@proceedings {1888,
	title = {Technical Lag in Software Compilations: Measuring How Outdated a Software Deployment Is},
	volume = {496},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {182 - 192},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	abstract = {Large software compilations based on free, open source software (FOSS) packages are the basis for many software systems. When they are deployed in production, specific versions of the packages in the compilation are selected for installation. Over time, those versions become outdated with respect to the upstream software from which they are produced, and from the components available in the compilations as well. The fact that deployed components are outdated is not a problem in itself, but there is a price to pay for not being "as much updated as reasonable". This includes bug fixes and new features that could, at least potentially, be interesting for the deployed system. Therefore, a balance has to be maintained between "being up-to-date" and "keeping the good old working versions". This paper proposes a theoretical model (the "technical lag") for measuring how outdated a system is, with the aim of assisting in the decisions about upgrading in production. The paper explores several ways in which technical lag can be implemented, depending on requirements. As an illustration, it presents as well some specific cases in which the evolution of technical lag is computed.},
	isbn = {978-3-319-57735-7},
	issn = {1868-422X},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_17},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_17},
	author = {Gonz{\'a}lez-Barahona, J.M. and Sherwood, P. and Robles, G. and Izquierdo, D.},
	editor = {Balaguer, Federico and Di Cosmo, Roberto and Garrido, Alejandra and Kon, Fabio and Gregorio Robles and Zacchiroli, Stefano}
}
@article {1857,
	title = {Is there a wage premium for volunteer OSS engagement? {\textendash} signalling, learning and noise},
	journal = {Applied Economics},
	year = {2016},
	month = {09/2016},
	pages = {1 - 16},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	abstract = {Volunteer-based open-source production has become a significant new model for the organization of software development. Economics often pictures this phenomenon as a case of signaling: Individuals engage in the volunteer programming of open-source software (OSS) as a labor-market signal resulting in a wage premium. Yet, this explanation could so far not be empirically tested. The present paper fills this gap by estimating an upper-bound composite wage premium of voluntary OSS contributions and by separating the potential signaling effect of OSS engagement from other effects. Although some 70\% of OSS contributors believe that OSS involvement benefits their careers, we find no actual labor market premium for OSS engagement. The presence of other motives such as fun of play or altruism render OSS contributions too noisy to function as a signal.},
	keywords = {open source software, peer production, signalling, voluntary work, wage formation},
	issn = {1466-4283},
	doi = {10.1080/00036846.2016.1218427},
	author = {Bitzer, J{\"u}rgen and Geishecker, Ingo and Schr{\"o}der, Philipp J. H.}
}
@conference {1874,
	title = {Towards Developing a Theory of Toxicity in the Context of Free/Open Source Software \& Peer Production Communities},
	year = {2016},
	abstract = {Information technology usage has positive aspects, but it has been acknowledged that there also exist negative ones that must be studied in more depth. Behaviors such as teasing and abusing are a main concern for Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) and peer production project leaders. Indeed, they have recurrently used the words "toxic" and "poison" to qualify behaviors threatening their communities{\textquoteright} survival. Community health has been defined as the extent to which the vital systems of an online community are continuously performing normally. This definition is based on the metaphor of "online community as a living organism" , which brings the focus on the inner workings of communities and is particularly suited to study behaviors occurring within it. In this research project, we mobilize this organismic metaphor and borrow ideas from the Toxicology discipline to develop a theory of toxicity in FOSS and \& peer production communities. There has been a substantial amount of research attention on {\textquoteright}toxic{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}poisonous{\textquoteright} behaviors at the individual level of analysis. Nonetheless, the higher-level concern of their interplay and implications on the life and health of FOSS/peer production communities, is still vastly unexplored. We would like to partake to the SIGOPEN 2016 Developmental Workshop for Openness Research to help us move our work forward with the ultimate objective to develop a theory of toxicity in the context of FOSS and peer production projects. },
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311672787_Towards_Developing_a_Theory_of_Toxicity_in_the_Context_of_FreeOpen_Source_Software_Peer_Production_Communities},
	author = {Carillo, Kevin Daniel Andre and Josianne Marsan and Bogdan Negoita Warwick}
}
@inbook {Coman2016,
	title = {Towards Open Source/Data in the Context of Higher Education: Pragmatic Case Studies Deployed in Romania},
	booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {184{\textendash}191},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	chapter = {Towards Open Source/Data in the Context of Higher Education: Pragmatic Case Studies Deployed in Romania},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {The open source ideology is unfortunately not so popular in Romania. This subject represents, to this day, an untackled problem especially in various local educational areas. The paper describes an interesting initiative taken this year by the Faculty of Computer Science, University of Ia{\c s}i, Romania to change the collective opinion by progressively pushing the new generations of students through a binding process with the ideas involved in the open source philosophy. Three ongoing initiatives addressing this problem are detailed, including the results we have obtained so far through them, and also the steps that are planned to be taken soon on the matter.
},
	isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_15},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_15},
	author = {Coman, Alexandru and C{\^\i}tea, Alexandru and Buraga, Sabin C.},
	editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman}
}
@proceedings {1767,
	title = {Toward Reusing Code Changes},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Existing techniques have succeeded to help developers
implement new code. However, they are insufficient to help to
change existing code. Previous studies have proposed techniques
to support bug fixes but other kinds of code changes such
as function enhancements and refactorings are not supported
by them. In this paper, we propose a novel system that helps
developers change existing code. Unlike existing techniques, our
system can support any kinds of code changes if similar code
changes occurred in the past. Our research is still on very early
stage and we have not have any implementation or any prototype
yet. This paper introduces our research purpose, an outline of our
system, and how our system is different from existing techniques.},
	keywords = {apache},
	url = {http://sdl.ist.osaka-u.ac.jp/~higo/data/ICSE15-MSR-05-p052.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/ICSE15-MSR-05-p052.pdf},
	author = {Higo, Yoshiki and Akio Ohtani and Shinpei Hayashi and Hata, Hideaki and Kusumoto Shinji}
}
@proceedings {1792,
	title = {Toward understanding new feature request systems as participation architectures for supporting open innovation },
	year = {2015},
	month = {08/2015},
	abstract = {Most research regarding innovation in open source software
communities pertains to identifying supporting conditions for
promoting code contribution as a way to innovate the software.
Instead, this paper seeks to identify social and technological
affordances of new feature request systems and their potential to
support open innovation through integration of peripheral
community members{\textquoteright} ideas for advancing the software. Initial
findings from the first of a planned study of multiple open source
software communities are presented to identify attributes of
effective participation architectures.},
	url = {http://www.opensym.org/os2015/proceedings-files/p202-purcell.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/p202-purcell.pdf},
	author = {Michelle W. Purcell}
}
@proceedings {1571,
	title = {Theorizing Modes of Open Source Software Development},
	year = {2014},
	month = {01/2014},
	pages = {4568-4577},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) development is distributed across actors and artifacts and involves translating diffuse representations into distinct sets of contiguous code artifacts. Despite the highly distributed and dynamic nature of OSS development, it is often described in unitary, monolithic terms {\textendash} an unfortunate situation which masks considerable variance across OSS development processes. Therefore we explore reasons for systematic variance in these processes so as to enable more effective OSS development practices. Drawing on theory of distributed cognition, we develop a language of cognitive translations, which occur within and across distributed social arrangements and structural conditions of sharing knowledge. This language provides micro-foundations for understanding how different modes of OSS development emerge. Through examining how generative characteristics of social and structural distributions in OSS shape distinct development pathways, we propose a theoretically derived typology explaining the characteristics, dynamics, and conditions for success of different modes of OSS development.},
	doi = {10.1109/HICSS.2014.560},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Theorizing\%20Modes\%20of\%20Open\%20Source\%20Software\%20Development.pdf},
	author = {Aron Lindberg and Xuan Xiao and Kalle Lyytinen}
}
@inbook {1600,
	title = {Towards Understanding of Structural Attributes of Web APIs Using Metrics Based on API Call Responses},
	booktitle = {Open Source Software: Mobile Open Source Technologies},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology},
	volume = {427},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {83-92},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	abstract = {

The latest trend across different industries is to move towards (open) web APIs. Creating a successful API, however, is not easy. A lot depends on consumers and their interest and willingness to work with the exposed interface. Structural quality, learning difficulty, design consistency, and backwards compatibility are some of the important factors in this process. The question, however, is how one can measure and track such attributes. This paper presents the beginnings of a measurement framework for web APIs that is based on the information readily available both to API providers and API consumers - API call responses. In particular, we analyze the tree-based hierarchical structure of JSON and XML data returned from API calls. We propose a set of easy-to-compute metrics as a starting point and describe sample usage scenarios. These metrics are illustrated by examples from some of the popular open web APIs.
