@proceedings {1897,
	title = {Understanding the Effects of Practices on KDE Ecosystem Health},
	volume = {496},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {89-100},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {Open source software ecosystems have adjusted and evolved a set of practices over the years to support the delivery of sustainable software. However, few studies have investigated the impacts of such practices on the health of these ecosystems. In this paper, we present the results of an ethnographic-based study conducted during the Latin-American KDE users and contributors meeting (LaKademy 2015) with the goal of collecting practices used within the KDE ecosystem and understanding how they affect ecosystem health. The analysis was based on softgoal interdependency graphs adapted to represent practices and relate them to non-functional requirements and goals. Our results provide a preliminary insight to understand how KDE ecosystem community interacts, which working practices have been adopted and how they affect ecosystem health.

},
	keywords = {Ethnographic studies, Open source software ecosystems, Software ecosystem health, Software practices},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_10},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_10},
	author = {Simone da Silva Amorim and John D. McGregor and Eduardo Santana de Almeida and Christina von Flach Garcia Chavez}
}
@proceedings {1917,
	title = {Understanding the Impressions, Motivations, and Barriers of One Time Code Contributors to FLOSS Projects: A Survey},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {187-197},
	abstract = {Successful Free/Libre Open Source Software
(FLOSS) projects must attract and retain high-quality talent.
Researchers have invested considerable effort in the study of
core and peripheral FLOSS developers. To this point, one critical
subset of developers that have not been studied are One-Time
code Contributors (OTC) {\textendash} those that have had exactly one patch
accepted. To understand why OTCs have not contributed another
patch and provide guidance to FLOSS projects on retaining
OTCs, this study seeks to understand the impressions, motivations,
and barriers experienced by OTCs. We conducted an online
survey of OTCs from 23 popular FLOSS projects. Based on the
184 responses received, we observed that OTCs generally have
positive impressions of their FLOSS project and are driven by a
variety of motivations. Most OTCs primarily made contributions
to fix bugs that impeded their work and did not plan on becoming
long term contributors. Furthermore, OTCs encounter a number
of barriers that prevent them from continuing to contribute to the
project. Based on our findings, there are some concrete actions
FLOSS projects can take to increase the chances of converting
OTCs into long-term contributors.},
	keywords = {newcomers, One Time Contributors, Qualitative Research, Survey},
	author = {Amanda Lee and Carver, Jeffrey C. and Bosu, Amiangshu}
}
@proceedings {1900,
	title = {Understanding When to Adopt a Library: A Case Study on ASF Projects},
	volume = {496},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {128-138},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {Software libraries are widely used by both industrial and open source client projects. Ideally, a client user of a library should adopt the latest version that the library project releases. However, sometimes the latest version is not better than a previous version. This is because the latest version may include additional developer effort to test and integrate all changed features. In this study, our main goal is to better understand the relationship between adoption of library versions and its release cycle. Specifically, we conducted an empirical study of release cycles for 23 libraries and how they were adopted by 415 Apache Software Foundation (ASF) client projects. Our findings show that software projects are quicker to update earlier rapid-release libraries compared to library projects with a longer release cycle. Moreover, results suggest that software projects are more likely to adopt the latest version of a rapid-release library compared to libraries with a longer release cycles.},
	keywords = {adoption, apache, apache software foundation, libraries},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_13},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_13},
	author = {Ihara, Akinori and Daiki Fujibayashi and Hirohiko Suwa and Raula Gaikovina Kula and Kenichi Matsumoto}
}
@proceedings {1918,
	title = {Using Gamification to Orient and Motivate Students to Contribute to OSS Projects},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {36-42},
	abstract = {Students can benefit from contributing to Open Source Software (OSS), since they can enrich their portfolio and learn with real world projects. However, sometimes students are demotivated to contribute due to entrance barriers. On the other hand, gamification is widely used to engage and motivate people to accomplish tasks and improve their performance. The goal of this work is to analyze the use of gamification to orient and motivate undergraduate students to overcome onboarding barriers and engage to OSS projects. To achieve this goal, we implemented four gaming elements (Quests, Points, Ranking, and Levels) in GitLab and assessed the environment by means of a study conducted with 17 students within a real OSS project (JabRed). At the end of the study, the students evaluated their experience through a questionnaire. We found that the Quest element helped to guide participants and keep them motivated and points helped by providing feedback on students{\textquoteright} performed tasks. We conclude that the gamified environment oriented the students in an attempt to make a contribution and that gamification can motivate and orient newcomers{\textquoteright} to engage to OSS projects. },
	keywords = {engagement, gamification, MOTIVATION, newcomers, students},
	author = {Guilherme C. Diniz and Marco A. Graciotto Silva and Marco Gerosa and Steinmacher, Igor}
}
@conference {Izquierdo-Cortazar:2017:UMT:3084226.3084247,
	title = {Using Metrics to Track Code Review Performance},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering},
	series = {EASE{\textquoteright}17},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {214{\textendash}223},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {During 2015, some members of the Xen Project Advisory Board became worried about the performance of their code review process. The Xen Project is a free, open source software project developing one of the most popular virtualization platforms in the industry. They use a pre-commit peer review process similar to that in the Linux kernel, based on email messages. They had observed a large increase over time in the number of messages related to code review, and were worried about how this could be a signal of problems with their code review process.

To address these concerns, we designed and conducted, with their continuous feedback, a detailed analysis focused on finding these problems, if any. During the study, we dealt with the methodological problems of Linux-like code review, and with the deeper issue of finding metrics that could uncover the problems they were worried about. For having a benchmark, we run the same analysis on a similar project, which uses very similar code review practices: the Linux Netdev (Netdev) project. As a result, we learned how in fact the Xen Project had some problems, but at the moment of the analysis those were already under control. We found as well how different the Xen and Netdev projects were behaving with respect to code review performance, despite being so similar from many points of view.

