much more motivating for contributers and reviewers.

Fotema

• Fix app-id and hence the icon shown in Phosh's overview (MR)

Help Development

If you want to support my work see donations. This includes a list of hardware we want to improve support for. Thanks a lot to all current and past donors.

We are happy to announce the release of Qt Creator 14.0.2!

Programmes like Season of KDE (SoK) and Google Summer of Code (GSoC) provide a great opportunity for young talent to become part of the open source community and contribute to open source projects. LabPlot, and KDE in general, has a long history and experience in managing GSoC projects and has benefited from various contributions. In recent years we have taken a break from GSoC, mostly due to personal reasons and time constraints. After a successful SoK 2024 programme this year we decided to participate in GSoC2024 again.

This year we had Israel Gladima and Kuntal Bar who spent 3 months with us working on quite challenging projects aimed at addressing two major feature gaps in LabPlot, namely Python scripting and visualisation of 3D data. These two development topics had already been the subject of several discussions and even initial implementations on our part, but we never managed to finalise them and make these features available to our users. Based on the already available results of the last years’ work, we decided to re-initiate these projects and work on them during GSoC2024. Despite the technical challenges and complexity of these projects, Kuntal and Israel did a very good job this summer and delivered amazing results.

We refer you to their blog posts here and here for more details of the work that has been done. In the coming weeks and months we’ll continue to work to finalise these features and get them ready for the first release. The LabPlot team would like to thank Israel and Kuntal and we’re looking forward to your contributions in the future!

Translating a Qt application, can be a daunting task. This is an overview from Qt 5 to Qt 6 and what new functionality Qt 6.7 brings.

Continue reading Translating Qt Applications at basysKom GmbH.

During the last month we mainly focus on bug fixes, behaviour improvements of several things and speeding-up performance issues stepping forward to our next release 7.4 scheduled to the 4th of November. We also added some new features which we would like to introduce to you in this newsletter.

For an in depth overview of the Tryton issues please take a look at our issue tracker or see the issues and merge requests filtered by label.

Changes for the User Sales, Purchases and Projects

We add a new sale reporting per promotion.

We add now a relate from promotions to their sales.

We improved the exception handling wizards on sales and purchases. We added two fields to let the user explicitly fill with the records to ignore or to re-create.
Any cancelled record that is not added to one of the fields, will stay in exception state to be proceeded later. Also we changed the view between a MultiSelection to a Many2Many field depending on the number of records in the exception state.

Now, Tryton doesn’t add extra lines on sale orders for inactive products. Also Tryton does no longer recommend inactive products.

We removed the Menu: Parties → Parties → Parties Associated to Sales/Purchases entries, because the result is not limited to sales or purchases in state validated or processing. A draft, quotation or cancelled order doesn’t qualify a party as a customer or supplier. The functionality is already replaced by the reports in Menu: Sales → Reporting → Sales, Sales per Customer and Menu: Purchases → Reporting → Purchases, Purchases per Supplier which adds the ability to filter per state and per period.

Accounting, Invoicing and Payments

Now we re-launch the update of the payment customer for Stripe and Braintree in case it failed. Also the users can manually initiate the update process.

Stock, Production and Shipments

Now we round up weights and the other measurements to two decimals for the shipping carriers DPD, Sendcloud and UPS.

We make package measurements read-only once they are closed.

User Interface

We remove the favourite management from the favourite menu, because of
several issues [1] [2] and duplicated functionality.

Now we group links with a similar functional scope together.

In Menu: Administration → User Interface the entries

• View Tree Widths,
• View Tree Optionals,
• View Tree States and
• View Searches

are moved to the Open related records toolbar-menu of Menu: Administration → Models → Models.

We improve the widget for MultiSelection fields in the Tryton clients by adding checkboxes which display the selection state of the row. If the users clicks on a row, the selection state will be changed.

Now we visually remove records from Many2Many fields used in Wizard instead of greying them out.

We keep the CSV export dialogue now opened after exporting, to have a better user experience when fixing bugs, export and again fixing bugs.

Since we moved the functionality from product_price_list_dates to product_price_list, you can open price list lines in a new tab to be able to filtering, search or import import them.

New Documentation or Naming

We improved and unified the stock action naming and re-worked documentation:

• Rename “Product Quantities By Warehouse” into “Stock Quantities By Warehouse.”
• Remove “Lots By Warehouse” relate as the same view can be opened from the stock location relate.
• Rename prefix “Locations Quantity” to “Stock Locations”.
• Document viewing stock levels of lots.
• Rename “Products by Locations” into “Products”, as the locations are added to the tab name, there is no need to specify.