},
	isbn = {978-3-642-55127-7},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_11},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_11},
	author = {Janes, Andrea and Remencius, Tadas and Sillitti, Alberto and Succi, Giancarlo},
	editor = {Corral, Luis and Sillitti, Alberto and Succi, Giancarlo and Vlasenko, Jelena and Wasserman, AnthonyI.}
}
@conference {1577,
	title = {Tools in Mining Software Repositories},
	booktitle = {2013 13th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA)},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {89 - 98},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam},
	abstract = {Mining software repositories (MSR) is an important area of research. An international workshop on MSR has been established under the umbrella of international conference on software engineering (ICSE) in year 2004. The quality papers received and presented in the workshop has led to initiate full-fledged conference which purely focuses on issues related to mining software engineering data since 2007. This paper is the result of reviewing all the papers published in the proceedings of the conferences on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) and in other related conference/journals. We have analyzed the papers that contained experimental analysis of software projects related to data mining in software engineering. We have identified the data sets, techniques and tools used/ developed/ proposed in these papers. More than half of the papers are involved in the task accomplished by building or using the data mining tools to mine the software engineering data. It is apparent from the results obtained by analyzing these papers that MSR authors process the raw data which in general publicly available. We categorizes different tools used in MSR on the basis of newly developed, traditional data mining tools, prototype developed and scripts. We have shown the type of mining task that has been performed by using these tools along with the datasets used in these studies.},
	doi = {10.1109/ICCSA.2013.22},
	author = {Chaturvedi, K.K. and Sing, V.B. and Singh, Prashast}
}
@book {1534,
	title = {Towards a Reference Model on How to Utilise Open Standards in Open Source Projects: Experiences Based on Drupal},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication TechnologyOpen Source Software: Quality Verification},
	volume = {404},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {257 - 263},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	abstract = {

It is known that standards implemented in Open Source software (OSS) can promote a competitive market, reduce the risk for lock-in and improve interoperability, whilst there is limited knowledge concerning the relationship between standards and their implementations in OSS. In this paper we report from an ongoing case study conducted in the context of the ORIOS (Open Source software Reference Implementations of Open Standards) project in which influences between OSS communities and software standard communities are investigated. The study focuses on the Drupal project and three of its implemented standards (RDFa, CMIS, and OpenID).
},
	isbn = {978-3-642-38928-3},
	issn = {1868-422X},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-38928-3_19},
	author = {Andersson, Stefan and Feist, Jonas and Gustavsson, Tomas and Strindberg, Henrik and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Grahn, Alexander},
	editor = {Petrinja, Etiel and Succi, Giancarlo and Ioini, Nabil and Sillitti, Alberto}
}
@article {1565,
	title = {Towards base rates in software analytics},
	journal = {Science of Computer Programming},
	year = {2013},
	month = {11/2013},
	abstract = {Nowadays a vast and growing body of open source software (OSS) project data is publicly available on the internet. Despite this public body of project data, the field of software analytics has not yet settled on a solid quantitative base for basic properties such as code size, growth, team size, activity, and project failure. What is missing is a quantification of the base rates of such properties, where other fields (such as medicine) commonly rely on base rates for decision making and the evaluation of experimental results. The lack of knowledge in this area impairs both research activities in the field of software analytics and decision making on software projects in general. This paper contributes initial results of our research towards obtaining base rates using the data available at Ohloh (a large-scale index of OSS projects). Zooming in on the venerable {\textquoteleft}lines of code{\textquoteright} metric for code size and growth, we present and discuss summary statistics and identify further research challenges.},
	keywords = {ohloh},
	issn = {01676423},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scico.2013.11.023},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642313003079},
	author = {Bruntink, Magiel}
}
@article {1706,
	title = {Trends in Free, Libre, Open Source Software Communities: From Volunteers to Companies / Aktuelle Trends in Free-, Libre-, und Open-Source-Software-Gemeinschaften: Von Freiwilligen zu Unternehmen},
	journal = {it - Information Technology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	abstract = {The first free/libre/open source software (FLOSS)
development communities were composed almost exclusively
of volunteers. They were individuals who, despite their
affiliation, contributed to the project on their own. They
decided which project to join, and their contributions were
personal in nature, even when in some cases they were
employees of companies with some interests in the project.
GNU, the first of such communities, and some others that
emerged during the late 1980s and 1990s, followed this
pattern. During the 1990s corporate interests started to
have a role in some FLOSS communities. Companies hired
people from those communities to gain influence, or tasked
their employees to contribute to them, again with the idea
of influencing their decisions. During the 2000s, corporate
communities, in which companies are first-class citizens,
have emerged, changing the rules and redefining the role of
volunteers and non-affiliated individuals. However, the role
of developers, with independence of the company for which
they work, is still important even in these communities.
This paper addresses this transition from volunteer-based
to company-based development communities, and explores
the structure and behavior of the latter.},
	issn = {1611-2776},
	doi = {10.1524/itit.2013.1012},
	url = {http://dirkriehle.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/itit.2013.1012.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/itit.2013.1012.pdf},
	author = {Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona and Gregorio Robles}
}
@article {1707,
	title = {Time-Based Release Management in Free and Open Source (FOSS) Projects},
	journal = {International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	month = {31/2012},
	pages = {1 - 19},
	abstract = {As the Free and Open Source (FOSS) concept has
matured, its commercial significance has also
increased, and issues such as quality and
sustainability have moved to the fore. In this study,
we focus on time-based release management in large
volunteer FOSS projects, and reveal how it addresses
quality and sustainability issues. We discuss the
differences between release management in the
traditional software context and contrast it with
FOSS settings. Based on detailed case studies of a
number of prominent FOSS projects, we describe the
move to time-based release management and identify
the factors and criteria necessary for a successful
transition. We also consider the implications for
software development more generally in the current
dynamic Internet-enabled environment.},
	issn = {1942-3934},
	doi = {10.4018/jossp.2012010101},
	url = {http://lero.ie/sites/default/files/Lero-TR-2011-04.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Lero-TR-2011-04.pdf},
	author = {Martin Michlmayr and Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@proceedings {1452,
	title = {Two Evolution Indicators for FOSS Projects},
	volume = {378},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {216-232},
	publisher = {IFIP AICT},
	abstract = {In this paper we introduce two project evolution indicators. One is showing an increase of downloads of the project and therefore a growing interest of users in the results of the project. The second indica- tor is predicting the future evolution of the project with the submission of new revisions to the concurrent versioning system. Both indicators can provide evidence of the sustainability of a software project. We used the General Linear Model method to statistically formulate the two linear equations that can be used to predict the two indicators. The predicting equations were build by using two stratified data samples one of 760 projects and the second of 880 projects extracted from the SourceForge repository. The six metrics included into the final version of the two models were extracted from a set of thirty project and product metrics as: the number of downloads, the number of developers, etc. We have validated the discriminant and the concurrent validity of the two models by using different statistical tests as the goodness-of-fit and we have used the two models to predict the indicators on two hold-out validation samples. The model predicting the increment of downloads was correct in 75 percent of the cases, the model predicting the submission of new revisions was correct in 93 percent of the cases.},
	keywords = {metrics, sourceforge},
	author = {Petrinja, Etiel and Succi, Giancarlo}
}
@proceedings {1473,
	title = {Two Modes of Product Development: Head-Oriented vs. Release-Oriented},
	volume = {378},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {368-370},
	publisher = {IFIP AICT,  Springer},
	address = {Eighth International Conference on Open Source Systems},
	abstract = {In this paper, the concept of two different modes for product development process is proposed. One is {\textquotedblleft}release-oriented{\textquotedblright} product development, which is a fairly common way to develop various products up to now. The other is {\textquotedblleft}head-oriented{\textquotedblright} product development, which is recently observed especially in the field of software/content development. The distinguishing difference and possible merits and demerits of two modes are scrutinized.},
	author = {Hatta, Masayuki}
}
@conference {1312,
	title = {A tale of two browsers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th working conference on Mining software repositories - MSR {\textquoteright}11},
	year = {2011},
	month = {05/2011},
	pages = {238-241},
	publisher = {ACM Press},
	organization = {ACM Press},
	address = {New York, New York, USA},
	abstract = {We explore the space of open source systems and their user communities by examining the development artifact histories of two popular web browsers -- Firefox and Chrome -- as well as usage data. By examining the data and addressing a number of research questions, two very different profiles emerge: Firefox, as the older and established system, with long product version cycles but short bug fix cycles, and a user base that is slow to adopt newer versions; and Chrome, as the new and fast evolving system, with short version cycles, longer bug fix cycles, and a user base that very quickly adopts new versions as they become available (due largely to Chrome{\textquoteright}s mandatory automatic updates).

},
	keywords = {chrome, development history, Firefox, msr challenge},
	isbn = {9781450305747},
	doi = {10.1145/1985441.1985481},
	author = {Davis, Ian and Godfrey, Michael W. and Baysal, Olga}
}
@conference {Stroulia:2011:TDS:1984665.1984670,
	title = {Teaching distributed software engineering with UCOSP: the undergraduate capstone open-source project},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 Community Building Workshop on Collaborative Teaching of Globally Distributed Software Development},
	series = {CTGDSD {\textquoteright}11},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {20{\textendash}25},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Software engineering courses in computer-science departments are meant to prepare students for the practice of designing, developing, understanding and maintaining software in the real world. The effectiveness of these courses have potentially a tremendous impact on the software industry, since it is through these courses that students must learn the state-of-the-art process and the tools of their eventual "trade", so that they can bring this knowledge to their job and thus advance the actual state of practice. The value of "learning software engineering" through project-based courses has long been recognized by educators and practitioners alike. In this paper, we discuss our experience with a distributed project-based course, which infuses the students{\textquoteright} learning experience with an increased degree of realism, which, we believe, further improves the quality of their learning and advances their readiness to join the profession.},
	keywords = {distributed, education, pedagogical, project-based courses, software engineering education},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-0590-7},
	doi = {10.1145/1984665.1984670},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1984665.1984670},
	author = {Stroulia, Eleni and Bauer, Ken and Craig, Michelle and Reid, Karen and Wilson, Greg}
}
@proceedings {1300,
	title = {The Third Generation of OSS: A Three-Stage Evolution from Gift to Commerce-Economy},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {368-378},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {Linux is penetrating into mobile software as the basis for a mobile middleware platform. It is accelerating the increasing visibility of open source software (OSS) components in mobile middleware platforms. Considering the 10-million lines of code of OSS-based industrial platforms such as a mobile middleware platform, engagement in foundations is inevitable for large-scale packages of OSS for industrial solutions. The author discusses the driving factors toward a foundation-based OSS and the transition of the underlying economy types to analyze the transitions to the third-generation OSS.},
	author = {Yamakami, Toshihiko}
}
@proceedings {1287,
	title = {To Fork or Not to Fork: Fork Motivations in SourceForge Projects},
	year = {2011},
	note = {"Using this search function, we compiled a list of all of the programs with the word {\textquotedblleft}fork{\textquotedblright}..."