In this paper we show the results of both analyses, and propose a comprehensive methodology, fully automated, to study Linux-style code review. We discuss also the problems of getting significant metrics to track improvements or detect problems in this kind of code review.},
	keywords = {code review, data mining, Software development analytics},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-4804-1},
	doi = {10.1145/3084226.3084247},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3084226.3084247},
	author = {Izquierdo-Cortazar, Daniel and Sekitoleko, Nelson and Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona and Kurth, Lars}
}
@booklet {1709,
	title = {Understanding and Supporting the Choice of an Appropriate Task to Start With In Open Source Software Communities },
	howpublished = {Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 48},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {5299-5308},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) projects leverage the
contribution of outsiders. In fact, the sustainability of
many projects relies on retaining some of these
newcomers. Usually these communities do not
coordinate the work of the newcomers, who go to the
issue trackers and self-select a task to start with. We
found that {\textquotedblleft}finding a way to start{\textquotedblright} was reported as an
important issue by practitioners. To further investigate
this specific barrier, we conducted a qualitative
analysis with data obtained from semi-structured
interviews with 36 subjects from 14 different projects,
including newcomers and experienced members. We
used procedures of Grounded Theory {\textendash} open and axial
coding {\textendash} to analyze the data. We found that newcomers
are not confident enough to choose their initial task
and they need information about the tasks or direction
from the community to support choosing a task more
suitable for them. We also present a set of strategies
identified in the literature, interviews, and state-of-the practice
that can provide newcomers with such
information, enabling them to be more confident when
choosing their first tasks and collaborate with the
community. },
	keywords = {coordination, joining process, new developer, newcomers, onboarding, open source software, task selection},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/HICSS-48_present.pdf},
	author = {Steinmacher, Igor and Conte, Tayana and Gerosa, MarcoAur{\'e}lio}
}
@proceedings {export:232407,
	title = {The Uniqueness of Changes: Characteristics and Applications},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	abstract = {Changes in software development come in many forms. Some changes are frequent, idiomatic, or repetitive (e.g. adding checks for nulls or logging important values) while others are unique. We hypothesize that unique changes are different from the more common similar (or non-unique) changes in important ways; they may require more expertise or represent code that is more complex or prone to mistakes. As such, these changes are worthy of study. In this paper, we present a definition of unique changes and provide a method for identifying them in software project history. Based on the results of applying our technique on the Linux kernel and two large projects at Microsoft, we present an empirical study of unique changes. We explore how prevalent unique changes are and characterize where they occur along the architecture of the project. We further investigate developers{\textquoteright} contribution towards uniqueness of changes. We also describe potential applications of leveraging the uniqueness of change and implement two such applications, evaluating the risk of changes based on uniqueness and providing change recommendations for non-unique changes.},
	keywords = {linux kernel},
	url = {http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=232407},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/MSR-TR-2014-149.pdf},
	author = {Ray, Baishakhi and Meiyappan Nagappan and Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan and Zimmermann, Thomas}
}
@proceedings {1754,
	title = {Unveiling Exception Handling Bug Hazards in Android based on GitHub and Google Code Issues},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	abstract = {This paper reports on a study mining the exception
stack traces included in 159,048 issues reported on Android
projects hosted in GitHub (482 projects) and Google Code (157
projects). The goal of this study is to investigate whether stack
trace information can reveal bug hazards related to exception
handling code that may lead to a decrease in application robustness.
Overall 6,005 exception stack traces were extracted,
and subjected to source code and bytecode analysis. The outcomes
of this study include the identification of the following
bug hazards: (i) unexpected cross-type exception wrappings (for
instance, trying to handle an instance of OutOfMemoryError
{\textquotedblleft}hidden{\textquotedblright} in a checked exception) which can make the exceptionrelated
code more complex and negatively impact the application
robustness; (ii) undocumented runtime exceptions thrown by both
the Android platform and third party libraries; and (iii) undocumented
checked exceptions thrown by the Android Platform.
Such undocumented exceptions make difficult, and most of the
times infeasible for the client code to protect against {\textquotedblleft}unforeseen{\textquotedblright}
situations that may happen while calling third-party code. This
study provides further insights on such bug hazards and the
robustness threats they impose to Android apps as well as to
other systems based on the Java exception model.},
	keywords = {github, google code},
	url = {http://www.gousios.gr/pub/android-stacks.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/android-stacks.pdf},
	author = {Roberta Coelho and Lucas Almeida and Gousios, Georgios and van Deursen, Arie}
}
@conference {zanjani2015developer,
	title = {Using Developer-Interaction Trails to Triage Change Requests},
	booktitle = {12th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2015)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {The paper presents an approach, namely iHDev, to recommend developers who are most likely to implement incoming change requests. The basic premise of iHDev is that the developers who interacted with the source code relevant to a given change request are most likely to best assist with its resolution. A machine-learning technique is first used to locate source-code entities relevant to the textual description of a given change request. iHDev then mines interaction trails (i.e., Mylyn sessions) associated with these source-code entities to recommend a ranked list of developers. iHDev integrates the interaction trails in a unique way to perform its task, which was not investigated previously. 
An empirical study on open source systems Mylyn and Eclipse Project was conducted to assess the effectiveness of iHDev. A number of change requests were used in the evaluated benchmark. Recall for top one to five recommended developers and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) values are reported. Furthermore, a comparative study with two previous approaches that use commit histories and/or the source-code authorship information for developer recommendation was performed. Results show that iHDev could provide a recall gain of up to 127.27\% with equivalent or improved MRR values by up to 112.5\%.},
	url = {http://www.cabird.com/wp/zanjani2015developer/},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/zanjani2015developer.pdf},
	author = {Motahareh Bahrami Zanjani and Kagdi, Huzefa and Christian Bird}
}
@proceedings {1786,
	title = {Utilization and Development Contribution of Open Source Software in Japanese IT Companies: An Exploratory Study of the Effect on Business Growth (2nd report based on 2014 survey)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {08/2015},
	abstract = {The usage of Open Source Software (OSS) has been extended in a
wide range of business fields not only IT industries. Behind this
current situation, there are tremendous inputs by the volunteer
engineers in the development communities. In this series of
studies, we have conducted questionnaire survey to Japanese IT
companies in 2012 and 2013, and then analyzed the relation
between OSS utilization and development contribution, and how
these affect the business growth. Our study revealed that Japanese
IT companies are rather free riders of OSS, the volume of
development contributions are far less than that of utilization.
From our previous studies, it was anticipated that some OSSrelated
factors were affecting the business growth; however, clear
evidence has not been found. In autumn 2014, we conducted the
questionnaire survey for the third time and this paper presents the
survey results as the second report of the continued research. We
constructed the simplified Logistic Model to investigate the
influential factors on business growth. However, no clear
evidence was found as the same as the previous study. In
summary, we conclude that there are some form of relationships
between OSS utilization and development contribution, but these
are not the determinant factors on the business growth in the
Japanese IT companies at present. },
	url = {http://www.opensym.org/os2015/proceedings-files/p102-tansho.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/p102-tansho.pdf},
	author = {Tansho, Terutaka and Noda, Tetsuo}
}
@mastersthesis {1641,
	title = {Understanding contributor behaviour within Free/Libre/Open Source Software communities: A socialization perspective},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Attracting a large number of new contributors has been seen as a way to ensure the survival, long-term success, and sustainability of Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities. However, this appears to be a necessary, but not a sufficient condition, as the well-being of FLOSS communities also relies on members performing behaviours that nurture and protect the community.
 Despite a large body of research on FLOSS communities, few studies have been undertaken to explore the influence of a participant{\textquoteright}s socialization experience on their contribution behaviour. In addition, there has been relatively little research that has adopted a community-level view of FLOSS community participants{\textquoteright} contribution that goes beyond the mere notion of writing lines of code.
 The purpose of this study is to develop and rigorously test a socialization model that predicts contributor behaviour in the FLOSS community context.
 Drawing upon theories of socialization and citizenship behaviours from organizational behaviour research, this research develops and tests two separate but related research models. The first model proposes the direct impact of socialization factors on two performance-related dependent variables: task performance and community citizenship behaviours. The second model hypothesizes a mediating effect of two proximal socialization variables, social identification and social integration, between the socialization factors and the dependent variables.
 An exploratory study involving eleven FLOSS community leaders, managers, and experienced members was first conducted, to investigate the key variables that characterize FLOSS community newcomer socialization experience as well as the various instances of citizenship behaviours that are specific to the FLOSS community context. The analysis of the interview data revealed the existence of six socialization variables: task segregation, task purposefulness, interaction intensity, mentoring, joining structuredness, and supportiveness. Two sets of FLOSS community citizenship behaviours (CCB) were identified drawing on the citizenship behaviour literature. The first set, labelled CCB-I, comprised citizenship behaviours directed towards the benefit of individuals. The second set, CCB-P, included citizenship behaviours directed towards the benefit of the project. The findings were integrated in the two conceptual models.
 Subsequently, a research instrument was developed, following an extensive purification process that consisted of card sorting and expert review rounds, and a survey pretest. A pilot study assessed responses from 46 FLOSS contributors from two large FLOSS communities. Overall, the scales demonstrated high reliability and showed adequate construct validity. The analysis of the pilot study suggested the existence of a third CCB dimension, named CCB-C, that characterizes citizenship behaviours that are oriented towards the benefit of a project{\textquoteright}s community.
 The main study was based on an online survey involving 327 respondents from twelve large FLOSS communities. Using Partial Least Squares (PLS), the collected data was used to test the two models. The results showed the overall superior predictive capability of the model hypothesizing the mediating effect of both social identification and social integration.
 Task performance was found to be directly predicted by task purposefulness as well as by interaction intensity and supportiveness through the mediation of social identification. Meanwhile, CCB was found to be impacted by the direct effect of task segregation and task purposefulness, and by interaction intensity and supportiveness through the mediation of both social identification and social integration. The existence of the third CCB dimension, CCB-C, was confirmed.},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10063/3378},
	author = {Carillo, Kevin Daniel Andre}
}
@article {1817,
	title = {Understanding Contributor to Developer Turnover Patterns in OSS Projects: A Case Study of Apache Projects},
	journal = {ISRN Software Engineering},
	volume = {201411},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {1 - 10},
	abstract = {OSS projects are dynamic in nature. Developers
contribute to a project for a certain period of time and later
leave the project or join other projects of high interest. Hence,
the OSS community always welcomes members who can attain
the role of a developer in a project. In this paper, we investigate
contributions made by members who have attained the role of
a developer. In particular, we study the contributions made by
the members in terms of bugs reported, comments on bugs,
source-code patch submissions, and their social relation with
other members of an OSS community. Further, we study the
significance of nondevelopers contribution and investigate if
and to what extent they play a role in the long-term survival
of an OSS project. Moreover, we investigate the ratio of
contributions made by a member before and after attaining
the role of a developer. We have outlined 4 research questions
in this regard and further discuss our findings based on the
research questions by taking into account data from software
repositories of 4 different Apache projects.},
	keywords = {apache},
	doi = {10.1155/2014/535724},
	author = {Iqbal, Aftab}
}
@conference {Teixeira:2014:UCO:2641580.2641627,
	title = {Understanding Coopetition in the Open-Source Arena: The Cases of WebKit and OpenStack},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of The International Symposium on Open Collaboration},
	series = {OpenSym {\textquoteright}14},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {39:1{\textendash}39:5},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {In an era of software crisis, the move of firms towards distributed software development teams is being challenged by emerging collaboration issues. On this matter, the open-source phenomenon may shed some light, as successful cases on distributed collaboration in the open-source community have been recurrently reported. In our research we explore collaboration networks in the WebKit and OpenStack high-networked open-source projects, by mining their source-code version-control-systems data with Social Network Analysis (SNA). Our approach allows us to observe how key events in the industry affect open-source collaboration networks over time. With our findings, we highlight the explanatory power from network visualizations capturing the collaborative dynamics of high-networked software projects over time. Moreover, we argue that competing companies that sell similar products in the same market, can collaborate in the open-source community while publicly manifesting intense rivalry (e.g. Apple vs Samsung patent-wars). After integrating our findings with the current body of theoretical knowledge in management strategy, economics, strategic alliances and coopetition, we propose the novel notion of open-coopetition, where rival firms collaborate with competitors in the open-source community. We argue that classical coopetition management theories do not fully explain the competitive and collaborative issues that are simultaneously present and interconnected in the WebKit and OpenStack open-source communities. We propose the development of the novel open-coopetition theory for a better understanding on how rival-firms collaborate with competitors by open-source manners.
},
	keywords = {COLLABORATION, Competition, Coopetition, Ecosystems, FLOSS, Open-Coopetition, open-source, OSS, Strategic Alliances},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-3016-9},
	doi = {10.1145/2641580.2641627},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2641580.2641627},
	author = {Teixeira, Jose}
}
@conference {Sheoran:2014:UWG:2597073.2597114,
	title = {Understanding "Watchers" on GitHub},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},
	series = {MSR 2014},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {336{\textendash}339},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Users on GitHub can watch repositories to receive notifications about project activity. This introduces a new type of passive project membership. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of watchers and their contribution to the projects they watch. We find that a subset of project watchers begin contributing to the project and those contributors account for a significant percentage of contributors on the project. As contributors, watchers are more confident and contribute over a longer period of time in a more varied way than other contributors. This is likely attributable to the knowledge gained through project notifications.
},
	keywords = {github, mining challenge, msr challenge, repositories, Software Teams, Watchers},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-2863-0},
	doi = {10.1145/2597073.2597114},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2597073.2597114},
	author = {Sheoran, Jyoti and Blincoe, Kelly and Kalliamvakou, Eirini and Damian, Daniela and Ell, Jordan}
}
@inbook {1622,
	title = {USB Device Management in GNU/Linux Systems},
	booktitle = {Open Source Software: Mobile Open Source Technologies},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology},
	volume = {427},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {218-225},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	abstract = {

Protecting the access to USB ports has the same priority for information security than firewalls and antivirus software. Nowadays there are some tools that allow us to monitor and regulate the access to USB devices, but all of them are distributed under proprietary licenses. This work presents an application that solves the mentioned problem: ?{\textquoteright}How controlling the access to USB mass storage devices in GNU/Linux Operating Systems?
},
	isbn = {978-3-642-55127-7},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_33},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_33},
	author = {Deroncel{\'e}, EdilbertoBlez and Fuentes, AllanPierra and Tejera Hern{\'a}ndez, DayanaCaridad and C{\'a}ceres Navarro, Haniel and F{\'\i}rvida Donest{\'e}vez, AbelAlfonso and Febles Parker, MichelEvaristo},
	editor = {Corral, Luis and Sillitti, Alberto and Succi, Giancarlo and Vlasenko, Jelena and Wasserman, AnthonyI.}
}
@inbook {1604,
	title = {Use of Open Software Tools for Data Offloading Techniques Analysis on Mobile Networks},
	booktitle = {Open Source Software: Mobile Open Source Technologies},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology},
	volume = {427},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {111-112},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	abstract = {