New Releases

We released bug fixes for the currently maintained long term support series
7.0 and 6.0, and for the penultimate series 7.2.

Security

Please update your systems to take care of a security related bug we found last month: trytond allows to execute reports for records for which the user has no read access and also for reports limited to a set of groups that the user is not member of.

Changes for the System Administrator

Now we use a random value for cron next call field when no value is defined.

Now we log the last cron scheduler runs and their durations. A new cron task periodically cleans the log entries. The new cron-section configuration variable clean_days (default 30) sets this period.

Changes for Implementers and Developers

The Tryton view-tests now check for some more attributes like sequence and on_write in tree-views or dtstart and dtend in calendar-views.

Now we unify the term “email”, as it is now the most common and recommended form.

We add to all “cost”-terms a “sale”-suffix in sale shipment cost fields to improve the naming convention and to avoid collisions or misinterpretations.

Authors: @dave @pokoli @udono

1 post - 1 participant

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"Teamwork makes the dream work" – and that’s especially true for marketing, sales, and operations. When these teams are aligned, you deliver consistent messaging and improve customer experience. The result? Faster conversions and greater efficiency. How do you make this happen? By integrating your CMS with your CRM! So if you have a Drupal website and you use a CRM like Salesforce, you must bring them together. With this integration you can connect your website with your favorite CRM and share customer data across teams. Marketing knows what leads are coming in, sales can act on them quickly, and operations ensure a flawless delivery. Everyone's on the same page, and things move faster! If you’re looking to sync data with your Salesforce instance automatically, this blog is the perfect starting point for you. We will be using the Salesforce Suite module to help you understand the integration in this blogpost. But first, let us give a brief overview of Salesforce integration and its benefits. What is Salesforce Salesforce is a leading cloud-based enterprise customer relationship management system. It makes it easy for businesses to track customer activity which helps effectively manage sales, analytics, customer service, marketing automation, and many more. Salesforce-Drupal integration use cases Drupal websites have the advantage of integrating seamlessly with third-party systems. In fact, Drupal offers several modules to make these integrations smooth. The main goal of a CRM system integration with Drupal is to have seamless data transfer between the systems and make some meaningful decisions using the data from both ends. Now, let us see where and what are the specific use cases in the business this integration is required: User activities tracking: The activities such as page views, interactions, downloads, etc. can be captured and analyzed by the CRM to create personalized user segments. Lead Generation: You can have lead generation forms, for example, contact forms and webforms to send the user information to the CRM that can be analyzed. Commerce Sites: The user's order history, account information, and product interaction can be displayed in a dashboard. Product Suggestions: Personalized recommendations can be created on the website based on the user activities on the CRM Sales Opportunities: Lead generation forms can be converted into sales or business opportunities. Consolidated data: You can have sync user profiles between the CRM and CMS for a more complete view. Benefits of integrating Salesforce and Drupal Integrating Drupal with Salesforce brings a lot of benefits. Here are a few: Enhanced customer engagement: With data synchronization, the customer data is regularly updated, providing timely information on user actions and preferences. We can have faster issue resolution processes, and better custom responses, and as a result, we will have improved customer service. Easier data management: With the integration, there is no need to transfer customer data between CMS and CRM, which otherwise happens by copying and pasting the data. All relevant data is readily available to businesses to make decisions. Collaboration between departments: Thanks to the CRM integration, accurate, comprehensive, and timely data is shared among various departments, minimizing the risk of data discrepancies. The communication within the departments will be better and communication of all the departments with the customers will be more consistent and aligned. Actionable insights: With the consolidated data present in the CRM and website, the business has a comprehensive understanding of customers' needs and preferences. This gives valuable insights for personalized and targeted marketing campaigns. The Salesforce Suite Drupal module This module is the most robust and reliable tool for integrating Drupal with Salesforce CRM, making it an ideal starting point for your integration. The module created a seamless integration between Drupal and Salesforce that synchronizes Salesforce objects, such as Contacts and Accounts, with Drupal entities, such as nodes, terms, and users. Prerequisites for the integration: Create a salesforce developer account. You can either start from https://developer.salesforce.com/signup or use this video to create one. Create a New Salesforce Connected App for authentication purposes. Add the API settings for JWT auth or basic auth, Download and install the Salesforce Suite module into the Drupal site. Enable the required module for integration. The Salesforce Suite module features various submodules that perform different tasks. Let’s see a few modules which are generally used: Salesforce Integration: Maintains integration between Salesforce and Drupal Salesforce OAuth: For Basic OAuth authorization Salesforce JWT Auth: Provides functionality for key-based authentication system for Salesforce Salesforce Mapping and UI: Provides mapping interface to map Drupal entities to Salesforce objects. Salesforce Push & Salesforce Pull: Provides functionalities to have data sync between Salesforce and Drupal based on the mappings created.  