"We then analyzed the motivations stated in the descriptions of the forked programs...."
"Based on the descriptions entered by the developer, we were able to identify motivations for 381 of the forks."
},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {259-268},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {A project fork occurs when software developers take a copy of source code from one software package and use it to begin an independent development work that is maintained separately from its origin. Although forking in open source software does not require the permission of the original authors, the new version, nevertheless, competes for the attention of the same developers that have worked on the original version. The motivations developers have for performing forks are many, but in general they have received little attention. In this paper, we present the results of a study of forks performed in SourceForge (http://sourceforge.net/) and list the developers{\textquoteright} motivations for their actions. The main motivation, seen in close to half of the cases of forking, was content modification; either adding content to the original program or focusing the content to the needs of a specific segment of users. In a quarter of the cases the motivation was technical modification; either porting the program to new hardware or software, or improving the original.},
	keywords = {fork rate, sourceforge},
	author = {Nyman, Linus and Mikkonen, Tommi}
}
@article {1325,
	title = {Tool Assisted Analysis of Open Source Projects},
	journal = {International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {43 - 78},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) is currently a widely adopted approach to developing and distributing software. OSS code adoption requires an understanding of the structure of the code base. For a deeper understanding of the maintenance, bug fixing and development activities, the structure of the developer community also needs to be understood, especially the relations between the code and community structures. This, in turn, is essential for the development and maintenance of software containing OSS code. This paper proposes a method and support tool for exploring the relations of the code base and community structures of OSS projects. The method and proposed tool, Binoculars, rely on generic and reusable query operations, formal definitions of which are given in the paper. The authors demonstrate the applicability of Binoculars with two examples. The authors analyze a well-known and active open source project, FFMpeg, and the open source version of the IaaS cloud computing project Eucalyptus.},
	keywords = {artifacts, tools},
	issn = {1942-3934},
	doi = {10.4018/IJOSSP.2011040103},
	author = {Syeed, M.M. Mahbubul and Aaltonen, Timo and Hammouda, Imed and Syst{\"a}, Tarja}
}
@proceedings {1271,
	title = {Towards a Unified Definition of Open Source Quality},
	year = {2011},
	note = {"In order to answer the research question, how is quality defined in the FLOSS literature, we performed a literature review."

"we searched Google Scholar for journal articles and conference papers containing the terms {\textquotedblleft}open source{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}quality{\textquotedblright}"

"This process left us with 24 papers, to which we then added 16 from the quality and defect-fixing categories in [34] that met the above stated criteria.
This left us with 40 papers that defined quality and performed some form of empirical validation of that definition."

"there is little consensus in the FLOSS literature when it comes to defining quality."

defect resolution versus modularity: "Defect resolution rates (amount of defects resolved, speed of resolution) are the best way to measure a community{\textquoteright}s commitment to quality, because they recognize that FLOSS is not a static product, but ever evolving. These rates should be calculated per release, and not cumulatively, because the cycle of FLOSS evolution is the release. Researchers should be careful to only include defects and not new feature requests, duplicates, or poorly reported bugs into their calculations.
Modularity is being touted as the main driver of FLOSS quality success, but it needs to be further defined and studied in order to understand how it works."},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {17-33},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {Software quality needs to be specified and evaluated in order to determine the success of a development project, but this is a challenge with Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) because of its permanently emergent state. This has not deterred the growth of the assumption that FLOSS is higher quality than traditionally developed software, despite of mixed research results. With this literature review, we found the reason for these mixed results is that that quality is being defined, measured, and evaluated differently. We report the most popular definitions, such as software structure measures, process measures, such as defect fixing, and maturity assessment models. The way researchers have built their samples has also contributed to the mixed results with different project properties being considered and ignored. Because FLOSS projects are evolving, their quality is too, and it must be measured using metrics that take into account its community{\textquoteright}s commitment to quality rather than just its software structure. Challenges exist in defining what constitutes a defect or bug, and the role of modularity in affecting FLOSS quality.},
	keywords = {literature review, measurement, open source, quality, Software},
	author = {Ruiz, Claudia and Robinson, William}
}
@proceedings {1286,
	title = {Towards Improving OSS Products Selection {\textendash} Matching Selectors and OSS Communities Perspectives},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {244-258},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {Adopting third-party software is becoming an economical and strategic need for today organizations. A fundamental part of its successful adoption is the informed selection of products that best fit the organization needs. One of the main current problems hampering selection, specially of OSS products is the vast amount of unstructured, incomplete, evolvable and widespread information about products that highly increases the risks of taking a wrong decision. In this paper, we aim to inform and provide evidence to OSS communities that help them to envisage improvements on their information rendering strategies to satisfy industrial OSS selectors{\textquoteright} needs. Our results are from the matching between the informational needs of 23 OSS selectors from diverse software-intensive organizations, and the in-depth study of 9 OSS communities of different sizes and domains. The results evidenced specific areas of improvement that might help to enhance the industrial OSS selection practice.},
	keywords = {empirical study, information rendering strategy, open source software, selection},
	author = {Ayala, Claudia and Cruzes, Daniela S. and Franch, Xavier and Conradi, Reidar}
}
@conference {Bougie:2011:TUT:1984701.1984707,
	title = {Towards understanding twitter use in software engineering: preliminary findings, ongoing challenges and future questions},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Web 2.0 for Software Engineering},
	series = {Web2SE {\textquoteright}11},
	year = {2011},
	note = {paper d/l from http://www.thechiselgroup.org/publications/content/towards-understanding-twitter-use-software-engineering-preliminary-findings-ong

"From this site, we selected the top 30 individuals for the topics Linux and Eclipse. We chose these two topics based on their potential to expose "tweeters" from a large operating system community as well as an IDE development community. We also decided to investigate a project for which all committers use Twitter. Through a colleague, we were informed that the MXUnit project lists the Twitter user names for all eight of its committers. The MXUnit project [5] is a small, open source ColdFusion test framework that is written as an Eclipse plug-in."},
	pages = {31{\textendash}36},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {There has been some research conducted around the motivation for the use of Twitter and the value brought by micro-blogging tools to individuals and business environments. This paper builds on our understanding of how the phenomenon affects the population which birthed the technology: Software Engineers. We find that the Software Engineering community extensively leverages Twitter{\textquoteright}s capabilities for conversation and information sharing and that use of the tool is notably different between distinct Software Engineering groups. Our work exposes topics for future research and outlines some of the challenges in exploring this type of data.},
	keywords = {eclipse, linux, mxunit, social media, software development, twitter, web 2.0},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-0595-2},
	doi = {10.1145/1984701.1984707},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1984701.1984707},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/WEB2SE2011_0.pdf},
	author = {Bougie, Gargi and Starke, Jamie and Storey, Margaret-Anne and Daniel M. German}
}
@conference {Bougie:2011:TUT:1984701.1984707,
	title = {Towards understanding twitter use in software engineering: preliminary findings, ongoing challenges and future questions},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Web 2.0 for Software Engineering},
	series = {Web2SE {\textquoteright}11},
	year = {2011},
	note = {paper d/l from http://www.thechiselgroup.org/publications/content/towards-understanding-twitter-use-software-engineering-preliminary-findings-ong

"From this site, we selected the top 30 individuals for the topics Linux and Eclipse. We chose these two topics based on their potential to expose "tweeters" from a large operating system community as well as an IDE development community. We also decided to investigate a project for which all committers use Twitter. Through a colleague, we were informed that the MXUnit project lists the Twitter user names for all eight of its committers. The MXUnit project [5] is a small, open source ColdFusion test framework that is written as an Eclipse plug-in."},
	pages = {31{\textendash}36},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {There has been some research conducted around the motivation for the use of Twitter and the value brought by micro-blogging tools to individuals and business environments. This paper builds on our understanding of how the phenomenon affects the population which birthed the technology: Software Engineers. We find that the Software Engineering community extensively leverages Twitter{\textquoteright}s capabilities for conversation and information sharing and that use of the tool is notably different between distinct Software Engineering groups. Our work exposes topics for future research and outlines some of the challenges in exploring this type of data.},
	keywords = {eclipse, linux, mxunit, social media, software development, twitter, web 2.0},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-0595-2},
	doi = {10.1145/1984701.1984707},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1984701.1984707},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/WEB2SE2011.pdf},
	author = {Bougie, Gargi and Starke, Jamie and Storey, Margaret-Anne and Daniel M. German}
}
@conference {anbalagan2010towards,
	title = {Towards a bayesian approach in modeling the disclosure of unique security faults in open source projects},