This research aims to highlight the benefits of using free software based tools for studying a LTE mobile network with realistic parameters. We will overload this LTE network and offload it through data offloading techniques such as small cells and WiFi offload. For this research, discreteevent open software network simulator ns3 will be implemented. Ns3 is a network simulator based on the programming language C++, and has all the necessary libraries to simulate an LTE and WiFi network.
},
	keywords = {Data Offloading, LTE, ns3, OSS for research and education, small cells, WiFi},
	isbn = {978-3-642-55127-7},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_15},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_15},
	author = {Koo, Jos{\'e}M. and Espino, JuanP. and Armuelles, Iv{\'a}n and Villarreal, Rub{\'e}n},
	editor = {Corral, Luis and Sillitti, Alberto and Succi, Giancarlo and Vlasenko, Jelena and Wasserman, AnthonyI.}
}
@article {1810,
	title = {Understanding How Companies Interact with Free Software Communities},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2013},
	month = {9/2013},
	pages = {38 - 45},
	abstract = {When free, open source software development communities work with companies that use their output, it{\textquoteright}s especially important for both parties to understand how this collaboration is performing. The use of data analytics techniques on software development repositories can improve factual knowledge about performance metrics.
},
	issn = {0740-7459},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2013.95},
	author = {Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona and Izquierdo-Cortazar, Daniel and Maffulli, Stefano and Gregorio Robles}
}
@proceedings {1504,
	title = {Understanding the Evolution of Type-3 Clones: An Exploratory Study },
	year = {2013},
	month = {05/2013},
	abstract = {Understanding the evolution of clones is important for both understanding the maintenance implications of clones and for building a robust clone management system. To this end, researchers have already conducted a number of studies to analyze the evolution of clones, mostly focusing on Type-1 and Type-2 clones. However, although there are a significant number of Type-3 clones in software systems, we know a little how they actually evolve. In this paper, we perform an exploratory study on the evolution of Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3 clones in six open source software systems written in two different programming languages and compare the result with a previous study to better understand the evolution of Type-3 clones. Our results show that although Type-3 clones are more likely to change inconsistently, the absolute number of consistently changed Type-3 clone classes is greater than that of Type-1 and Type-2. Type-3 clone classes also have a lifespan similar to that of Type-1 and Type-2 clones. In addition, a considerable number of Type-1 and Type-2 clones convert into Type-3 clones during evolution. Therefore, it is important to manage type-3 clones properly to limit their negative impact. However, various automated clone management techniques such as notifying developers about clone changes or linked editing should be chosen carefully due to the inconsistent nature of Type-3 clones.},
	author = {Ripon K. Saha and Chanchal K. Roy and Kevin A. Schneider and Perry, Dewayne E.}
}
@proceedings {1515,
	title = {Using Citation Influence to Predict Software Defects},
	year = {2013},
	month = {05/2013},
	abstract = {The software dependency network reflects structure and the developer contribution network reflects process. Previous studies have used social network properties over these networks to predict whether a software component is defect-prone. However, these studies do not consider the strengths of the dependencies in the networks. In our approach, we use a citation influence topic model to determine dependency strengths among components and developers, analyze weak and strong dependencies separately, and apply social network properties to predict defect-prone components. In experiments on Eclipse and NetBeans, our approach has higher accuracy than prior work.},
	keywords = {eclipse, netbeans, social network},
	author = {Wei Hu and Kenny Wong}
}
@proceedings {1492,
	title = {Using Developer Interaction Data to Compare Expertise Metrics},
	year = {2013},
	month = {05/2013},
	abstract = {The expertise of a software developer is said to be
a crucial factor for the development time required to complete
a task. Even if this hypothesis is intuitive, research has not yet
quantified the effect of developer expertise on development time.
A related problem is that the design space for expertise metrics is
large; out of the various automated expertise metrics proposed,
we do not know which metric most reliably captures expertise.
What prevents a proper evaluation of expertise metrics and
their relation with development time is the lack of data on
development tasks, such as their precise duration. Fortunately,
this data is starting to become available in the form of growing
developer interaction repositories. We show that applying MSR
techniques to these developer interaction repositories gives us the
necessary tools to perform such an evaluation.},
	url = {http://users.dcc.uchile.cl/~rrobbes/p/MSR2013-expertise.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/MSR2013-expertise.pdf},
	author = {Robbes, Romain and Rothlisberger, David}
}
@article {1554,
	title = {Using software analytics to understand how companies interact in free software communities},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013},
	pages = {1 - 1},
	abstract = {

Free, open source software development communities may become large and complex. They may also be a focus of interest for competing companies relying on their outcomes, with their employees joining the development and maintenance effort. In those cases it is specially important for both companies and communities to understand how this collaboration is working, and how it matches their policies and expectations. In this paper we show two cases (OpenStack and WebKit) which we have studied using analytics techniques on the data obtained from their software development repositories. From them, we conclude that analytics on this data can improve the factual knowledge about how development communities are performing in aspects which are of interest to companies, and fundamental to ensure transparency and fairness.
},
	keywords = {openstack, webkit},
	issn = {0740-7459},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2013.95},
	author = {Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus and Izquierdo, Daniel and Maffulli, Stefano and Gregorio Robles}
}
@conference {bettenburg:csmr2012,
	title = {Using Code Search to Link Code Fragments in Discussions and Source Code},
	booktitle = {CSMR {\textquoteright}12: Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {319-329},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {When discussing software, practitioners often reference parts of the project{\textquoteright}s source code. Such references have different motivations, such as mentoring and guiding less experienced developers, pointing out code that needs changes, or proposing possible strategies for the implementation of future changes. The fact that particular parts of a source code are being discussed makes these parts of the software special. Knowing which code is being talked about the most can not only help practitioners to guide important software engineering and maintenance activities, but also act as a high-level documentation of development activities for managers. In this paper, we use clone-detection as specific instance of a code search based approach for establishing links between code fragments that are discussed by developers and the actual source code of a project. Through a case study on the Eclipse project we explore the traceability links established through this approach, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and compare fuzzy code search based traceability linking to classical approaches, in particular change log analysis and information retrieval. We demonstrate a sample application of code search based traceability links by visualizing those parts of the project that are most discussed in issue reports with a Treemap visualization. The results of our case study show that the traceability links established through fuzzy code search-based traceability linking are conceptually different than classical approaches based on change log analysis or information retrieval.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Bettenburg_2012_CSMR.pdf},
	author = {Bettenburg, Nicolas and Stephen W. Thomas and Hassan, Ahmed E.}
}
@proceedings {1449,
	title = {Using Multiple Case Studies to Analyse Open Source Software Business Sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa},
	volume = {378},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {160-177},
	publisher = {IFIP AICT},
	abstract = {Amidst the debate about what sort of technology is appropriate for achieving sustainable development, Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) offers some solutions to today{\textquoteright}s technology problems for many developing countries. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence to help us understand the potentials FOSS technologies have for small businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa. This research utilizes nine case studies data from seven African countries to find out how entrepreneurs are leveraging FOSS to help them create sustainable business based on openness. The findings show increasing awareness of the business potential of FOSS, and a business model incorporating both FOSS and proprietary software is needed to run a sustainable IT business in these countries. However, the lack of skilled FOSS developer base, the absence of appropriate policies, and poor payment habits by clients are just some of the factors affecting businesses. Other problems encountered, possible solutions to those problems and lessons to be learnt from each case study are also discussed. The research offers entrepreneurs, ICT practitioners, and policy makers the platform to understand the Why and How FOSS technologies are impacting the traditional way of doing business in Sub-Saharan Africa.},
	author = {Sowe, Sulayman K. and McNaughton, Maurice}
}
@article {1681,
	title = {Using Pig as a data preparation language for large-scale mining software repositories studies: An experience report},
	journal = {Journal of Systems and Software},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2012},
	note = {"For example, FLOSSMole (Howison et al., 2006) is a public relational database that contains data extracted from a large number of software repositories. Many researchers use FLOSSMole as a platform. For example, Herraiz et al. (2008) used data in FLOSSMole (Howison et al., 2006) to perform analysis to illustrate that most of the software projects are governed by short term goals rather than long term goals."},
	month = {10/2012},
	pages = {2195 - 2204},
	abstract = {The Mining Software Repositories (MSR) field analyzes software repository data to uncover knowledge and assist development of ever growing, complex systems. However, existing approaches and platforms for MSR analysis face many challenges when performing large-scale MSR studies. Such approaches and platforms rarely scale easily out of the box. Instead, they often require custom scaling tricks and designs that are costly to maintain and that are not reusable for other types of analysis. We believe that the web community has faced many of these software engineering scaling challenges before, as web analyses have to cope with the enormous growth of web data. In this paper, we report on our experience in using a web-scale platform (i.e., Pig) as a data preparation language to aid large-scale MSR studies. Through three case studies, we carefully validate the use of this web platform to prepare (i.e., Extract, Transform, and Load, ETL) data for further analysis. Despite several limitations, we still encourage MSR researchers to leverage Pig in their large-scale studies because of Pig{\textquoteright}s scalability and flexibility. Our experience report will help other researchers who want to scale their analyses.},
	keywords = {flossmole cited},
	issn = {01641212},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2011.07.034},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121211002007},
	author = {Weiyi Shang and Adams, Bram and Hassan, Ahmed E.}
}
@conference {Rigby:2011:UBB:1985793.1985867,
	title = {Understanding broadcast based peer review on open source software projects},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering},
	series = {ICSE {\textquoteright}11},
	year = {2011},
	note = {http://helium.cs.uvic.ca/other/Rigby2011ICSE.pdf

5 projects},
	pages = {541{\textendash}550},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Software peer review has proven to be a successful technique in open source software (OSS) development. In contrast to industry, where reviews are typically assigned to specific individuals, changes are broadcast to hundreds of potentially interested stakeholders. Despite concerns that reviews may be ignored, or that discussions will deadlock because too many uninformed stakeholders are involved, we find that this approach works well in practice. In this paper, we describe an empirical study to investigate the mechanisms and behaviours that developers use to find code changes they are competent to review. We also explore how stakeholders interact with one another during the review process. We manually examine hundreds of reviews across five high profile OSS projects. Our findings provide insights into the simple, community-wide techniques that developers use to effectively manage large quantities of reviews. The themes that emerge from our study are enriched and validated by interviewing long-serving core developers.},
	keywords = {apache, case studies, email, freebsd, grounded theory, kde, linux, linux kernel, open source software, peer review, subversion},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-0445-0},
	doi = {10.1145/1985793.1985867},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Rigby2011ICSE.pdf},
	author = {Peter C. Rigby and Storey, Margaret-Anne}
}
@conference {952,
	title = {The Ultimate Debian Database: Consolidating bazaar metadata for Quality Assurance and data mining},
	booktitle = {2010 7th IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2010)2010 7th IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2010)},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {52 - 61},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Cape Town, South Africa},
	abstract = {FLOSS distributions like RedHat and Ubuntu require a lot more complex infrastructures than most other FLOSS projects. In the case of community-driven distributions like Debian, the development of such an infrastructure is often not very organized, leading to new data sources being added in an impromptu manner while hackers set up new services that gain acceptance in the community. Mixing and matching data is then harder than should be, albeit being badly needed for Quality Assurance and data mining. Massive refactoring and integration is not a viable solution either, due to the constraints imposed by the bazaar development model. This paper presents the Ultimate Debian Database (UDD), which is the countermeasure adopted by the Debian project to the above "data hell". UDD gathers data from various data sources into a single, central SQL database, turning Quality Assurance needs that could not be easily implemented before into simple SQL queries. The paper also discusses the customs that have contributed to the data hell, the lessons learnt while designing UDD, and its applications and potentialities for data mining on FLOSS distributions.},
	keywords = {debian, metadata, udd},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-6802-7},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2010.5463277},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/52msr2010-udd.pdf},
	author = {Nussbaum, Lucas and Zacchiroli, Stefano}
}
@article {1332,
	title = {Using Open Source Software Components to Implement a Modular Web 2.0 Design for Map-Based Discussions},
	journal = {International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {30 - 47},
	abstract = {This paper discusses the research-based origins and modular architecture of an open source geospatial tool that facilitates synchronous individual and group discussions using the medium of a Web map service. The software draws on existing open source geospatial projects and associated libraries and techniques that have evolved as part of the new generation of Web applications. The purpose of the software is discussed, highlighting the fusion of existing open source projects to produce new tools. Two case studies are briefly discussed to illustrate the value an open source approach brings to communities who would remain otherwise outside the reach of proprietary software tools. The paper concludes with comments on the project{\textquoteright}s future evolution as an open source participatory mapping platform.},
	issn = {1942-3934},
	doi = {10.4018/jossp.2010070102},
	author = {Leahy, Michael G. and Hall, G. Brent}
}
@article {1387,
	title = {Using the DEMO methodology for modeling open source software development processes},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	month = {6/2010},
	pages = {656 - 671},
	abstract = {Context