Salesforce Logger: Consolidated logger for logging Salesforce events. Salesforce Authorization There are two commonly used techniques within the Salesforce suite module for Drupal-Salesforce Authentication i.e Basic User Agent oAuth & JWT based oAuth. Setting up of the Salesforce-Drupal authorization can be divided to two steps as mentioned below: Step 1. Salesforce Connected App Setup a Connected App on Salesforce instance Login to Salesforce, navigate to Setup → Platform Tools → Apps → App Manager → New Connected App. This navigation path is applicable only,  if you are using lightning experience UI on the salesforce If you are using Salesforce class UI, navigate to Setup → Manage Apps → Connected Apps → New In the new connected App, there are some basic settings like names and contact details to be provided. In the API settings section: Check the “Enable oAuth Settings” checkbox. Add the callback URL for the site, site_url/salesforce/oauth_callback Select the OAuth Scopes, we need to select the four mandatory scopes: Full access (full) Manage user data via APIs (api) Manage user data via Web browsers (web) Perform request at anytime (refresh_token, offline_access) Save the connected App Gather the salesforce key and secret details as they are needed to configure in the Drupal website for successfully establishing the connection. If you want to use JWT based authentication, there are few more steps to be followed while creating the Connected App Generate the public/private key using the below command openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout privatekey.pem -x509 -days 365 -out publickey.pem The private key “privatekey.pem” must be added in Drupal as an authentication key in the key settings page. Login into Drupal as admin, navigate to “admin/config/system/keys”. In the Drupal keys configuration page, make sure to select "File" as the "Key provider" dropdown. Check the "Strip trailing line breaks" checkbox in the "Provider settings" tab, and specify the right path for “privatekey.pem” The public key “publickey.pem” must be uploaded on salesforce. On the connected App, all the basic settings as mentioned in the above section remain the same. Additionally, we must do the following in the API settings: Check the “Use digital signatures” checkbox The public key “publickey.pem” must be uploaded using the “Choose File” button.   Save the connected App. Gather the salesforce key and secret details as they are needed to configure in the Drupal website for successfully establishing the connection. Step 2. Connecting the app on Drupal Once the Authorization is completed on Salesforce and we have the consumer key, secret details, we can start configuring the connection on the Drupal site Login as admin on Drupal website Navigate to Configuration → Salesforce → Salesforce Authorization or visit “admin/config/salesforce/authorize” This page will list all the providers that exist in our Drupal website. Click on “Add Salesforce Auth Provider” button As mentioned in the above section, we have two different “Auth providers”: Salesforce OAuth User-Agent:   Add the Label, consumer key and consumer secret and save the form This will redirect the user to salesforce login and post doing auth activities on the salesforce it will return to Drupal screen with successful established connection. Salesforce JWT OAuth Add the Label, consumer key and login user. Select the private key that we have added while generating the keys. Save the form. On save, it will redirect to the auth providers page with a successful established connection. Salesforce Mappings On successful authorization, we must tell both Drupal and Salesforce how to talk to each other. Please find the steps to below: Login as admin into your Drupal site Head to Salesforce mappings page, Structure → Salesforce → Salesforce Mappings Click on “Add Mapping” to map a new one Fill in the basic information, add the Drupal entity and select the Salesforce object to sync the data. Add the action triggers on which the sync has to take place Once the basic settings are set we head on the field mapping screen where we map Drupal entity fields to Salesforce object properties. We must set the direction in which the field data sync has to take place. We have three different sync mechanisms; “Drupal to SF”, “SF to Drupal” and  “Sync” After setting up mappings to all the fields, save the mapping After the authorization and mappings are set up properly, each time the cron runs, if a new record is added, an existing record is updated, or a record is deleted, the data will be synced between Drupal and Salesforce according to the direction and trigger selected in the mappings. Final thoughts This is just the basic guide for integrating Drupal with Salesforce. There's a lot more you can do, like customizing queries for specific use cases. No matter what you need, Drupal allows for seamless implementation. By integrating Salesforce CRM with Drupal, you can enhance your customer management workflows, streamline operations, and boost overall efficiency. If you're ready to kick off your next big integration, reach out to our Drupal development company, and one of our experts will guide you every step of the way.

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Welcome to the *Free Software Supporter*, the Free Software Foundation's (FSF) monthly news digest and action update -- being read by you and **231,236** other activists.

Welcome to the *Free Software Supporter*, the Free Software Foundation's (FSF) monthly news digest and action update -- being read by you and **231,236** other activists.