	booktitle = {Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE), 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {101{\textendash}110},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Software security has both an objective and a subjective component. A lot of the information available about that today is focused on security vulnerabilities and their disclosure. It is less frequent that security breaches and failures rates are reported, even in open source projects. Disclosure of security problems can take several forms. A disclosure can be accompanied by a release of the fix for the problem, or not. The latter category can be further divided into {\textquotedblright}voluntary{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblright}involuntary{\textquotedblright} security issues. In widely used software there is also considerable variability in the operational profile under which the software is used. This profile is further modified by attacks on the software that may be triggered by security disclosures. Therefore a comprehensive model of software security qualities of a product needs to incorporate both objective measures, such as security problem disclosure, repair and, failure rates, as well as less objective metrics such as implied variability in the operational profile, influence of attacks, and subjective impressions of exposure and severity of the problems, etc. We show how a classical Bayesian model can be adapted for use in the security context. The model is discussed and assessed using data from three open source software project releases. Our results show that the model is suitable for use with a certain subset of disclosed security faults, but that additional work will be needed to identify appropriate shape and scaling functions that would accurately reflect end-user perceptions associated with security problems.},
	keywords = {security},
	url = {http://ai2-s2-pdfs.s3.amazonaws.com/edcf/0b13ae1e6317c7e31f6b8783f669b978ffb3.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/0b13ae1e6317c7e31f6b8783f669b978ffb3.pdf},
	author = {Anbalagan, Prasanth and Vouk, Mladen}
}
@conference {1259,
	title = {Towards an Openness Rating System for Open Source Software},
	booktitle = {2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2010)},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1 - 8},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Honolulu, Hawaii, USA},
	abstract = {Many open source software projects are not very open to third party developers. The point of open source is to enable anyone to fix bugs or add desired capabilities without holding them hostage to the original developers. This principle is important because an open source project{\textquoteright}s developers may be unresponsive or unable to meet third party needs, even if funding support for requested improvements is offered.This paper presents a simple rating system for evaluating the openness of software distributions. The rating system considers factors such as platform portability, documentation, licensing, and contribution policy. Several popular open source products are rated in order to illustrate the efficacy of the rating system.},
	keywords = {alice, case study, contribution, documentation, freespire, galib, latex, license, linux, linux kernel, mediaportal, openness, openoffice, opensolaris, rating, unicon},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-5509-6},
	doi = {10.1109/HICSS.2010.405},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/10-07-04.pdf},
	author = {Bein, Wolfgang and Jeffery, Clinton}
}
@conference {1217,
	title = {Trends That Affect Temporal Analysis Using SourceForge Data},
	booktitle = {5th Workshop on Public Data about Software Development (WoPDaSD 2010)},
	year = {2010},
	note = {"In this paper we examine some of the limitations of artifact data by specifically addressing the applicability of SourceForge data to the study of project evolution."

"For our analysis we examine 9,997 Production/Stable or Maintenance phase projects stored in CVS on SourceForge and extracted in October of 2006 [5]"},
	abstract = {SourceForge is a valuable source of software artifact data for researchers who study project evolution and developer behavior. However, the data exhibit patterns that may bias temporal analyses. Most notable are cliff walls in project source code repository timelines, which indicate large commits that are out of character for the given project. These cliff walls often hide significant periods of development and developer collaboration{\textemdash}a threat to studies that rely on SourceForge repository data. We demonstrate how to identify these cliff walls, discuss reasons for their appearance, and propose preliminary measures for mitigating their effects in evolution-oriented studies.},
	keywords = {cliff walls, committers, cvs, evolution, growth, source code, sourceforge, time, time series},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/wopdasd001.pdf},
	author = {MacLean, Alexander C. and Pratt, Landon J. and Krein, Jonathan L. and Knutson, Charles D.}
}
@conference {841,
	title = {Tagommenders: Connecting Users to Items through Tags},
	booktitle = {International World Wide Web Conference},
	year = {2009},
	month = {4/20/2009},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {Madrid, Spain},
	author = {Sen, S. and Vig, J. and Riedl, J.}
}
@conference {853,
	title = {Tagsplanations: Explaining Recommendations using Tags},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces},
	year = {2009},
	month = {02/08/2009},
	address = {Sanibel Island, FL},
	keywords = {recommender, SYSTEMS, tagging,},
	author = {Vig, J. and Sen, S. and Riedl, J.}
}
@article {1238,
	title = {Teaching Software Engineering with Free/Libre Open Source Projects},
	journal = {International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {31/2009},
	pages = {72 - 90},
	abstract = {One of the major problems in software engineering education is the involvement of students in real world software projects. Industry projects are a solution, but in many cases they are hard to find and student participation can be problematic due to cultural, familiarization and other practical reasons. The abundance of Free / Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects is a neat solution, offering multi-lingual, multicultural environments in virtually every application domain, at different levels of project size, maturity, organization etc. The paper analyzes how acquisition of practical experience on several basic and advanced software engineering topics can be achieved by working in a FLOSS project. The kind of skills that can be acquired are those requested by the Overview Report for Computing Curricula by ACM and topics examined are those of the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge, by IEEE. Also software engineering areas that require special care or that may not prove suitable for such treatment are identified. Various isolated teaching cases pertaining to this approach are presented and discussed.},
	keywords = {curriculum, education, teaching, undergraduate},
	issn = {1942-3934},
	doi = {10.4018/jossp.2009010105},
	author = {Ioannis Stamelos}
}
@article {1236,
	title = {Tools for the Study of the Usual Data Sources found in Libre Software Projects},
	journal = {International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {31/2009},
	pages = {24 - 45},
	abstract = {Due to the open nature of Free/Libre/Open Source software projects, researchers have gained access to a rich set of development-related information. Although this information is publicly available on the Internet, obtaining and analyzing it in a convenient way is not an easy task and many considerations have to be taken into account. In this paper we present the most important data sources that can be found in libre software projects and that are studied by the research community: source code, source code management systems, mailing lists and bug tracking systems. We will give advice for the problems that can be found when retrieving and preparing the data sources for a posterior analysis, as well as provide information about the tools that support these tasks.},
	keywords = {bug tracking systems, data sources, mailing lists, scm, tools},
	issn = {1942-3934},
	doi = {10.4018/jossp.2009010102},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/robles.pdf},
	author = {Gregorio Robles and Gonz{\'a}lez-Barahona, Jes{\'u}s M. and Izquierdo-Cortazar, Daniel and Herraiz, Israel}
}
@conference {926,
	title = {Tracking concept drift of software projects using defect prediction quality},
	booktitle = {2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR)2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {51 - 60},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
	abstract = {Defect prediction is an important task in the mining of software repositories, but the quality of predictions varies strongly within and across software projects. In this paper we investigate the reasons why the prediction quality is so fluctuating due to the altering nature of the bug (or defect) fixing process. Therefore, we adopt the notion of a concept drift, which denotes that the defect prediction model has become unsuitable as set of influencing features has changed - usually due to a change in the underlying bug generation process (i.e., the concept). We explore four open source projects (Eclipse, OpenOffice, Netbeans and Mozilla) and construct file-level and project-level features for each of them from their respective CVS and Bugzilla repositories. We then use this data to build defect prediction models and visualize the prediction quality along the time axis. These visualizations allow us to identify concept drifts and - as a consequence - phases of stability and instability expressed in the level of defect prediction quality. Further, we identify those project features, which are influencing the defect prediction quality using both a tree induction-algorithm and a linear regression model. Our experiments uncover that software systems are subject to considerable concept drifts in their evolution history. Specifically, we observe that the change in number of authors editing a file and the number of defects fixed by them contribute to a project{\textquoteright}s concept drift and therefore influence the defect prediction quality. Our findings suggest that project managers using defect prediction models for decision making should be aware of the actual phase of stability or instability due to a potential concept drift.},
	keywords = {bugzilla, cvs, defect prediction, eclipse, mozilla, netbeans, openoffice},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-3493-0},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2009.5069480},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/51MSR2009_0111_Ekanayake_Jayalath.pdf},
	author = {Ekanayake, Jayalath and Tappolet, Jonas and Gall, Harald C. and Bernstein, Abraham}
}
@conference {Orsila:2009:TIO:1527033.1527037,
	title = {Trust issues in open source software development},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Warm Up Workshop for ACM/IEEE ICSE 2010},
	series = {WUP {\textquoteright}09},
	year = {2009},
	note = {"We have selected two highly reusable libraries, zlib and FFmpeg. The software repository of the projects were downloaded, but mining the information is not an easy task and we considered various sources {\textemdash} such as bug reports, mailing lists, IRC conversations, and source code comments {\textemdash} in addition to the revision history. "},
	pages = {9{\textendash}12},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Open source software and the associated development model holds great promise, but the issue of trust is a major challenge. This applies to companies wishing to adopt the open source model but also within open source projects. We investigate this issue by data mining open source repositories to study two related phenomena: update propagation and distributed version control.},
	keywords = {ffmpeg, trust, version control, zlib},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-565-9},
	doi = {10.1145/1527033.1527037},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1527033.1527037},
	author = {Orsila, Heikki and Geldenhuys, Jaco and Ruokonen, Anna and Hammouda, Imed}
}
@conference {850,
	title = {Two peers are better than one: aggregating peer reviews for computing assignments is surprisingly accurate},
	booktitle = {ACM 2009 International Conference on Supporting Group Work},
	year = {2009},
	month = {05/10/2009},
	pages = {115-124},
	publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	organization = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	address = {Sanibel Island, FL},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-500-0 },