Open source software development (OSSD) process modeling has received increasing interest in recent years. These efforts aim to identify common elements in the development process between multiple open source software (OSS) projects. However, the complexity inherent to OSSD process modeling puts significant demands on the modeling language.
Objective

In this paper, we propose that the Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO) may provide an interesting alternative to develop OSSD process models. DEMO exhibits two unique features within the context of OSSD process modeling. First, DEMO analyzes processes at the ontological level and provides high-level process descriptions, instead of focusing on the implementation level. Second, DEMO studies the communication patterns between human actors, instead of the sequences in which activities are performed.
Method

We investigate the feasibility of using DEMO to construct OSSD process models by means of a case study. DEMO models were constructed to describe the NetBeans Requirements and Release process. In addition, the quality of these DEMO models was evaluated using a quality framework for conceptual modeling.
Results

Our results showed that our DEMO models exhibited a high level of abstraction, thereby reducing the complexity of the OSSD process models. In addition, the evaluation of the models developed in this paper by using the quality framework for conceptual modeling showed that the models were of high quality.
Conclusions

We have shown that the DEMO methodology can be successfully used to model OSSD processes and to obtain abstract and high-quality OSSD process models. However, given some potential drawbacks with respect to understandability and implementability, we primarily propose the use of DEMO within OSSD process modeling as an analysis tool that should be complemented with other techniques and models for communication and reenactment purposes.},
	keywords = {DEMO, Enterprise ontology, open source software, Software process modeling},
	issn = {09505849},
	doi = {10.1016/j.infsof.2010.02.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584910000157},
	author = {Huysmans, Philip and Ven, Kris and Verelst, Jan}
}
@conference {598,
	title = {Undergraduate Research Opportunities in OSS},
	booktitle = {OSS2009: Open Source Ecosystems: Diverse Communities Interacting (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology },
	volume = {299/2009},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {340 - 350},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {30},
	abstract = {Using Open Source Software (OSS) in undergraduate teaching in universities is now commonplace. Students use OSS applications and systems in their courses on programming, operating systems, DBMS, web development to name but a few. Studying OSS projects from both a product and a process view also forms part of the software engineering curriculum at various universities. Many students have taken part in OSS projects as well as developers. At the University of Lincoln, under the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Scheme (UROS), undergraduate student researchers have the chance to work over the summer embedded within an existing research centre on a UROS project. Here two such projects within the Centre for Research in Open Source Software (CROSS) are described: Collaborative Development for the XO Laptop (CODEX) and Software Modularity in Open Source Software (SoMOSS). The CODEX project focused on creating resources to support students undertaking software application development for the XO laptop, and the SoMOSS project focused on architectural studies of OSS instant messaging software. Both projects achieved successful research outcomes; more importantly, both student researchers benefited directly from the encouragement and concrete assistance that they received through interaction with the wider OSS research community. Both projects are ongoing and present further research opportunities for students.
},
	issn = {978-3-642-02031-5},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_30},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Undergraduate\%20Research\%20Opportunities.pdf},
	author = {Boldyreff, Cornelia and Capiluppi, Andrea and Knowles, Thomas and Munro, James}
}
@conference {Yatani:2009:UWO:1518701.1518853,
	title = {Understanding how and why open source contributors use diagrams in the development of Ubuntu},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems},
	series = {CHI {\textquoteright}09},
	year = {2009},
	note = {"To examine how and why diagrams are used in any and all aspects of the software development process of an OSS project, we performed a series of semi-structured interviews with contributors to one particular effort{\textemdash}Ubuntu."
"Our study was divided into two phases. First, we asked participants to complete a questionnaire and provide us with information and materials for discussion. The questionnaire featured questions about participants{\textquoteright} OSS experience, project participation, their roles in each project, and basic demographics. We also asked participants to share diagrams they had created, modified or used as part of their work on Ubuntu. In the second phase of the study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with participants."},
	pages = {995{\textendash}1004},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Some of the most interesting differences between Open Source Software (OSS) development and commercial co-located software development lie in the communication and collaboration practices of these two groups of developers. One interesting practice is that of diagramming. Though well studied and important in many aspects of co-located software development (including communication and collaboration among developers), its role in OSS development has not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, we report our investigation on how and why Ubuntu contributors use diagrams in their work. Our study shows that diagrams are not actively used in many scenarios where they commonly would in co-located software development efforts. We describe differences in the use and practices of diagramming, their possible reasons, and present design considerations for potential systems aimed at better supporting diagram use in OSS development.},
	keywords = {developers, diagramming, interviews, open source software (oss), software development, Ubuntu, visual representation},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-246-7},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1518701.1518853},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1518701.1518853},
	author = {Yatani, Koji and Chung, Eunyoung and Jensen, Carlos and Truong, Khai N.}
}
@inbook {855,
	title = {Understanding Requirements for Open Source Software},
	booktitle = {Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective},
	series = {Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {467-494},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	organization = {Springer-Verlag},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Lyytinen, K. and Loucopoulos, P. and Mylopoulos, J. and Robinson, W.}
}
@article {Fang:2009:USP:1554441.1554443,
	title = {Understanding Sustained Participation in Open Source Software Projects},
	journal = {J. Manage. Inf. Syst.},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2009},
	month = {April},
	pages = {9{\textendash}50},
	publisher = {M. E. Sharpe, Inc.},
	address = {Armonk, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Prior research into open source software (OSS) developer participation has emphasized individuals{\textquoteright} motivations for joining these volunteer communities, but it has failed to explain why people stay or leave in the long run. Building upon Lave and Wenger{\textquoteright}s theory of legitimate peripheral participation (LPP), this paper offers a longitudinal investigation of one OSS community in which sustained participation is hypothesized to be associated with the coevolution of two major elements of LPP theory: "situated learning" (the process of acting knowledgeably and purposefully in the world) and "identity construction" (the process of being identified within the community). To test this hypothesis, data were collected from multiple sources, including online public project documents, electronic mail messages, tracker messages, and log files. Results from qualitative analyses revealed that initial conditions to participate did not effectively predict long-term participation, but that situated learning and identity construction behaviors were positively linked to sustained participation. Furthermore, this study reveals that sustained participants distinguished themselves by consistently engaging in situated learning that both made conceptual (advising others) and practical contributions (improving the code). Implications and future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {Communities Of Practice, Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Open Source Projects, Open Source Software Community, Qualitative Study},
	issn = {0742-1222},
	doi = {10.2753/MIS0742-1222250401},
	url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1554441.1554443},
	author = {Fang, Yulin and Neufeld, Derrick}
}
@article {10.1109/HICSS.2009.998,
	title = {Understanding the Nature and Production Model of Hybrid Free and Open Source Systems: The Case of Varnish},
	journal = {42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2009)},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1-11},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
	abstract = {This is a detailed interpretive case study analysis of an open source software project, called Varnish. The conceptual framework is based on the literature covering issues of commons based production models and the organization of open source projects. The comparative analysis reveals that Varnish is a hybrid project, encompassing the features of open source software while managed by a company as a proprietary project would. It is also hybrid in the sense that it employs a combination of hierarchical and commons based peer production model features. This mix of characters addresses a variety of problems related to each of the aforementioned categories.},
	keywords = {case study, organizational sponsorship, peer production, varnish},
	isbn = {978-0-7695-3450-3},
	doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/HICSS.2009.998},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/07-07-02.pdf},
	author = {Zegaye Seifu Wubishet}
}
@conference {934,
	title = {On the use of Internet Relay Chat (IRC) meetings by developers of the GNOME GTK+ project},
	booktitle = {2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR)2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {107 - 110},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
	abstract = {Developers of open source projects are distributed across the world. They rely on email, mailing lists, instant messaging, IRC channels and more recently IRC meetings to communicate. Most of the studies thus far focus on the use of mailing lists by OSS developers, however, an increasing number of open source projects are using IRC meetings to hold developer meetings. In this paper, we mine the $\#$gtk-devel IRC meeting channel and study the usage of the IRC meetings held by the GNOME GTK+ core developers and maintainers. We look at three different dimensions: the discussion volume of the meetings, the number of participants attending the meetings and the activity of these participants. Our findings show that IRC meetings are gaining popularity among open source developers and maintainers: the IRC meeting discussions are increasing in volume, have increasing attendance levels, and the participants actively contribute to the meetings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the use of developer IRC meetings by OSS developers.},
	keywords = {gnome, gtk, irc, msr challenge},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-3493-0},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2009.5069488},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/107MSR2009-MSR-0130-Shihab-Emad.pdf},
	author = {Shihab, Emad and Zhen Ming Jiang and Hassan, Ahmed E.}
}
@conference {804,
	title = {Users of Open Source Software - How do they get help?},
	booktitle = {HICSS 2009},
	year = {2009},
	abstract = {A study was conducted across multiple open source software online technical help communities. This paper presents the types of discussions that occur, the types of questions asked and the type of responses that are given. The implications for socio-technical design are considered, exploring how help requests and discussions can be used to improve future help-giving, documentation and interface and functionality redesign.},
	keywords = {technical help},
	doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/HICSS.2009.489},
	author = {Singh, V and Twidale, M.B and Nichols, D.M}
}
@article {10.1109/HICSS.2009.1005,
	title = {Users of Open Source Software - How Do They Get Help?},
	journal = {42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2009)},
	year = {2009},
	note = {"we collected twenty threads each from eight different websites making a total of 160 threads"},
	pages = {1-10},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
	abstract = {A study was conducted across multiple open source software online technical help communities. This paper presents the types of discussions that occur, the types of questions asked and the type of responses that are given. The implications for socio-technical design are considered, exploring how help requests and discussions can be used to improve future help-giving, documentation and interface and functionality redesign.},
	keywords = {technical help},
	isbn = {978-0-7695-3450-3},
	doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/HICSS.2009.1005},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/07-07-04.pdf},
	author = {Singh, Vandana and Michael B Twidale and David M Nichols}
}
@conference {938,
	title = {Using association rules to study the co-evolution of production \& test code},
	booktitle = {2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR)2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {151 - 154},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
	abstract = {Unit tests are generally acknowledged as an important aid to produce high quality code, as they provide quick feedback to developers on the correctness of their code. In order to achieve high quality, well-maintained tests are needed. Ideally, tests co-evolve with the production code to test changes as soon as possible. In this paper, we explore an approach based on association rule mining to determine whether production and test code co-evolve synchronously. Through two case studies, one with an open source and another one with an industrial software system, we show that our association rule mining approach allows one to assess the co-evolution of product and test code in a software project and, moreover, to uncover the distribution of programmer effort over pure coding, pure testing, or a more test-driven-like practice.},
	keywords = {association rules, checkstyle, source code, unit test},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-3493-0},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2009.5069493},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/151UsingAssociation.pdf},
	author = {Lubsen, Zeeger and Zaidman, Andy and Pinzger, Martin}
}
@conference {597,
	title = {Using FLOSS Project Metadata in the Undergraduate Classroom},
	booktitle = {OSS2009: Open Source Ecosystems: Diverse Communities Interacting (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology },
	volume = {299/2009},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {330 - 339},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {29},
	abstract = {This paper describes our efforts to use the large amounts of data available from public repositories of free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS) in our undergraduate classrooms to teach concepts that would have previously been taught using other types of data from other sources.
},
	keywords = {artificial intelligence, database, education, teaching, undergraduate, undergraduate research},
	issn = {978-3-642-02031-5},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_29},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Using\%20FLOSS\%20Project\%20Metadata.pdf},
	author = {Squire, Megan and Duvall, Shannon}
}
@conference {940,
	title = {Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation for automatic categorization of software},
	booktitle = {2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR)2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {163 - 166},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
	abstract = {In this paper, we propose a technique called LACT for automatically categorizing software systems in open-source repositories. LACT is based on latent Dirichlet Allocation, an information retrieval method which is used to index and analyze source code documents as mixtures of probabilistic topics. For an initial evaluation, we performed two studies. In the first study, LACT was compared against an existing tool, MUDABlue, for classifying 41 software systems written in C into problem domain categories. The results indicate that LACT can automatically produce meaningful category names and yield classification results comparable to MUDABlue. In the second study, we applied LACT to 43 software systems written in different programming languages such as C/C++, Java, C$\#$, PHP, and Perl. The results indicate that LACT can be used effectively for the automatic categorization of software systems regardless of the underlying programming language or paradigm. Moreover, both studies indicate that LACT can identify several new categories that are based on libraries, architectures, or programming languages, which is a promising improvement as compared to manual categorization and existing techniques.},