	author = {Reily, K. and Finnerty, P.L. and Terveen, L.}
}
@conference {Spinellis:2008:TFK:1368088.1368140,
	title = {A tale of four kernels},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Software engineering},
	series = {ICSE {\textquoteright}08},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {381{\textendash}390},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {The FreeBSD, GNU/Linux, Solaris, and Windows operating systems have kernels that provide comparable facilities. Interestingly, their code bases share almost no common parts, while their development processes vary dramatically. We analyze the source code of the four systems by collecting metrics in the areas of file organization, code structure, code style, the use of the C preprocessor, and data organization. The aggregate results indicate that across various areas and many different metrics, four systems developed using wildly different processes score comparably. This allows us to posit that the structure and internal quality attributes of a working, non-trivial software artifact will represent first and foremost the engineering requirements of its construction, with the influence of process being marginal, if any.},
	keywords = {comparison, freebsd, linux, open source, opensolaris, proprietary software, windows, wrk},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-079-1},
	doi = {10.1145/1368088.1368140},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1368088.1368140},
	author = {Diomidis Spinellis}
}
@conference {Pattison:2008:TWP:1370750.1370776,
	title = {Talk and work: a preliminary report},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2008 international working conference on Mining software repositories},
	series = {MSR {\textquoteright}08},
	year = {2008},
	month = {05/2008},
	pages = {113{\textendash}116},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Developers in Open Source Software (OSS) projects communicate using mailing lists. By convention, the mailing lists used only for task-related discussions, so they are primarily concerned with the software under development, and software process issues (releases, etc.). We focus on the discussions concerning the software, and study the frequency with which software entities (functions, methods, classes, etc) are mentioned in the mail. We find a strong, striking, cumulative relationship between this mention count in the email, and the number of times these entities are included in changes to the software. When we study the same phenomena over a series of time-intervals, the relationship is much less strong. This suggests some interesting avenues for future research.},
	keywords = {ant, apache, email, mailing lists, postgresql, python, scm, source code},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-024-1},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1370750.1370776},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1370750.1370776},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/p113-pattison.pdf},
	author = {Pattison, David S. and Bird, Christian A. and Premkumar T. Devanbu}
}
@conference {554,
	title = {To What Extent Does It Pay to Approach Open Source Software for a Big Telco Player?},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {307 - 315},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {27},
	abstract = {In this paper we describe the strategy under adoption in Telecom Italia (TI) Technology Department toward open source software. This stems from trying to create synergy among big Telco Player to increase knowledge and influence over strategic communities to the evaluation of the creation of new communities over internally developed applications. In particular here the approach and the expectations in starting the community on WADE (Workflow and Agent Development Environment) is described. This is a platform used to develop mission critical applications and is the main evolution of JADE a popular Open Source framework for the development of interoperable intelligent multi-agent systems. It adds to JADE the support for the execution of tasks defined according to the workflow metaphor as well as a number of mechanisms that help managing the complexity of the distribution both in terms of administration and fault tolerance. The idea is to use WADE as a mean to gather critical information on the opportunity of approaching OS as a strategic mean toward the development of always more important application in Operating Support System for TI, possibly also involving other great Telco Players For this reason great care is being paid in setting up the Community environment and in deciding which metrics are to be extracted from it, since the result will be the input for a strategic decision in TI.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_27},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/To\%20What\%20Extent\%20Does\%20it\%20Pay\%20to\%20Approach.pdf},
	author = {Banzi, Massimo and Bruno, Guido and Caire, Giovanni}
}
@conference {543,
	title = {The Total Growth of Open Source},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {197 - 209},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {16},
	abstract = {Software development is undergoing a major change away from a fully closed software process towards a process that incorporates open source software in products and services. Just how significant is that change? To answer this question we need to look at the overall growth of open source as well as its growth rate. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the growth of more than 5000 active and popular open source software projects. We show that the total amount of source code as well as the total number of open source projects is growing at an exponential rate. Previous research showed linear and quadratic growth in lines of source code of individual open source projects. Our work shows that open source is expanding into new domains and applications at an exponential rate.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_16},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Total\%20Growth\%20of\%20Open\%20Source.pdf},
	author = {Amit Deshpande and Dirk Riehle}
}
@conference {539,
	title = {Towards a Global Research Infrastructure for Multidisciplinary Study of Free/Open Source Software Development},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {143 - 158},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {12},
	abstract = {The Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) research community is growing across and within multiple disciplines. This community faces a new and unusual situation. The traditional difficulties of gathering enough empirical data have been replaced by issues of dealing with enormous amounts of freely available public data from many disparate sources (online discussion forums, source code directories, bug reports, OSS Web portals, etc.). Consequently, these data are being discovered, gathered, analyzed, and used to support multidisciplinary research. However at present, no means exist for assembling these data under common access points and frameworks for comparative, longitudinal, and collaborative research across disciplines. Gathering and maintaining large F/OSS data collections reliably and making them usable present several research challenges. For example, current projects usually rely on direct access to, and mining of raw data from groups that generate it, and both of these methods require unique effort for each new corpus, or even for updating existing corpora. In this paper, we identify several needs and critical factors in F/OSS empirical research across disciplines, and suggest recommendations for design of a global research infrastructure for multi-disciplinary research into F/OSS development.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_12},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Towards\%20a\%20Global\%20Research\%20Infrastracture.pdf},
	author = {Gasser, Les and Walt Scacchi}
}
@inbook {869,
	title = {Towards a Global Research Infrastructure for Multidisciplinary Study of Free/Open Source Software Development},
	booktitle = {Open Source Development, Communities and Quality},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {143-158},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Boston},
	author = {Gasser, Les and Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Russo, B. and Damiani, E. and Hissan, S. and Lundell, B. and Succi, G.}
}
@conference {Herraiz:2008:TSB:1370750.1370786,
	title = {Towards a simplification of the bug report form in eclipse},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2008 international working conference on Mining software repositories},
	series = {MSR {\textquoteright}08},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {145{\textendash}148},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {We believe that the bug report form of Eclipse contains too many fields, and that for some fields, there are too many options. In this MSR challenge report, we focus in the case of the severity field. That field contains seven different levels of severity. Some of them seem very similar, and it is hard to distinguish among them. Users assign severity, and developers give priority to the reports depending on their severity. However, if users can not distinguish well among the various severity options, they will probably assign different priorities to bugs that require the same priority. We study the mean time to close bugs reported in Eclipse, and how the severity assigned by users affects this time. The results shows that classifying by time to close, there are less clusters of bugs than levels of severity. We therefore conclude that there is a need to make a simpler bug report form.},
	keywords = {bug fixing, bug report, bug tracking system, classification, eclipse, msr challenge, severity},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-024-1},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1370750.1370786},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1370750.1370786},
	author = {Herraiz, Israel and Daniel M. German and Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona and Gregorio Robles}
}
@conference {564,
	title = {Towards The Evaluation of OSS Trustworthiness: Lessons Learned From The Observation of Relevant OSS Projects},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {389 - 395},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {37},
	abstract = {To facilitate the adoption of open-source software (OSS) in industry, it is important to provide potential users (i.e., those who could decide to adopt OSS) with the means for evaluating the trustworthiness of OS products. This paper presents part of the work done in the QualiPSo project for this purpose. A set of factors that are believed to affect the perception of trustworthiness are introduced. In order to test the feasibility of deriving a correct, complete and reliable evaluation of trustworthiness on the basis of these factors, a set of well-known OSS projects have been chosen. Then, the possibility to assess the proposed factors on each project was verified: not all the factors appear to be observable or measurable. The paper reports what information is available to support the evaluation and what is not. This knowledge is considered to be useful to users, who are warned that there are still dark areas in the characterization of OSS products, and to developers, who should provide more data and characteristics on their products in order to support their adoption.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_37},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Toward\%20the\%20Evaluation\%20of\%20OSS.pdf},
	author = {Taibi, Davide and del Bianco, Vieri and Carbonare, Davide and Lavazza, Luigi and Morasca, Sandro}
}
@article {Sadowski2008323,
	title = {Transition of governance in a mature open software source community: Evidence from the Debian case},
	journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {"We primarily used internal documents related to the contents and context of different Debian projects."