	keywords = {categorization, category mining, lact, mudablue, multiple languages, repository},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-3493-0},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2009.5069496},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/163MSR2009_TianPos.pdf},
	author = {Tian, Kai and Revelle, Meghan and Poshyvanyk, Denys}
}
@article {10.1109/HICSS.2009.1014,
	title = {Using Software Archaeology to Measure Knowledge Loss in Software Projects Due to Developer Turnover},
	journal = {2009 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2009)},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1-10},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
	abstract = {Developer turnover can result in a major problem when developing software. When senior developers abandon a software project, they leave a knowledge gap that has to be managed. In addition, new (junior) developers require some time in order to achieve the desired level of productivity. In this paper, we present a methodology to measure the effect of knowledge loss due to developer turnover in software projects. For a given software project, we measure the quantity of code that has been authored by developers that do not belong to the current development team, which we define as orphaned code. Besides, we study how orphaned code is managed by the project. Our methodology is based on the concept of software archaeology, a derivation of software evolution. As case studies we have selected four FLOSS (free, libre, open source software) projects, from purely driven by volunteers to company-supported. The application of our methodology to these case studies will give insight into the turnover that these projects suffer and how they have managed it and shows that this methodology is worth being augmented in future research.},
	keywords = {attrition, case study, developers, evince, evolution, gimp, growth, knowledge collaboration, lines of code, nautilus, quality, sloc, turnover},
	isbn = {978-0-7695-3450-3},
	doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/HICSS.2009.1014},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/07-07-08.pdf},
	author = {Izquierdo-Cortazar, Daniel and Gregorio Robles and Ortega, Felipe and Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona}
}
@booklet {519,
	title = {Ubuntuism, Commodification, and the Software Dialectic.},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Sept},
	abstract = {"Free as in speech, but not free as in beer," is the refrain made famous by Richard Stallman, the standard-bearer of the free software movement. However, many free software advocates seem to be of the opinion that the purity of free software is somehow tainted by any preoccupation with money or profit. Inevitably, this has implications for the economic sustainability of free software, for without a source of income, how can free software hope to survive? The challenge of finding a way to ensure economic sustainability without sacrificing the ideals of free software is what we have termed the "software dialectic.""While the literature on the economics of free software is already quite substantial, in this essay we approach the subject by considering first principles, such as the difference between wealth and money, how the market chooses what to produce, and what the laws of thermodynamics have to do with economics. Finally, even though the ideas expressed in this essay apply to free software in general, here we shall be focusing on that particular incarnation of free software known as the GNU/Linux system.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Ubuntuism_Commodification_and_the_Software_Dialectic.pdf},
	author = {Mike Chege}
}
@conference {Sudakrishnan:2008:UBF:1370750.1370761,
	title = {Understanding bug fix patterns in verilog},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2008 international working conference on Mining software repositories},
	series = {MSR {\textquoteright}08},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {39{\textendash}42},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Today, many electronic systems are developed using a hardware description language, a kind of software that can be converted into integrated circuits or programmable logic devices. Like traditional software projects, hardware projects have bugs, and significant developer time is spent fixing them. A useful first step toward reducing bugs in hardware is developing an understanding of the frequency of different types of errors. Once the most common types are known, it is then possible to focus attention on eliminating them. As most hardware projects use software configuration management repositories, these can be mined for the textual bug fix changes. In this project, we analyze the bug fix history of four hardware projects written in Verilog and manually define 25 bug fix patterns. The frequency of each bug type is then computed for all projects. We find that 29 -- 55\% of the bug fix pattern instances in Verilog involve assignment statements, while 18 -- 25\% are related to if statements.},
	keywords = {bug fixing, error classification, hdl, verilog, VHDL},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-024-1},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1370750.1370761},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1370750.1370761},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/p39-sudakrishnan.pdf},
	author = {Sudakrishnan, Sangeetha and Madhavan, Janaki and Whitehead,Jr., E. James and Renau, Jose}
}
@article {138,
	title = {Understanding knowledge sharing activities in free/open source software projects: An empirical study},
	journal = {Journal of Systems and Software},
	volume = {81},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	note = {"Our study utilized data from the Debian project lists archives.... The Debian project hosts over 100 lists on all aspects related to the project. From the Debian lists archives (Debian Mailing Lists) we selected two high volume mailing lists. The following lists are analyzed in our study:
{\textbullet} Debian-user. This list is specifically dedicated to help and discussion among users of Debian who speak English. {\textbullet} Debian-devel. This list is specifically dedicated to discus-
sion about technical development topics.
Our data collection period for both lists was from January 2000 to December 2005. We obtained archived mbox files of the two lists. Each file is a single text file containing one month of archived email messages. Every email message has a unique message-id, together with other identification fields defined by the Internet Message Format (RFC) 2822 (Internet Message Format, 2001)."},
	pages = {431-446},
	abstract = {Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) projects are people-oriented and knowledge intensive software development environments. Many researchers focused on mailing lists to study coding activities of software developers. How expert software developers interact with each other and with non-developers in the use of community products have received little attention. This paper discusses the altruistic sharing of knowledge between knowledge providers and knowledge seekers in the Developer and User mailing lists of the Debian project. We analyze the posting and replying activities of the participants by counting the number of email messages they posted to the lists and the number of replies they made to questions others posted. We found out that participants interact and share their knowledge a lot, their positing activity is fairly highly correlated with their replying activity, the characteristics of posting and replying activities are different for different kinds of lists, and the knowledge sharing activity of self-organizing Free/Open Source communities could best be explained in terms of what we called "Fractal Cubic Distribution" rather than the power-law distribution mostly reported in the literature. The paper also proposes what could be researched in knowledge sharing activities in F/OSS projects mailing list and for what purpose. The research findings add to {\textquoteright} our understanding of knowledge sharing activities in F/OSS projects. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {debian, email, email archives, mailing list},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/JSS_0.pdf},
	author = {Sowe, Sulayman K. and Ioannis Stamelos and Lefteris Angelis}
}
@conference {540,
	title = {Update Propagation Practices in Highly Reusable Open Source Components},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {159 - 170},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {13},
	abstract = {In today{\textquoteright}s business and software arena, more and more companies are adopting open source software. An example of this rising phenomenon is to base software products on highly reusable open source components. In this scenario, the evolution of the software product is coupled with the evolution of the open source component. A common assumption is that component updates are immediately and regularly propagated to the project. This paper investigates this assumption empirically by studying update propagation practices in two popular open source libraries, zlib and FFmpeg. For each library, we analyze various repository sources with information such as bug reports, revision history, and source code. The results of the case studies suggest that update propagation is subject to several technical and non-technical factors including the way the open source library is used, the extent to which updates are documented, and the degree of community involvement. Based on these findings, we propose a set of recommendations that would allow better follow-up of updates and smoother update propagation.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_13},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Update\%20Propagation\%20Practice.pdf},
	author = {Orsila, Heikki and Geldenhuys, Jaco and Ruokonen, Anna and Hammouda, Imed}
}
@conference {560,
	title = {Usability in Company Open Source Software Context - Initial Findings from an Empirical Case Study},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {359 - 365},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {33},
	abstract = {In the company open source software (OSS) development context, usability is becoming an important issue due to a growing user population, who is only interested in usable applications, not in their development. Companies try to gain a competitive advantage of OSS by utilizing available components, but the openness is difficult to achieve in the business world with licenses, patents and intellectual property rights. This paper analyses usability and user-interface (UI) development in the company OSS context through an interpretive case study in a software development unit of a large, global corporation. Our initial findings suggest that there is a need for human computer interaction specialists in the OSS context. It is revealed that with the software based on OSS, more time can be spent on usability and UI design. In the company{\textquoteright}s viewpoint, there are still many issues involved in deciding what parts of the product will be open source. Especially UI code may remain closed due to competitive advantage and patents.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_33},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Usability\%20in\%20Company\%20Open\%20Source.pdf},
	author = {Iivari, Netta and Hedberg, Henrik and Kirves, Tanja}
}
@article {Barcellini:2008:UDM:1379919.1380288,
	title = {User and developer mediation in an Open Source Software community: Boundary spanning through cross participation in online discussions},
	journal = {Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud.},
	volume = {66},
	number = {7},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {558{\textendash}570},
	publisher = {Academic Press, Inc.},
	address = {Duluth, MN, USA},
	abstract = {The aim of this research is to analyse how design and use are mediated in Open Source Software (OSS) design. Focusing on the Python community, our study examines a {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}pushed-by-users{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} design proposal through the discussions occurring in two mailing-lists: one, user-oriented and the other, developer-oriented. To characterize the links between users and developers, we investigate the activities and references (knowledge sharing) performed by the contributors to these two mailing-lists. We found that the participation of users remains local to their community. However, several key participants act as boundary spanners between the user and the developer communities. This emerging role is characterized by cross-participation in parallel same-topic discussions in both mailing-lists, cohesion between cross-participants, the occupation of a central position in the social network linking users and developers, as well as active, distinctive and adapted contributions. The user championing the proposal acts as a key boundary spanner coordinating the process and using explicit linking strategies. We argue that OSS design may be considered as a form of {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}role emerging design{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}, i.e. design organized and pushed through emerging roles and through a balance between these roles. The OSS communities seem to provide a suitable socio-technical environment to enable such role emergence. },
	keywords = {Boundary spanners, Cross-participants, Distributed design, Open Source Software Community, Role emerging design},
	issn = {1071-5819},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.10.008},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.10.008},
	author = {Barcellini, Flore and D{\'e}tienne, Fran{\c c}oise and Burkhardt, Jean-Marie}
}
@conference {541,
	title = {Using Social Network Analysis Techniques to Study Collaboration between a FLOSS Community and a Company},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {171 - 186},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {14},
	abstract = {Because of the sheer volume of information available in FLOSS repositories, simple analysis have to face the problems of filtering the relevant information. Hence, it is essential to apply methodologies that highlight that information for a given aspect of the project. In this paper, some techniques from the social sciences have been used on data from version control systems to extract information about the development process of FLOSS projects with the aim of highlighting several processes that occur in FLOSS projects and that are difficult to obtain by other means. In particular, the collaboration between the FLOSS community and a company has been studied by selecting two projects as case studies. The results highlight aspects such as efficiency in the development process, release management and leadership turnover.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_14},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Using\%20Social\%20Network.pdf},
	author = {Martinez-Romo, Juan and Gregorio Robles and Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus and Ortu{\~n}o-Perez, Miguel}
}
@conference {1724,
	title = {On Understanding How to Introduce an Innovation to an Open Source Project},
	booktitle = {First International Workshop on Emerging Trends in FLOSS Research and Development (FLOSS{\textquoteright}07: ICSE Workshops 2007)First International Workshop on Emerging Trends in FLOSS Research and Development (FLOSS{\textquoteright}07: ICSE Workshops 2007)},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {12 - 12},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA},
	abstract = {We propose to research the introduction of Software Engineering inventions into Open Source projects (1) to help researchers with creating opportunities for evaluating their tools, methods and process designs in real-life settings, and (2) to help Open Source projects with improving their processes based on state-of-the-art knowledge. Such research will go beyond diffusion and dissemination of inventions to active introduction, and thus increase the chances of adoption. We will discuss the research approach, our preliminary insights, limitations of the approach, and why researchers interested in evaluating their own inventions should be interested in this research. 
},
	isbn = {0-7695-2961-5},
	doi = {10.1109/FLOSS.2007.11},
	author = {Oezbek, Christopher and Prechelt, Lutz}
}
@inbook {880,
	title = {Understanding the Development of Free E-Commerce/E-Business Software: A Resource-Based View},
	booktitle = {Emerging Free and Open Source Software Practices},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {170-190},
	publisher = {IGI Publishing},
	organization = {IGI Publishing},
	address = {Hershey, PA},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Sowe, S.K. and Stamelos, I. and Samoladas, I}
}
@conference {1226,
	title = {Understanding the KDE Social Structure through Mining of Email Archive},
	booktitle = {2nd Workshop on Public Data about Software Development (WoPDaSD 2007)},
	year = {2007},
	note = {"Our data source is constituted by e-mails sent to KDE mailing-lists and archived by MARC"

"Two problems quickly arise: neither the e-mails addresses nor the names can be considered unique. Consequently, we used an in-depth search algorithm to put together {\textquotedblleft}name-email{\textquotedblright} couples corresponding to a same contributor. Indeed, the algorithm suggests possible merges."

"There is a specific mailing list in our data set, kde-commit, which gathers automatic notifications from the revision control system (RCS)....We measure {\textquotedblleft}commit{\textquotedblright} by the number of messages sent to the {\textquotedblleft}kde-commit{\textquotedblright} mailing list. However, we did not count {\textquotedblleft}silent{\textquotedblright} commits, nor usual messages sent to this mailing list."

"We measured activities done in BTS in two ways: {\textquotedblleft}bug opener{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}non bug opener{\textquotedblright}.	First, we counted the number of modifications done by the contributor who opened the concerned bug report. "
},
	abstract = {In order to achieve a better understanding of FLOSS social structure, we need a definition of social position. From a theoretical perspective, we propose to think the participation as a trajectory. Empirically, we use optimal matching to build a typology of participation trajectories based on KDE email archives. We show how these trajectories structure the community as a whole by combining these results with a social network analysis.},
	keywords = {bug tracking system, bugzilla, commit, email, email archive, kde, mailing list, participation, revision control, social network analysis},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/wopdasd_studer_et_all_full.pdf},
	author = {Studer, Matthias and M{\"u}ller, Beno{\^\i}t and Ritschard, Gilbert}
}
@unpublished {flosswp366,
	title = {The use of open source GIS software and its impact on organizations},
	year = {2007},
	month = {September},
	abstract = {This thesis explores the reasons behind the poor level of adoption of open source web GIS software, and whether it is due to poor awareness about open source concepts or due to technical deficiencies in the open source tools. The research was done in 2 major phases; the first phase involved conducting surveys to measure the awareness and attitudes towards open source. The surveys examined three categories of people involved in the IT industry, namely: decision makers, software developers, and end users. The measurement of awareness was done by developing an Awareness Indicator and a Sentiment Indicator for each category. These indicators were developed by the author during the course of the study in order to provide a measurable and descriptive indication of the results. The second phase involved performing a comparative analysis between MapServer a leading open source web GIS tool, and three of the leading proprietary web GIS software, namely: ESRI???s ArcIMS, Intergraph???s GeoMedia WebMap, and MapInfo???s MapXtreme. The results of the research provide an insight on how different categories of people view open source, and demonstrate that lack of awareness about open source concepts and its competencies may be a major reason behind the poor adoption of open source solutions. The results of the comparative analysis also demonstrate that MapServer is technically equivalent to its commercial counter parts.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/OS_GIS.pdf},
	author = {Mahmoud Refaat Nasr}
}
@conference {644,
	title = {The Use of Open Source Software in Enterprise Distributed Computing Environments},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {277 - 282},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {28},
	abstract = {Firms increasingly rely on open source software for solving business problems and building mission-critical IT solutions. However, there are numerous issues associated with OSS, including its influence on the total cost of ownership (TCO) and supportability and upgradeability risks. While savings from obtaining a free copy of the software can be significant, software accounts for an average of 10\% of TCO, while the majority of the costs are associated with project staffing. OSS requires significant investment into staffing because it needs to be carefully selected, customized, and installed. In addition, global communities may gather and dissolve at their will, so guarantees of support, revision, and bug fixes are minimal. Yet companies can gain competitive advantage through an ability to customize software to address specific business issues and exercising control over development, revision schedules, and modifications. OSS is not a panacea from the rising software costs. Instead, it is a serious initiative that has benefits, disadvantages, and risks associated with it.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_28},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Use\%20of\%20OSS\%20in\%20Enterprise.pdf},
	author = {Krivoruchko, Jacob}
}
@article {1215,
	title = {Using FLOSSmole Data in Determining Business Readiness Ratings},
	journal = {2nd Workshop on Public Data about Software Development (WopDaSD 2007)},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	abstract = {This paper is a preliminary report on using FLOSSmole data retrieved from open source repositories (forges) to calculate Business Readiness Rating scores.  },
	keywords = {brr, business readiness rating, flossmole},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Using\%20FLOSSmole\%20Data\%20in\%20Determining\%20Business\%20Readiness\%20Ratings.pdf},
	author = {Wasserman, Anthony and Ashutosh Das}
}
@conference {628,
	title = {Using Repository of Repositories (RoRs) to Study the Growth of F/OSS Projects: A Meta-Analysis Research Approach},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {147 - 160},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {12},
	abstract = {Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) repositories contain valuable data and their usefulness in studying software development and community activities continues to attract a lot of research attention. A trend in F/OSS studies is the use of metadata stored in a repository of repositories or RoRs. This paper utilizes data obtained from such RoRs -FLOSSmole- to study the types of projects being developed by the F/OSS community. We downloaded projects by topics data in five areas (Database, Internet, Software Development, Communications, and Games/Entertainment) from Flossmole{\textquoteright}s raw and summary data of the sourceforge repository. Time series analysis show the numbers of projects in the five topics are growing linearly. Further analysis supports our hypothesis that F/OSS development is moving {\textquotedblleft}up the stack{\textquotedblright} from developer tools and infrastructure support to end-user applications such as Databases. The findings have implications for the interpretation of the F/OSS landscape, the utilization and adoption of open source databases, and problems researchers might face in obtaining and using data from RoRs.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_12},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Using\%20Repository\%20of\%20Repositories.pdf},
	author = {Sowe, Sulayman and Lefteris Angelis and Stamelos, I. and Y. Manolopoulos}
}
@conference {1009,
	title = {Using Software Distributions to Understand the Relationship among Free and Open Source Software Projects},
	booktitle = {Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories (MSR{\textquoteright}07:ICSE Workshops 2007)},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {24 - 24},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA},
	abstract = {Success in the open source software world has been measured in terms of metrics such as number of downloads, number of commits, number of lines of code, number of participants, etc. These metrics tend to discriminate towards applications that are small and tend to evolve slowly. A problem is, however, how to identify applications in these latter categories that are important. Software distributions specify the dependencies needed to build and to run a given software application. We use this information to create a dependency graph of the applications contained in such a distribution. We explore the characteristics of this graph, and use it to define some metrics to quantify the dependencies (and dependents) of a given software application. We demonstrate that some applications that are invisible to the final user (such as libraries) are widely used by end-user applications. This graph can be used as a proxy to measure success of small, slowly evolving free and open source software.},
	keywords = {dependencies, evolution, fink, metrics},
	isbn = {0-7695-2950-X},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2007.32},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/28300024.pdf},
	author = {Daniel M. German}
}
@conference {1010,
	title = {Using Software Repositories to Investigate Socio-technical Congruence in Development Projects},
	booktitle = {Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories (MSR{\textquoteright}07:ICSE Workshops 2007)},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {25 - 25},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA},
	abstract = {We propose a quantitative measure of socio-technical congruence as an indicator of the performance of an organization in carrying out a software development project. We show how the information necessary to implement that measure can be mined from commonly used software repositories, and we describe how socio-technical congruence can be computed based on that information.},
	keywords = {developers, graph, scm, social networks, source code},
	isbn = {0-7695-2950-X},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2007.33},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/28300025.pdf},
	author = {Valetto, Giuseppe and Helander, Mary and Ehrlich, Kate and Chulani, Sunita and Wegman, Mark and Williams, Clay}
}
@article {885,
	title = {Understanding Free/Open Source Software Development Processes},
	journal = {Software Process--Improvement and Practice},
	volume = {11},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	month = {March/April},
	pages = {95-105},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Feller, Joseph and Fitzgerald, Brian and Hissam, Scott and Lakhani, Karim}
}
@inbook {896,
	title = {Understanding Free/Open Source Software Evolution},
	booktitle = {Software Evolution and Feedback: Theory and Practice},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {181-206},
	publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
	organization = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Madhavji, N.H. and Lehman, M.M. and Ramil, J.F. and Perry, D.}
}
@article {1122,
	title = {Understanding the Motivations, Participation, and Performance of Open Source Software Developers: A Longitudinal Study of the Apache Projects},
	journal = {Management Science},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2006},
	note = {"analyzing archival data collected from OSS project records over a period of four years"
"Apart from the source and binary codes of the actual software programs, Apache products include developer websites, change logs, documentation, and developer communications in the form of e-mail archives. From these products, we extracted two types of information: each contributor{\textquoteright}s progression along the Apache career path, and each contributor{\textquoteright}s source code contributions to the project."},
	month = {07/2006},
	pages = {984 - 999},
	abstract = {Understanding what motivates participation is a central theme in the research on open source software (OSS) development. Our study contributes by revealing how the different motivations of OSS developers are interrelated, how these motivations influence participation leading to performance, and how past performance influences subsequent motivations. Drawing on theories of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, we develop a theoretical model relating the motivations, participation, and performance of OSS developers. We evaluate our model using survey and archival data collected from a longitudinal field study of software developers in the Apache projects. Our results reveal several important findings. First, we find that developers{\textquoteright} motivations are not independent but rather are related in complex ways. Being paid to contribute to Apache projects is positively related to developers{\textquoteright} status motivations but negatively related to their use-value motivations. Perhaps surprisingly, we find no evidence of diminished intrinsic motivation in the presence of extrinsic motivations; rather, status motivations enhance intrinsic motivations. Second, we find that different motivations have an impact on participation in different ways. Developers{\textquoteright} paid participation and status motivations lead to above-average contribution levels, but use-value motivations lead to below-average contribution levels, and intrinsic motivations do not significantly impact average contribution levels. Third, we find that developers{\textquoteright} contribution levels positively impact their performance rankings. Finally, our results suggest that past-performance rankings enhance developers{\textquoteright} subsequent status motivations.},
	keywords = {apache, change logs, contributions, email, email archives, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, mailing lists, MOTIVATION, open source software, participation, software development performance, source code, status, Survey},