"Furthermore, we attended several Debian conferences and were {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}lurking around{\textquotedblright} on the Debian mailing lists, websites, IRC channels, etc."},
	pages = {323 - 332},
	abstract = {As open source software (OSS) communities mature, they have to introduce a variety of governance mechanisms to manage the participation of their members and to coordinate the launch of new releases. The Debian community introduced new mechanisms of informal administrative control based on a constitution, elected leaders, and used interactive communication channels. We show that these control mechanisms were introduced as a response to emerging innovative opportunities due to the usage of source packages and to the need to build a responsive organization within the Debian OSS community.},
	keywords = {debian, governance},
	issn = {0167-6245},
	doi = {DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.05.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V8J-4SHF4BS-1/2/579ba679ee43d7c77302f3595334dd24},
	author = {Bert M. Sadowski and Gaby Sadowski-Rasters and Geert Duysters}
}
@book {50,
	title = {Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software and the Internet},
	year = {2008},
	publisher = {Duke University Press},
	organization = {Duke University Press},
	author = {Christoper Kelty}
}
@conference {874,
	title = {Talk Amongst Yourselves: Inviting Users to Participate in Online Conversations.},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces  },
	series = {Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces},
	year = {2007},
	month = {28/01/2007},
	pages = {62-71},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {Honolulu, Hawaii},
	isbn = {1-59593-481-2},
	author = {F. Harper and D. Frankowski and Drenner, S. and Y. Ren and S. Kiesler and Terveen, L. and Kraut, R. and Riedl, J.}
}
@article {flosswp352,
	title = {A test of Lazear{\textquoteright}s theory of entrepreneurship in the Open Source Software virtual community},
	year = {2007},
	month = {March},
	abstract = {This paper studies the emergence of entrepreneurs and their skill profile in the open source software community. We test the hypothesis that entrepreneurs, carrying out complex, multi-task activities, have more balanced skill sets compared with individuals who are less involved in project management activities. Our empirical analysis employs the SourceForge dataset containing information on 77,039 individuals working in 54,229 OSS projects. We estimate logit and ordered logit models to explore the likelihood that an individual is a project founder or manager. Our main regressors include individual attributes like skill level and diversity, and project-level controls. Results support our hypothesis.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/giurirullanitorrisi.pdf},
	author = {Paola Giuri and Francesco Rullani and Salvatore Torrisi}
}
@conference {666,
	title = {Toward a New Industrial Organization? OSS in Economic and Managerial Perspective},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {377 - 379},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {50},
	abstract = {At present, an more and more users are running Open Source software (OSS) on their systems. Major companies, like IBM, Oracle, or Sun Microsystems, have now started to make significant investments in developing open communities and creating a portfolio of systems incorporating OSS applications into their design. Meanwhile, an increasing number of firms are entering the market by offering OSS-based solutions to their customers, often supplying a mix of proprietary and open solutions through hybrid business models. In this context, economists and management scientists are now moving beyond the state of puzzlement that has driven much of the initial attention towards OSS. Located in the context of OSS2007 in order to foster close and fruitful interactions with scholars from various other disciplines, this workshop aims at contributing to the current evolutions of the economic and managerial research agendas about OSS, and thus to provide, first, an assessment of where we {\textemdash} economics and management scholars - are about OSS, and, second, an analysis of the renewed directions in which we should consider inquiring further in the near future, focusing notably on business, production, diffusion and innovation models.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_50},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Toward\%20a\%20new\%20indusctial\%20Org.pdf},
	author = {Dalle, Jean and Cristina Rossi and Francesco Rullani}
}
@conference {1006,
	title = {Towards a Theoretical Model for Software Growth},
	booktitle = {Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories (MSR{\textquoteright}07:ICSE Workshops 2007)},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {21 - 21},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA},
	abstract = {Software growth (and more broadly, software evolution) is usually considered in terms of size or complexity of source code. However in different studies, usually different metrics are used, which make it difficult to compare approaches and results. In addition, not all metrics are equally easy to calculate for a given source code, which leads to the question of which one is the easiest to calculate without losing too much information. To address both issues, in this paper present a comprehensive study, based on the analysis of about 700,000 C source code files, calculating several size and complexity metrics for all of them. For this sample, we have found double Pareto statistical distributions for all metrics considered, and a high correlation between any two of them. This would imply that any model addressing software growth should produce this Pareto distributions, and that analysis based on any of the considered metrics should show a similar pattern, provided the sample of files considered is large enough.},
	keywords = {C, complexity, evolution, freebsd, growth, halstead, lines of code, loc, mccabe, metrics, scm, size, sloc, sloccount, source code},
	isbn = {0-7695-2950-X},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2007.31},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/28300021.pdf},
	author = {Herraiz, Israel and Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona and Gregorio Robles}
}
@article {flosswp341,
	title = {Towards an Open Ontology for Emergency Response},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January},
	abstract = {Emergency Response and Relief Coordination Efforts are evolving to leverage the efficiencies offered by the internet in the area of real time communication among agents and stakeholders. There is widespread consensus both in the technical and ER community that to improve efficiency of response, information must be shared and web based protocols must be used [22]. In addition to known technical and non-technical obstacles that inhibit the effective and seamless coordination of operations, we identify issues that challenge the development of functional information and communication models. Recent studies in ontology engineering, and evidence from direct observations of open-source work groups in this field, point to the need for an easy to use {\textquoteright}open{\textquoteright} conceptual and semantic framework, defined here broadly as ???Open Ontology??? (OOnt), and a corresponding design and implementation methodology that can be referenced unambiguously and universally by developers and users of information systems designed to support ER operations.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/TOWARDS_AN_OPEN_ONTOLOGY_FOR_ER.pdf},
	author = {Paola Di Maio}
}
@article {495,
	title = {Towards an understanding of FLOSS: Infrastructures, Materiality and the Digital Business Ecosystem},
	journal = {Science Studies},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	abstract = {In this paper we present empirical work detailing the engagement practices of a large FLOSS project, the Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE). In common with many other FLOSS projects, the DBE project focused on the development of infrastructural software components. Infrastructures and FLOSS software exhibit multiplicity: as objects they both change and stay the same. Whilst the implications of multiplicity with respect to infrastructure have been well-documented, with respect to FLOSS, they remain under-explored. Through examining how the DBE engaged new participants we were able to explore the nature of the FLOSS software object by asking the implied question: engagement with what? We draw on recent analysis by Law and Singleton to show how the innovative yet non-existent potentiality of the DBE was as significant to engagement as its steadily growing codebase. We argue that acknowledging the materiality and immateriality of the FLOSS software object has important consequences for management of, and engagement with, FLOSS projects.},
	keywords = {engagement, FLOSS, infrastructures, INNOVATION, materiality},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Darking_Whitley.pdf},
	author = {Mary Darking and Edgar A Whitley}
}
@conference {892,
	title = {tagging, community, vocabulary, evolution},
	booktitle = {Computer Supported Cooperative Work},
	year = {2006},
	month = {04/11/2006},
	pages = {181-190},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {Banff, Alberta, Canada},
	isbn = {1-59593-249-6},
	author = {Shilad Sen and Shyong K. Lam and Dan Cosley and Al Mamunur Rashid and Dan Frankowski and Franklin Harper and Jeremy Osterhouse and John Riedl}
}
@conference {1230,
	title = {A tool for the measurement, storage, and pre-elaboration of data supporting the release of public datasets},
	booktitle = {1st Workshop on Public Data about Software Development (WoPDaSD 2006)},
	year = {2006},
	abstract = {The big number of projects producing open source software provides researches with the possibility to measure software artefacts, thus producing a huge amount of data that are available for analysis. In order to be efficient and reliable, the process of data retrieval and analysis needs to be adequately supported by tools. In particular, measurement tools should guarantee that a large amount of artefacts are measured in a coherent and efficient way. They should also guarantee that the delivered measures have a well specified structure and meaning, which should be agreed upon by the community of researchers interested in analysing the data. A problem that such tools have to face is that all the elements involved are highly variable: the data source can be available in different versions; the measures to be carried out can be defined in (often only slightly) different ways; it is usually different the output required by different types of analysis. Another non trivial problem is that measured data have to be stored persistently in a way that lets the user not only retrieve the data, but also the meta-data describing the measurement themselves. In this paper we describe a tool that addresses the requirements described above, and present a first implementation that satisfies several of such requirements. }
}
@conference {678,
	title = {A tool to support the introduction of GNU/Linux desktop system in a professional environment},
	booktitle = {OSS2006: Open Source Systems (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {253 - 260},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {The introduction of a GNU/Linux-based desktop system in a large company is often problematic, in terms of technical issues but especially for employees{\textquoteright} training costs. Mainly, these obstacles are represented by different hardware configurations that might require several ad-hoc activities to adapt a standard release to the specific environment, including company{\textquoteright}s application profile. On the other hand, GNU/Linux live distributions provide to the users{\textquoteright} community new and interesting capabilities, as self-configuration and better usability, but loosing compatibility with original distributions, that is unaffordable in professionals scenarios. DSS (Debased Scripts Set) is an answer to both questions. It is a live distribution that includes an unmodified Debian-based Linux release and a modular-designed file system.