	issn = {1526-5501},
	doi = {10.1287/mnsc.1060.0554},
	author = {Roberts, Jeffrey A. and Il-Horn Hann and Slaughter, Sandra A.}
}
@article {808,
	title = {Usability processes in open source projects},
	journal = {Software Process: Improvement and Practice},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2006},
	month = {03/2006},
	pages = {149 - 162},
	abstract = {We explore how some open source projects address issues of usability. We describe the mechanisms, techniques and technology used by open source communities to design and refine the interfaces to their programs. In particular we consider how these developers cope with their distributed community, lack of domain expertise, limited resources and separation from their users. We also discuss how bug reporting and discussion systems can be improved to better support bug reporters and open source developers.},
	issn = {1099-1670},
	doi = {10.1002/spip.256},
	author = {David M Nichols and Michael B Twidale}
}
@article {893,
	title = {User Choices and Regret: Understanding Users{\textquoteright} Decision Process bout Consensually Acquired Spyware},
	journal = {I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society},
	volume = {2},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	month = {01/2006},
	author = {N. Good and J. Grossklags and Konstan, J.A. and D. Mulligan and A. Perzanowski and D. Thaw}
}
@conference {German:2006:UEA:1137983.1138020,
	title = {Using evolutionary annotations from change logs to enhance program comprehension},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Mining software repositories},
	series = {MSR {\textquoteright}06},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {159{\textendash}162},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Evolutionary annotations are descriptions of how source code evolves over time. Typical source comments, given their static nature, are usually inadequate for describing how a program has evolved over time; instead, source code comments are typically a description of what a program currently does. We propose the use of evolutionary annotations as a way of describing the rationale behind changes applied to a given program (for example "These lines were added to ..."). Evolutionary annotations can assist a software developer in the understanding of how a given portion of source code works by showing him how the source has evolved into its current form.In this paper we describe a method to automatically create evolutionary annotations from change logs, defect tracking systems and mailing lists. We describe the design of a prototype for Eclipse that can filter and present these annotations alongside their corresponding source code and in workbench views. We use Apache as a test case to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.},
	keywords = {annotations, apache, bug tracking, change history, eclipse, evolutionary, log files, mailing lists, mining software repositories, software evolution, version control},
	isbn = {1-59593-397-2},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1137983.1138020},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1137983.1138020},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/159UsingEvolutionary.pdf},
	author = {Daniel M. German and Peter C. Rigby and Storey, Margaret-Anne}
}
@conference {890,
	title = {Using Intelligent Task Routing and Contribution Review to Help Communities Build Artifacts of Lasting Value},
	booktitle = {ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
	year = {2006},
	month = {22/04/2006},
	pages = {1037-1046},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada},
	isbn = {1-59593-372-7},
	author = {Cosley, D. and D. Frankowski and Terveen, L. and Riedl, J.}
}
@conference {Kakimoto:2006:USB:1137983.1138026,
	title = {Using software birthmarks to identify similar classes and major functionalities},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Mining software repositories},
	series = {MSR {\textquoteright}06},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {171{\textendash}172},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {argouml, class, file, mining challenge, msr challenge, multi-dimensional scaling, similarity, software birthmark, source code},
	isbn = {1-59593-397-2},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1137983.1138026},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1137983.1138026},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/171UsingSoftware.pdf},
	author = {Kakimoto, Takeshi and Monden, Akito and Kamei, Yasutaka and Tamada, Haruaki and Tsunoda, Masateru and Matsumoto, Ken-ichi}
}
@conference {776,
	title = {Un{\textquoteright}applicazione Open Source: l{\textquoteright}Osservatorio sull{\textquoteright}e-government e la societ{\`a} dell{\textquoteright}informazione},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {291-293},
	abstract = {I processi d{\textquoteright}innovazione, conseguenza dei progetti di e-government, che da alcuni anni interessano gli EELL, possono essere apprezzati solo se osservati nella loro veste di azioni integrate comuni a pi{\`u} soggetti. Predisporre uno strumento logico-tecnologico che colmi le carenze informative e che sia di supporto, alle amministrazioni territoriali, in sede di programmazione e pianificazione delle politiche {\`e} quanto si {\`e} sperimentato in Regione Emilia-Romagna. Sono stati cos{\`\i} realizzati una banca dati ed un applicativo web-based, entrambi basati su componenti software Open Source. Tale scelta {\`e} stata dettata dalla volont{\`a} di diffondere e facilitare questa pratica in altre realt{\`a} territoriali. Questo esperimento, oramai attivit{\`a} consolidata, ha prodotto risultati informativi per il territorio regionale ed {\`e} punto di partenza per un{\textquoteright}evoluzione su scala nazionale.},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1550},
	author = {Tartari, Dimitri}
}
@conference {Neamtiu:2005:USC:1083142.1083143,
	title = {Understanding source code evolution using abstract syntax tree matching},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2005 international workshop on Mining software repositories},
	series = {MSR {\textquoteright}05},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {2-6},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Mining software repositories at the source code level can provide a greater understanding of how software evolves. We present a tool for quickly comparing the source code of different versions of a C program. The approach is based on partial abstract syntax tree matching, and can track simple changes to global variables, types and functions. These changes can characterize aspects of software evolution useful for answering higher level questions. In particular, we consider how they could be used to inform the design of a dynamic software updating system. We report results based on measurements of various versions of popular open source programs, including BIND, OpenSSH, Apache, Vsftpd and the Linux kernel.},
	keywords = {abstract syntax trees, apache, bind, evolution, linux, openssh, software evolution, source code, source code analysis, vsftpd},
	isbn = {1-59593-123-6},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1082983.1083143},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1082983.1083143},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/2Understanding.pdf},
	author = {Neamtiu, Iulian and Foster, Jeffrey S. and Hicks, Michael}
}
@conference {739,
	title = {Understanding the Open-Source Software Development Process: a Case Study with CVSChecker},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {154-161},
	abstract = {The open-source process model is emerging as a new lightweight paradigm for software development and has already produced several successful products. This process is fundamentally different from more traditional analysis- and design-driven processes, which raises a set of interesting research questions: what activities are carried out in open-source projects and by whom? Are there typical or exceptional patterns? CVSChecker is a tool designed to analyze the performance of individual developers and the work-distribution patterns of teams based on historical source-code repository data. In this paper, we report on a case study conducted using CVSChecker to examine a small open-source project. We discuss the insights that the CVSChecker analysis produced regarding this project and compare them to results from previous case studies performed with senior student teams.},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1551},
	author = {Liu, Ying and Stroulia, Eleni and Erdogmus, Hakan}
}
@conference {783,
	title = {Unreliable Collaborators: Coordination in distributed volunteer teams},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {305-306},
	abstract = {Drawing together the interest, skills and resources of individuals to pursue productive activity is the cornerstone of wealth creation. Recently, new forms of productive activity have emerged that draw together highly motivated, often volunteer, participants to collaborate through low-cost information systems to produce high quality products that rival those produced by wealthy firms and markets. Examples include free (libr{\^A}{\textasciiacute}e) and open source software (FLOSS), such as Linux, and collaboratively edited texts, such as Wikipedia and the Open Directory. There is an opportunity to study these novel activities, to understand their organization, in order to both further their continued success and to assess whether and which of their novel organization techniques might be used in wider domains of human collaborative activity.},
	keywords = {coordination, floss organization, MOTIVATION, open source, volunteer teams},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1552},
	author = {Howison, James}
}
@conference {Kim:2005:UCG:1083142.1083146,
	title = {Using a clone genealogy extractor for understanding and supporting evolution of code clones},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2005 international workshop on Mining software repositories},
	series = {MSR {\textquoteright}05},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {17-23},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Programmers often create similar code snippets or reuse existing code snippets by copying and pasting. Code clones {\textemdash}syntactically and semantically similar code snippets{\textemdash}can cause problems during software maintenance because programmers may need to locate code clones and change them consistently. In this work, we investigate (1) how code clones evolve, (2) how many code clones impose maintenance challenges, and (3) what kind of tool or engineering process would be useful for maintaining code clones.
Based on a formal definition of clone evolution, we built a clone genealogy tool that automatically extracts the history of code clones from a source code repository (CVS). Our clone genealogy tool enables several analyses that reveal evolutionary characteristics of code clones. Our initial results suggest that aggressive refactoring may not be the best solution for all code clones; thus, we propose alternative tool solutions that assist in maintaining code clones using clone genealogy information.},
	keywords = {clone, clone detection, cvs, developers, evolution, maintenance, refactoring, source code},
	isbn = {1-59593-123-6},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1082983.1083146},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1082983.1083146},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/17Using.pdf},
	author = {Kim, Miryung and Notkin, David}
}
@conference {742,
	title = {Using Open Source Middleware for Securing e-Gov Applications},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {172-178},
	abstract = {Nowadays, a global information infrastructure connects remote parties through the use of large scale networks, and many companies focus on developing e-services based on remote resources and on interaction between remote parties. In such a context, e-Government (e-Gov) systems became of paramount importance for the Public Administration, and many ongoing development projects are targeted on their implementation and release. For open source software to play an important role in this scenario, two main technological requirements must be fulfilled: (i) the identification and optimization of de facto standards for building e-Gov open source software components and (ii) a standard integration strategy of these components into an open source middleware layer, capable of conveying a completely open-source e-Gov solution. In this paper, we argue that e-Gov systems should be constructed on a open source middleware layer, providing full public responsibility in its development. W...},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1553},
	author = {Ardagna, Claudio Agostino and Damiani, Ernesto and Frati, Fulvio and Montel, Martin}
}
@conference {724,
	title = {Using Open Source Tools to Support Collaboration Within CALIBRE},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {61-65},