},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34226-5_25},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/A\%20tool\%20to\%20support\%20the\%20introduction.pdf},
	author = {Di Cerbo, Francesco and Favara, Daniele and Scotto, Marco and Sillitti, Alberto and Succi, Giancarlo and Vernazza, Tullio}
}
@conference {1090,
	title = {A Topological Analysis of the Open Souce Software Development Community},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences},
	year = {2006},
	note = {"We extracted data from a 2003 data dump obtained from SourceForge. "
roles},
	pages = {1-10},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Big Island, HI, USA},
	abstract = {The fast growth of OSS has increased the interest in studying the composition of the OSS community and its collaboration mechanisms. Moreover, the success of a project may be related to the underlying social structure of the OSS development community. In this paper, we perform a quantitative analysis of Open Source Software developers by studying the entire development community at SourceForge [26]. Statistics and social network properties are explored to find collaborations and the effects of different members in the OSS development community. Small world phenomenon and scale free behaviors are found in the SourceForge development network. These topological properties may potentially explain the success and efficiency of OSS development practices. We also infer from our analysis that weakly associated but contributing co-developers and active users may be an important factor in OSS development.},
	keywords = {contributors, developers, roles, social network analysis, social networks, sourceforge, srda, users},
	doi = {10.1109/HICSS.2005.57},
	url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.132.6830\&rep=rep1\&type=pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/xuGao.pdf},
	author = {Jin Xu and Gao, Yongqin and Christley, S. and Madey, G.}
}
@conference {714,
	title = {Towards an Ontology for Open Source Software Development},
	booktitle = {OSS2006: Open Source Systems (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {65 - 75},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {Software development is a knowledge intensive process and the information generated in open source software development projects is typically housed in a central Internet repository. Open source repositories typically contains vast amounts of information, much of it unstructured, meaning that even if a question has previously been discussed and dealt with it is not a trivial task to locate it. This can lead to rework and confusion amongst developers and possibly deter new developers from getting involved in the project in the first place. This paper will present the case for an open source software development ontology. Such an ontology would enable better categorization of information and the development of sophisticated knowledge portals in order to better organize community knowledge and increase efficiency in the open source development process.
},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34226-5_7},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Towards\%20an\%20Ontology\%20for\%20OSS\%20Development.pdf},
	author = {Simmons, Gregory and Dillon, Tharam}
}
@article {flosswp230,
	title = {A Techno-Feminist Perspective on the Free/Libre Open Source Software Development},
	year = {2005},
	month = {August},
	abstract = {This paper tries to analyse the FLOSS development from a "techno-feminist" perspective (Wajcman 2004). Staying away from a reductionism that simplifies the gender issue in the FLOSS community to the level of a fight between men and women, the issues I attempt to address include not only the inequality that women face in computing, but also other inequalities that other users face mainly emerging from the power relationships between expert and lay (namely, developer and user) in software design. Instead of splitting women and men in the FLOSS development, this analysis helps motivate both men and women to work together, reduce the gender gap, and improve the disadvantaged statuses of women and a wider users community in the FLOSS development.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/lin5.pdf},
	author = {Yu-wei Lin}
}
@article {flosswp296,
	title = {Thematic Coherence and Quotation Practices in Open Source Software design-oriented online discussions},
	journal = {Group {\textquoteright}05 Conference Proceedings},
	year = {2005},
	month = {November},
	publisher = {ACM},
	abstract = {This paper presents an analysis of online discussions in Open Source Software (OSS) design. The objective of our work is to understand and model the dynamics of OSS design that take place in mailing list exchanges. We show how quotation practices can be used to locate design relevant data in discussion archives. OSS developers use quotation as a mechanism to maintain the discursive context. To retrace thematic coherence in the online discussions of a major OSS project, Python, we follow how messages are linked through quotation practices. We compare our quotation-based analysis with a more conventional analysis: a thread-based of the reply-to links between messages. The advantages of a quotation-based analysis over a thread-based analysis are outlined. Our analysis reveals also the links between the social structure and elements in the discussion space and how it shapes influence in the design process.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Barcellinietal.pdf},
	author = {F. Barcellini and F. Detienne and J. M. Burkhardt and W. Sack}
}
@article {swire2005theory,
	title = {A Theory of Disclosure for Security and Competitive Reasons: Open Source, Proprietary Software, and Government Systems},
	journal = {Hous. L. Rev.},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1333},
	publisher = {HeinOnline},
	abstract = {A previous article, {\textquotedblleft}A Model for When Disclosure Helps Security: What is
Different about Computer and Network Security?{\textquotedblright} proposed a model for
when disclosure helps or hurts security and provided reasons why computer
security is often different in this respect than physical security.
 This chapter provides a general approach for describing the incentives of actors to
disclose information about their software or systems. A chief point of this
chapter is that the incentives of disclosure depend on two largely independent
assessments: (i) the degree to which disclosure helps or hurts security},
	keywords = {security},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/KP21\%2003\%20Swire.pdf},
	author = {Swire, Peter P}
}
@booklet {513,
	title = {The Theory Of FOSS And Its Acceptance In Developing Nations},
	year = {2005},
	abstract = {Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is on the march across the globe, and it offers a reliable alternative to proprietary, commercial products and addresses the full range of users{\textquoteright} needs. For example FOSS Apache provides the majority of web pages due to its huge installed user base, with the last figures showing Apache occupying 67\% of all web sites world wide.

Since FOSS is world class, (i.e. it is free to share/distribute amongst individuals, clients, offices, etc.) and can be modified according to an individual{\textquoteright}s/organization{\textquoteright}s motives, it may be viewed as a competitor to proprietary and commercial products. For instance, when compared to the existing standard, user-friendly programs that run on Microsoft Windows and Apple operating systems, FOSS offers alternate operating systems that can be used on all computer systems and a range of Internet server software with advanced functionality.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/FOSS_IN_POLITICS.pdf},
	author = {Shiyevina Amelia Abdool}
}
@conference {720,
	title = {Towards an Open Source Development Process - Evaluating the Migration to an Open Source Project by Means of the Capability Maturity Model},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {37-43},
	abstract = {In this paper we review the ongoing development of a Web-based community system that has been migrated from a closed software development to an open source project. We identify three different phases in the migration process where the development process changed significantly. We analyse these phases by means of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM). The insights gained show the implications of such a migration process towards open source concerning the process quality of a development process. They also show underlying assumptions of the CMM that do not totally match with developments in this specific case study. As a helpful outcome, our reflection about the ongoing software development process helped identify two crucial factors: reflection about the process is possible even at lower levels and how to handle people{\textquoteright}s fluctuation to sustain a development project.},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1543},
	author = {Bleek, Wolf-Gideon and Finck, Matthias and Pape, Bernd}
}
@conference {782,
	title = {Towards Supporting Agile Practice Within The Libre Software Paradigm},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {303-304},
	abstract = {Individual agile methods have never been practiced as defined, in the same way that Royce{\textquoteright}s waterfall [1] model never reflected actual practice. Instead, practitioners adapted the core principles of these processes in order to suit their needs. Understanding this is key to appreciating the agile mindset. What does exist is a set of principles1 which, when followed loosely, form the agile practices. It is an important part of the agile mentality that the individuals within a project are more important that the process they follow. However, the individual methods do have their own identifying features that make them unique; for example testing must be performed before coding within eXtreme Programming (XP) [2]. However, if practitioners were to apply XP, exactly as Beck describes it, then they are probably not {\textquotedblleft}doing agile{\textquotedblright} as they may not be following the process that suits their needs best. One of the interesting features of the XP method is its requirement of a collocated team. Th...},
	keywords = {agile methods, agile practice, extreme programming, libre software, open source, XP},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1546},
	author = {Adams, Paul and Boldyreff, Cornelia}
}
@conference {797,
	title = {Transfering Libre Software Development Practices to the Production of Educational Resources: the Edukalibre Project},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {341-348},
	abstract = {The transfer of methodologies common in libre (free, open source) sofware development to the domain of educational resources can radically change the way educational content is developed and used, enabling both educational practitioners and students to become actively involved in its creation and distribution. New software architectures and tools are needed to effectively support this process. This paper describes a platform aimed to support the creation of free, collaboratively constructed educational content on the web, which has been developed within the Edukalibre project. It provides easy access to core technologies: a control version system combined with conversion tools to produce several convenient formats for each document. Its modular architecture offers many different interfaces to the users. The Edukalibre platform is distributed as libre software.},
	keywords = {educational resources, information systems, open source, software development practices},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1548},
	author = {Gonz{\'a}lez-Barahona, Jes{\'u}s M. and Chris Tebb and Vania Dimitrova and Chaparro, Diego and Romera, Teo}
}
@article {flosswp246,
	title = {Two-sided competition of proprietary vs. open source technology platforms and the implications for the software industry},
	year = {2005},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {Technology platforms, such as Microsoft Windows, are the hubs of technology industries. We develop a framework to characterize the optimal two-sided pricing strategy of a platform firm, that is, the pricing strategy towards the direct users of the platform as well as towards firms offering applications that are complementary to the platform. We compare industry structures based on a proprietary platform (such as Windows) with those based on an open-source platform (such as Linux) and analyze the structure of competition and industry implications in terms of pricing, sales, profitability, and social welfare. We find that, when the platform is proprietary, the equilibrium prices for the platform, the applications, and the platform access fee for applications may be below marginal cost, and we characterize demand conditions that lead to this. The proprietary applications sector of an industry based on an open source platform may be more profitable than the total profits of a proprietary platform industry. When users have a strong preference for application variety, the total profits of the proprietary industry are larger than the total profits of an industry based on an open source platform. The variety of applications is larger when the platform is open source. When a system based on an open source platform with an independent proprietary application competes with a proprietary system, the proprietary system is likely to dominate the open source platform industry both in terms of marketshare and profitability. This may explain the dominance of Microsoft in the market for PC operating systems.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/economideskatsamakas2.pdf},
	author = {Nicholas Economides and Evangelos Katsamakas}
}
@article {flosswp155,
	title = {Theory Development for Organizational Platform of User Collaboration Innovation Community},
	year = {2004},
	month = {March},
	abstract = {This study proposes the concept of the ?User Collaboration Innovation Community?, tries to understand this new phenomenon by conducting projects where the opening of source software is the subject of this analysis, borrows the observation variables and propositions adopted by Mintzberg on structures of the innovative organization, and summarizes the opinions of scholars of organizational economics, the relationship between property rights and organization performance. This study further infers a series of conceptual framework and propositions on the relationships among ?organization structure, property right, and organization innovation? for ?the organizational platform of the user collaboration innovation community?. We expect that the construction of this concept framework will function as a concrete description and presentation of the innovation model of the User Collaboration Innovation Community and will serve as a clear path to be followed for continuous research in the future.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/leechan2.pdf},
	author = {Jen-Fang Lee}
}
@proceedings {1189,
	title = {Toward Collaborative Open-Source Technology Transfer},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {34-42},
	abstract = {We analyze several occurrences of open-source technology transfer where research tools or prototypes developed in academic environments are transferred to private actors to be exploited economically. We enlight common characteristics which lead us to suggest that academic duality is a general consequence of the academic design of research tools and prototypes, and that the associated high transfer costs could be reduced first by implementing dual versioning using a dual licensing scheme, by associating a new academic public license with a traditional technology transfer one, and second through the transparent and shared maintenance of products built according to a dual architecture, as it would be precisely allowed by a dedicated collaborative development platform such as LibreSource.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/dalle35-43.pdf},
	author = {Jean-Michel Dalle and Guillame Rousseau}
}
@conference {flosswp180,
	title = {Towards a Portfolio of FLOSS project Success Measures},
	booktitle = {Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering, International Conference on Software Engineering},
	year = {2004},
	month = {May},
	abstract = {Project success is one of the most widely used dependent variables in information systems research. However, conventional measures of project success are difficult to apply to Free/Libre Open Source Software projects. In this paper, we present an analysis of four measures of success applied to SourceForge projects: number of members of the extended development community, project activity, bug fixing time and number of downloads. We argue that these four measures provide different insights into the collaboration and control mechanisms of the projects.},
	keywords = {bug fixing, developers, downloads, project success, sourceforge, team, team size},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/crowston04towards.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Hala Annabi and Howison, James and Chengetai Masango}
}
@proceedings {1167,
	title = {Tools for light-weight knowledge sharing in open-source software development},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {25-29},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/25-29.pdf},
	author = {Cubranic, Davor and Holmes, Reid and Ying, Annie and Murphy, Gail C.}
}
@proceedings {1179,
	title = {Toward an Empirical Assessment of the Benefits of Open Source Software},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {117-120},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/117-120.pdf},
	author = {Russo, Barbara and Zuliani, P. and Succi, G.}
}
@conference {Ye:2003:TUM:776816.776867,
	title = {Toward an understanding of the motivation Open Source Software developers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering},
	series = {ICSE {\textquoteright}03},
	year = {2003},
	note = {"Analyzing the emails sent to the mailing fist is one way of understanding the structure of the community."
"Table 2 displays the number of code contributions made by members to the GIMP system and the defined roles of those contributing members. We counted the number of contributions made by each person by analyzing the change log of the system."},
	pages = {419{\textendash}429},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	organization = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Washington, DC, USA},
	abstract = {An Open Source Software (OSS) project is unlikely to be successful unless there is an accompanied community that provides the platform for developers and users to collaborate. Members of such communities are volunteers whose motivation to participate and contribute is of essential importance to the success of OSS projects. In this paper, we aim to create an understanding of what motivates people to participate in OSS communities. We theorize that learning is one of the motivational forces. Our theory is grounded in the learning theory of Legitimate Peripheral Participation, and is supported by analyzing the social structure of OSS communities and the co-evolution between OSS systems and communities. We also discuss practical implications of our theory for creating and maintaining sustainable OSS communities as well as for software engineering research and education.},
	keywords = {change log, COMMUNITY, contributions, contributors, developers, email, email archives, evolution, gimp, log files, mailing list, roles, source code},
	isbn = {0-7695-1877-X},
	url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=776816.776867},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/YeKishida.pdf},
	author = {Ye, Yunwen and Kishida, Kouichi}
}
@proceedings {1168,
	title = {Towards a Product Model of Open Source Software in a Commercial Environment},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {31-37},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/31-37.pdf},
	author = {Deng, J. and Seifert, T. and Vogel, S.}
}
@article {100,
	title = {Trust, control and the role of interorganizational systems in electronic partnerships},
	journal = {Information Systems Journal},
	volume = {13},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 12},
	pages = {159-190},
	abstract = {To survive and thrive in today{\textquoteright}s competitive marketplace, organizations are increasingly migrating to new organizational structures in which partnerships and interorganizational systems (IOSs) are becoming more important. The success of these partnerships depends on both trust and control - complex constructs that act on and shape each other over time. Many organizations assume that high levels of trust are necessary for net-enabled electronic partnerships. We examine this assumption from two perspectives: the initial decision to enter into a partnership or alliance, and its ongoing operation. Our findings suggest that researchers have treated trust simplistically, failing to distinguish the need for trust (which is inversely related to the organization{\textquoteright}s ability to control its partners) and the level of trust (which is an actual quantity that may change during the lifetime of the partnership). In many organizations, there is a gap between these two trust dimensions, which management attempts to close by changing the level of control. In this process, the IOS is key. To understand the relationship of IOS use to trust and control, we applied structured content analysis and analytic induction to 16 published case studies and used the results to create a framework for relating trust and control. At the heart of the framework is the recognition that trust and control are not simple substitutes for each other. Rather, they form a dialectic, where it makes sense to consider each construct only in relationship to the other. Using the framework, we identify areas for follow-up research and suggestions for practitioners.},
	author = {Gallivan, M. J. and Depledge, G.}
}
@article {flosswp144,
	title = {TOOL: The Open Opinion Layer},
	year = {2002},
	month = {July},
	abstract = {Shared opinions drive society: what we read, how we vote, and where we shop are all heavily influenced by the choices of others. However, the cost in time and money to systematically share opinions remains high, while the actual performance history of opinion generators is often not tracked. This article explores the development of a distributed open opinion layer, which is given the generic name of TOOL. Similar to the evolution of network protocols as an underlying layer for many computational tasks, we suggest that TOOL has the potential to become a common substrate upon which many scientific, commercial, and social activities will be based.},
	author = {Hasan Masum}
}
@article {Hissam,
	title = {Trust and vulnerability in open source software},
	journal = {Software, {IEE} Proceedings -},
	volume = {149},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	month = {02/2002},
	pages = {47{\textendash}51},
	chapter = {47},
	abstract = {Software plays an ever increasing role in the critical infrastructures that run our cities, manage our economies, and defend our nations. In 1999, the Presidents Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) reported to the United States President the need for software components that are reliable, tested, modelled and secure supporting the development of predictably reliable and secure systems that underscore our critical infrastructures. Open source software (OSS) constitutes a viable source for software components. Some believe that OSS is more reliable and more secure than closed source software (CSS)-due to a phenomenon dubbed {\textquoteright}many eyeballs{\textquoteright}-but is this truly the case? Or does OSS give the cyber criminal an edge that he would likewise not have? We explore OSS from the perspective of the cyber criminal and discuss what the community of software developers and users alike can do to increase their trust in both open source software and closed source software},
	keywords = {closed source software, community of software developers, critical infrastructures, cyber criminal, open source software, PITAC, predictably reliable systems, predictably secure systems, software components, trust, users, vulnerability},
	issn = {1462-5970},
	doi = {10.1049/ip-sen:20020208},
	author = {Hissam, S. A. and Plakosh, D. and Weinstock, C.}
}
@article {121,
	title = {Two case studies of open source software development: Apache and Mozilla},
	journal = {ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology},
	volume = {11},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {apache data sources:
email, cvs, bug database 
regarding email: "We wrote Perl scripts to extract date, sender identity, message subject, and the message body that was further processed to obtain details on code changes and problem reports (see below). Manual inspection was used to resolve such things as multiple email addresses in cases where all automated techniques failed."
(but the rest of the paper does not address this data source at all)

mozilla data sources
bugzilla, cvs

},
	pages = {309-346},
	abstract = {According to its proponents, open source style software development has the capacity to compete successfully, and perhaps in many cases displace, traditional commercial development methods. In order to begin investigating such claims, we examine data from two major open source projects, the Apache web server and the Mozilla browser. By using email archives of source code change history and problem reports we quantify aspects of developer participation, core team size, code ownership, productivity, defect density, and problem resolution intervals for these OSS projects. We develop several hypotheses by comparing the Apache project with several commercial projects. We then test and refine several of these hypotheses, based on an analysis of Mozilla data. We conclude with thoughts about the prospects for high- performance commercial/ open source process hybrids.},
	keywords = {apache, bug fixing, bug reports, bugzilla, change history, core, defect density, email, email archives, mailing list, mozilla, ownership, participation, productivity, scm, source code},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/mockusFieldingHerbsleb2002.pdf},
	author = {Audris Mockus and Roy Fielding and Herbsleb, J. D.}
}
@conference {1146,
	title = {Taxonomy of Open Source Software Development},
	booktitle = {1st Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering at ICSE 2001},
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {jun, linux, postgresql, wingnut},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/nakakojiyamamoto.PDF},
	author = {Nakakoji, K. and Yamamoto, Y.}
}