	abstract = {This paper describes the deployment of Plone, an Open-Source content management system, to support the activities of CALIBRE, an EU-funded coordination action integrating research into Libre software. The criteria by which Plone was selected are described, and the goodness of fit to these criteria is analysed. As a coordination action, CALIBRE involves 12 partners with different requirements and characteristics. The CALIBRE Working Environment (CWE) must therefore support a variety of users with different levels of technical expertise and expectations. Implementation of the support infrastructure for CALIBRE is ongoing, and has provided some interesting insights into the benefits of the use of libre software. Although Plone has not been explicitly developed as a collaboration infrastructure, with its wealth of plugins, it has proven highly adaptable for this purpose.},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1555},
	author = {Adams, Paul and Nutter, David and Rank, Stephen and Boldyreff, Cornelia}
}
@conference {778,
	title = {Using Plone To Support Collaborative Research},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {296-297},
	keywords = {collaboration environment, collaborative research, content management system, open source, plugin},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1558},
	author = {Adams, Paul and Nutter, David and Rank, Stephen and Boldyreff, Cornelia}
}
@conference {744,
	title = {Using the Iterated Prisoner{\textquoteright}s Dilemma for Explaining the Evolution of Cooperation in Open Source Communities},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {186-191},
	abstract = {Software development, and especially open source projects, typically involve repeated interactions between participants and groups of participants. We propose to analyse this situation by means of the standard model for the evolution of cooperation, the iterated prisoner{\textquoteright}s dilemma. The prisoner{\textquoteright}s dilemma is a well-known model for a two-person game, in which each side can choose to either cooperate or defect, and in which the payoffs are arranged in a defined hierarchy (e.g. the highest payoff is achieved by defecting while the other player cooperates). As a first step, the prisoner{\textquoteright}s dilemma needs to be formulated for the open source development model, i.e. what constitutes cooperation, playing defect and payoffs. Then, computer simulations using a population of stochastic reactive strategies can be applied, using a strategy{\textquoteright}s payoff as fitness measure for determining its frequency in the next generation. As a further extension, the effects of misinterpretation of other...},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1559},
	author = {Eckert, Daniel and Koch, Stefan and Mitl{\"o}hner, Johann}
}
@article {flosswp141,
	title = {Understanding consumers{\textquoteright} collective action on the Internet - a definition and discussion of relevant concepts for research},
	year = {2004},
	month = {February},
	abstract = {This paper offers a new approach for understanding online collaboration and collective action of {\textquoteright}prosumers{\textquoteright}. It is proposed here that theories of collective action and social representations theory, in particular, provide a theoretical framework for studying the structural and social context of online collaboration of consumers, the social actors involved, and how public discourse contributes to shared meaning creation and dissemination in online communities. Processes of naming, classifying, personalizing and institutionalization give their actions ontological reality and contribute to the sustainability of the common effort. An overview and definition of these processes and relevant influencing factors is given and possible indicators of these concepts in open-source communities are highlighted.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/hemetsberger3.pdf},
	author = {Andrea Hemetsberger}
}
@article {flosswp165,
	title = {Usability Discussions in Open Source Development},
	year = {2004},
	month = {August},
	abstract = {The public nature of discussion in open source projects provides a valuable resource for understanding the mechanisms of open source software development. In this paper we explore how open source projects address issues of usability. We examine bug reports of several projects to characterise how developers address and resolve issues concerning user interfaces and interaction design. We discuss how bug reporting and discussion systems can be improved to better support bug reporters and open source developers.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/twidalenichols.pdf},
	author = {Michael B Twidale}
}
@article {flosswp94,
	title = {Understanding Free/Open Source Software Evolution: Applying, Breaking and Rethinking the Laws of Software Evolution},
	year = {2003},
	month = {April},
	abstract = {This study examines whether the evolution of open source software conforms to the laws of software evolution that have been in development for more than 30 years. Given evidence and data that may not conform, it becomes necessary to consider how the laws and theory might be revamped to better account for the data that characterizes both conventional closed source software and F/OSS system evolution.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi3.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@inbook {flosswp126,
	title = {Understanding the Nature of Participation \& Coordination in Open and Gated Source Software Development Communities},
	year = {2003},
	month = {June},
	abstract = {This paper explores the motivations of participants from two software development communities and finds that most participants are motivated by either a need to use the software or an enjoyment of programming. The latter group, hobbyists or enthusiasts, are critical to the long-term viability and sustainability of open source software code: they take on tasks that might otherwise go undone, are largely need-neutral as they make decisions, and express a desire to maintain the simplicity, elegance, and modularity of the code. The motives of hobbyist evolve over time; most join the community because they have a need for the software and stay because they enjoy programming in the context of a particular community. Governance and licensing structures affect this evolution.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/shah3.pdf},
	author = {Sonali Shah}
}
@article {Nichols02usabilityand,
	title = {The Usability of Open Source Software},
	journal = {First Monday},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2003},
	abstract = {Open source communities have successfully developed a great deal of software although most computer users only use proprietary applications. The usability of open source software is often regarded as one reason for this limited distribution. In this paper we review the existing evidence of the usability of open source software and discuss how the characteristics of open source development influence usability. We describe how existing human-computer interaction techniques can be used to leverage distributed networked communities, of developers and users, to address issues of usability.},
	url = {http://firstmonday.org/article/view/1018/939},
	author = {David M Nichols and Michael B Twidale}
}
@article {101,
	title = {The user-developer communication process: a critical case study},
	journal = {Information Systems Journal},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 5},
	pages = {37-68},
	abstract = {Although user participation in systems development is widely believed to have positive impacts on user acceptance, it does not guarantee success and there is still much that we do not know about how and why user participation sometimes delivers positive benefits, but not always. Much of the prior research on user participation assumes that user-developer communication will ensure that the resulting system will be designed to meet users{\textquoteright} needs and will be accepted by them. The nature and quality of the communication between users and developers, however, remains an understudied aspect of user participation. In this paper, we focus on the user-developer communication process. We propose a process model that delineates four stages of communication between users and software developers, and we argue that these stages must occur for user participation to lead to effective outcomes. To illustrate our model, we apply it to analyse a {\textquoteright}critical case study{\textquoteright} of a software project that failed despite high levels of user involvement. We show that when {\textquoteright}communication lapses{\textquoteright} occurred in several of the user-developer communication stages, developers failed to be informed regarding the underlying reasons that users avoided the system. Based on the insights from this case study, we advise researchers and practitioners how to leverage the potential benefits of user participation, rather than take them for granted.},
	author = {Gallivan, M. J. and Keil, M.}
}
@conference {Madey02understandingoss,
	title = {Understanding oss as a self-organizing process},
	booktitle = {In The 2nd Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering at the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE2002},
	year = {2002},
	abstract = {We hypothesize that open source software development can be modeled as self-organizing, collaboration, social networks. We analyze structural data on over 39,000 open source projects hosted at SourceForge.net. We define two software developers to be connected {\textemdash} part of a collaboration social network {\textemdash} if they are members of the same project, or are connected by a chain of connected developers. Project sizes, developer project participation, and clusters of connected developers are analyzed. We find evidence to support our hypothesis, primarily in the presence of power-law relationships on project sizes (number of developers per project), project membership (number of projects joined by a developer), and cluster sizes.},
	keywords = {developers, size, social network analysis, social networks, sourceforge},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/MadeyFreehTynan.pdf},
	author = {Madey, G. and Freeh, V and Tynan, R}
}
@article {flosswp98,
	title = {Usability and Open Source Software},
	journal = {Working Paper 02/10, Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato},
	year = {2002},
	month = {December},
	publisher = {Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato},
	abstract = {Open source communities have successfully developed many pieces of software although most computer users only use proprietary applications. The usability of open source software is often regarded as one reason for this limited distribution. In this paper we review the existing evidence of the usability of open source software and discuss how the characteristics of open-source development influence usability. We describe how existing human-computer interaction techniques can be used to leverage distributed networked communities, of developers and users, to address issues of usability.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/nicholstwidale1.pdf},
	author = {David M Nichols and Michael B Twidale}
}
@article {flosswp35,
	title = {Understanding the Requirements for Developing Open Source Software Systems},
	journal = {IEE Proceedings Software},
	volume = {149},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	month = {December},
	pages = {24-39},
	abstract = {This study presents an initial set of findings from an empirical study of social processes, technical system 
configurations, organizational contexts, and interrelationships that give rise to open software. The focus is 
directed at understanding the requirements for open software development efforts, and how the 
development of these requirements differs from those traditional to software engineering and requirements 
engineering. Four open software development communities are described, examined, and compared to help discover what these differences may be. Eight kinds of software informalisms are found to play a critical role in the elicitation, analysis, specification, validation, and management of requirements for developing open software systems. Subsequently, understanding the roles these software informalisms take in a new formulation of the requirements development process for open source software is the focus of this study. This focus enables considering a reformulation of the requirements engineering process and its associated artifacts or (in)formalisms to better account for the requirements for developing open source software systems. },
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {flosswp47,
	title = {Usability and open-source software development},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Human Interaction},
	year = {2001},
	month = {June},
	pages = {49{\textendash}54},
	publisher = {ACM SIGCHI New Zealand},
	abstract = {This paper reports a usability study of the open-source Greenstone Digital Library collection-building software. The problems highlighted by the study are analysed to identify their likely source within the social context of Greenstone{\textquoteright}s development environment. We discuss how characteristics of open-source software development influence the usability of resulting software products.},
	keywords = {Greenstone, user study},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/nichols.pdf},
	author = {David M Nichols and Kirsten Thomson and Stuart A Yeates}
}
@unpublished {flosswp17,
	title = {The Use of Computer Conferencing as an Organizational Knowledge Transfer},
	year = {2001},
	month = {June},
	abstract = {Electronic bulletin boards were used as an organization-wide problem solving process that transferred private knowledge. Key organizational implications were found.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/willpope.pdf},
	author = {William Pope}
}
