@proceedings {1896, title = {Addressing Lock-in, Interoperability, and Long-Term Maintenance Challenges Through Open Source: How Can Companies Strategically Use Open Source?}, volume = {496}, year = {2017}, month = {05/2017}, pages = {80-88}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {This industry paper reports on how strategic use of open source in company contexts can provide effective support for addressing the fundamental challenges of lock-in, interoperability, and longevity of software and associated digital assets. The fundamental challenges and an overview of an ongoing collaborative research project are presented. Through a conceptual model for open source usage in company contexts we characterise how companies engage with open source and elaborate on how the fundamental challenges can be effectively addressed through open source usage in company contexts. }, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_9}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_9}, author = {Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Stefan Tengblad and Bahram Hooshyar Yousefi and Thomas Fischer and Gert Johansson and Bengt Rodung and Mattsson, Anders and Johan Oppmark and Gustavsson, Tomas and Feist, Jonas and Stefan Landemoo and Erik L{\"o}nroth} } @inbook {Bibi2016, title = {A Bayesian Belief Network for Modeling Open Source Software Maintenance Productivity}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {32{\textendash}44}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {A Bayesian Belief Network for Modeling Open Source Software Maintenance Productivity}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Maintenance is one of the most effort consuming activities in the software development lifecycle. Efficient maintenance within short release cycles depends highly on the underlying source code structure, in the sense that complex modules are more difficult to maintain. In this paper we attempt to unveil and discuss relationships between maintenance productivity, the structural quality of the source code and process metrics like the type of a release and the number of downloads. To achieve this goal, we developed a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) involving several maintainability predictors and three managerial indices for maintenance (i.e., duration, production, and productivity) on 20 open source software projects. The results suggest that maintenance duration depends on inheritance, coupling, and process metrics. On the other hand maintenance production and productivity depend mostly on code quality metrics. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_3}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_3}, author = {Bibi, Stamatia and Apostolos Ampatzoglou and Ioannis Stamelos}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Rodr{\'\i}guez-P{\'e}rez2016, title = {BugTracking: A Tool to Assist in the Identification of Bug Reports}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {192{\textendash}198}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {BugTracking: A Tool to Assist in the Identification of Bug Reports}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Issue tracking systems are used, in most software projects, but in particular in almost all free open source software, to record many different kinds of issues: bug reports, feature requests, maintenance tickets and even design discussions. Identifying which of those issues are bug reports is not a trivial task. When researchers want to conduct studies on the bug reports, managed by a software development project, first of all they need to perform this identification. The job for researchers here is very different from the bug triaging that researchers do. In the latter case, people with a considerate experience in the project make a decision based on the information available at that time (maybe just a short comment by some user), asking, if needed, for more details. In the former case, researchers usually have not that experience in the project, but they have at their use all the information produced, until the moment the issue was closed. This may include not only all comments and actions on the issue tracking system, but for example, discussions about a fix in the code review system, or the final fixing patch in the source code management system. Having all that information conveyed to the researchers, in an easy, flexible and quick way, accelerates and makes their decision process much more reliable. It simplifies large scale manual analysis of issues (in hundreds or thousands), helping researchers to ensure that they are really working with what they intend to work: bug reports. This paper presents a tool designed to solve exactly the problem of providing the researchers with all the relevant information needed to decide whether an issue corresponds to a bug report or not. The tool uses information extracted automatically from the projects repositories. It offers a web-based interface which allows collaboration, traceability and transparency of the identification of bug reports. All this makes the process easier, faster, and more reliable.}, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_16}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_16}, author = {Rodr{\'\i}guez-P{\'e}rez, Gema and Gonzalez-Barahona, Jes{\'u}s M. and Gregorio Robles and Dalipaj, Dorealda and Sekitoleko, Nelson}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Kalliamvakou2016, title = {Certification of Open Source Software {\textendash} A Scoping Review}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {111{\textendash}122}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {Certification of Open Source Software {\textendash} A Scoping Review}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Open source software (OSS) systems are being used for increasingly critical functions in modern societies, e.g., in health care, finance, government, defense, and other safety and security sensitive sectors. There is an increasing interest in software certification as a means to assure quality and dependability of such systems. However, the development processes and organizational structures of OSS projects can be substantially different from traditional closed-source projects. The distributed, {\textquotedblleft}bazaar-style{\textquotedblright} approach to software development in OSS systems is often perceived incompatible with certification. This paper presents the results of a scoping review on certification in OSS systems in order to identify and categorize key issues and provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on this topic. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_9}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_9}, author = {Kalliamvakou, Eirini and Weber, Jens and Knauss, Alessia}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Murphy2016, title = {Classifying Organizational Adoption of Open Source Software: A Proposal}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {123{\textendash}133}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {Classifying Organizational Adoption of Open Source Software: A Proposal}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Staged adoption models are a common feature of information systems (IS) adoption literature, yet these are rarely used in open source software (OSS) adoption studies. In this paper, a staged model for classifying the organizational adoption of OSS is proposed, based upon a critical review of existing staged adoption models and factors identified from OSS adoption literature. Innovations in the proposed model include: defined transition pathways between stages, additional stages and a decomposition of cessation of use into four distinct pathways. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_10}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_10}, author = {Murphy, Stephen and Cox, Sharon}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Harzl2016, title = {Combining FOSS and Kanban: An Action Research}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {71{\textendash}84}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {Combining FOSS and Kanban: An Action Research}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Even though Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Agile Software Development (ASD) have been recognized as important ways to develop software, share some similarities, and have many success stories, there is a lack of research regarding the comprehensive integration of both practices. This study attempts to consolidate these methods and to answer if FOSS and ASD can be combined successfully. Action Reseach (AR) is conducted with one sub-team of a large FOSS project. We performed two action research cycles based on the Kanban method. This paper has two main contributions; first, it describes a real world situation, where Kanban is applied to a FOSS project, and second, it suggests two new Kanban practices. These two methods are targeted specifically at FOSS projects and their characteristics. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_6}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_6}, author = {Harzl, Annemarie}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Crowston2016, title = {Core-Periphery Communication and the Success of Free/Libre Open Source Software Projects}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {45{\textendash}56}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {We examine the relationship between communications by core and peripheral members and Free/Libre Open Source Software project success. The study uses data from 74 projects in the Apache Software Foundation Incubator. We conceptualize project success in terms of success building a community, as assessed by graduation from the Incubator. We compare successful and unsuccessful projects on volume of communication by core (committer) and peripheral community members and on use of inclusive pronouns as an indication of efforts to create intimacy among team members. An innovation of the paper is that use of inclusive pronouns is measured using natural language processing techniques. We find that core and peripheral members differ in their volume of contribution and in their use of inclusive pronouns, and that volume of communication is related to project success. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_4}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_4}, author = {Kevin Crowston and Shamshurin, Ivan}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Poo-Caama{\~n}o2016, title = {Herding Cats: A Case Study of Release Management in an Open Collaboration Ecosystem}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {147{\textendash}162}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {Herding Cats: A Case Study of Release Management in an Open Collaboration Ecosystem}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Release management in large-scale software development projects requires significant communication and coordination. It is particularly challenging in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) ecosystems, in which hundreds of loosely connected developers and their projects need to be coordinated to release software to a schedule. To better understand this process and its challenges, we analyzed over two and half years of communication in the GNOME ecosystem and studied developers{\textquoteright} interactions. We cataloged communication channels, categorized high level communication and coordination activities in one of them, and triangulated our results by interviewing developers. We found that a release schedule, influence instead of direct control, and diversity are factors that impact positively the release process in the GNOME ecosystem. Our results can help organizations build better large-scale teams and show that research focused on individual projects might miss important parts of the picture. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_12}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_12}, author = {Poo-Caama{\~n}o, Germ{\'a}n and Singer, Leif and Knauss, Eric and Daniel M. German}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Hirao2016, title = {The Impact of a Low Level of Agreement Among Reviewers in a Code Review Process}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {97{\textendash}110}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Software code review systems are commonly used in software development. In these systems, many patches are submitted to improve the quality. To verify the quality, voting is commonly used by contributors; however, there still exists a major problem, namely, that reviewers do not always simply reach a broad agreement. In our previous study, we found that consensus is not usually reached, implying that an individual reviewer{\textquoteright}s final decision usually differs from that of the majority of the other reviewers. In this study, we further investigate the reasons why such situations often occur, and provide suggestions for better handling of these problems. Our analysis of the Qt and OpenStack project datasets allow us to suggest that a patch owner should select more appropriate reviewers who often agree with others{\textquoteright} decisions. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_8}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_8}, author = {Hirao, Toshiki and Ihara, Akinori and Ueda, Yuki and Phannachitta, Passakorn and Matsumoto, Ken-ichi}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {M{\"a}enp{\"a}{\"a}2016, title = {In-between Open and Closed - Drawing the Fine Line in Hybrid Communities}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {134{\textendash}146}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {In-between Open and Closed - Drawing the Fine Line in Hybrid Communities}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Today, the community driven development model extends into a variety of new, often web based collaborations. Among these are hybrid open source development set ups in which various online tools are used to facilitate cooperation between virtual teams of commercial and voluntary stakeholders. As yet, how these relationships form and evolve is not understood extensively. This article presents a longitudinal case study of a smartphone startup that founded its early product development strategy on reliance on feedback from its customers through a web based question and answer forum. With this, the company managed to extend values typical for open source communities to support development of its proprietary software. Our main findings include that the challenge in similar settings lies in striking the right balance between the open and the proprietary {\textendash} while overt openness may risk the competitive advantage of a company, leaving too much behind closed boundaries can create unnecessary friction in the relationship. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_11}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_11}, author = {M{\"a}enp{\"a}{\"a}, Hanna and Kilamo, Terhi and M{\"a}nnist{\"o}, Tomi}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Gamalielsson2016, title = {On Involvement in Open Standards: How Do Organisations Contribute to W3C Standards Through Editorship?}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {57{\textendash}70}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {On Involvement in Open Standards: How Do Organisations Contribute to W3C Standards Through Editorship?}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Over the years, a number of open standards have been developed and implemented in software for addressing a number of challenges, such as lock-in, interoperability and longevity of software systems and associated digital artefacts. Understanding organisational involvement and collaboration in standardisation is important for informing any future policy and organisational decisions concerning involvement in standardisation. The overarching goal of the study is to establish how organisations contribute to open standards development through editorship. Specifically, the focus is on open standards development in W3C. Through an analysis of editorship for all W3C recommendations we contribute novel findings concerning organisational involvement and collaboration, and highlight contributions from different types of organisations and countries for headquarter of each organisation. We make three principal contributions. First, we establish an overall characterisation of organisational involvement in W3C standardisation. Second, we report on organisational involvement in W3C standardisation over time. Third, we establish organisational collaboration in W3C standardisation through social network analysis. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_5}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_5}, author = {Gamalielsson, Jonas and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Berger2016, title = {An Open Continuous Deployment Infrastructure for a Self-driving Vehicle Ecosystem}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {177{\textendash}183}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {An Open Continuous Deployment Infrastructure for a Self-driving Vehicle Ecosystem}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Self-driving vehicles are an ongoing research and engineering topic even though first automotive OEMs started to deploy such features to their premium vehicles. Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg are operating and maintaining a vehicle laboratory comprising 1/10 scaled cars, a Volvo XC90, and a Volvo FH truck to conduct studies with automated driving. This laboratory is used both from researchers from different disciplines and in education. The experimental software for all these platforms is powered by the same software environment for different hardware architectures. Therefore, maintaining and deploying new features and bugfixes to the users of this laboratory in a fast way needs to be organized in a reproducible yet easily maintainable manner. This paper outlines our open approach to encapsulate our build, test, and deployment process using VirtualBox, Docker, and Jenkins. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_14}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_14}, author = {Berger, Christian}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Abdulwahhab2016, title = {The Role of Local Open Source Communities in the Development of Open Source Projects}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {3{\textendash}15}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {The Role of Local Open Source Communities in the Development of Open Source Projects}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {This paper investigates the position of local open source communities (LOSCs) in the development of open source projects (OSPs). We have conducted an empirical study to examine the role of LOSCs, their way of working, and the benefits/challenges they experience compared to the overall global community. The qualitative investigation consisted of ten semi-structured interviews with members within different LOSCs. The results confirm the importance of LOSCs and the pivotal role they play in the development of OSPs. In many cases, they act as the middleman between individual members and the project{\textquoteright}s global community. However, LOSCs have their own kinds of challenges. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_1}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_1}, author = {Abdulwahhab, Sinan and Alabady, Yazen and Sattar, Yacoub and Hammouda, Imed}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {AbbaspourAsadollah2016, title = {A Study of Concurrency Bugs in an Open Source Software}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {16{\textendash}31}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {A Study of Concurrency Bugs in an Open Source Software}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Concurrent programming puts demands on software debugging and testing, as concurrent software may exhibit problems not present in sequential software, e.g., deadlocks and race conditions. In aiming to increase efficiency and effectiveness of debugging and bug-fixing for concurrent software, a deep understanding of concurrency bugs, their frequency and fixing-times would be helpful. Similarly, to design effective tools and techniques for testing and debugging concurrent software understanding the differences between non-concurrency and concurrency bugs in real-word software would be useful. This paper presents an empirical study focusing on understanding the differences and similarities between concurrency bugs and other bugs, as well as the differences among various concurrency bug types in terms of their severity and their fixing time. Our basis is a comprehensive analysis of bug reports covering several generations of an open source software system. The analysis involves a total of 4872 bug reports from the last decade, including 221 reports related to concurrency bugs. We found that concurrency bugs are different from other bugs in terms of their fixing time and their severity. Our findings shed light on concurrency bugs and could thereby influence future design and development of concurrent software, their debugging and testing, as well as related tools. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_2}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_2}, author = {Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara and Sundmark, Daniel and Eldh, Sigrid and Hansson, Hans~ and Enoiu, Eduard Paul}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Coman2016, title = {Towards Open Source/Data in the Context of Higher Education: Pragmatic Case Studies Deployed in Romania}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {184{\textendash}191}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {Towards Open Source/Data in the Context of Higher Education: Pragmatic Case Studies Deployed in Romania}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {The open source ideology is unfortunately not so popular in Romania. This subject represents, to this day, an untackled problem especially in various local educational areas. The paper describes an interesting initiative taken this year by the Faculty of Computer Science, University of Ia{\c s}i, Romania to change the collective opinion by progressively pushing the new generations of students through a binding process with the ideas involved in the open source philosophy. Three ongoing initiatives addressing this problem are detailed, including the results we have obtained so far through them, and also the steps that are planned to be taken soon on the matter. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_15}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_15}, author = {Coman, Alexandru and C{\^\i}tea, Alexandru and Buraga, Sabin C.}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Heppler2016, title = {Who Cares About My Feature Request?}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {85{\textendash}96}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Previous studies on issue tracking systems for open source software (OSS) focused mainly on requests for bug fixes. However, requests to add a new feature or an improvement to an OSS project are often also made in an issue tracking system. These inquiries are particularly important because they determine the further development of the software. This study examines if there is any difference between requests of the IBM developer community and other sources in terms of the likelihood of successful implementation. Our study consists of a case study of the issue tracking system BugZilla in the Eclipse integrated development environment (IDE). Our hypothesis, which was that feature requests from outsiders have less chances of being implemented, than feature requests from IBM developers, was confirmed. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_7}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_7}, author = {Heppler, Lukas and Eckert, Remo and Stuermer, Matthias}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {Robles2016, title = {Women in Free/Libre/Open Source Software: The Situation in the 2010s}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings}, year = {2016}, pages = {163{\textendash}173}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {Women in Free/Libre/Open Source Software: The Situation in the 2010s}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Women are underrepresented in the IT sector. But the situation in FLOSS (free, libre, open source software) development is really extreme in this respect: past publications and studies show a female participation of around 2 \% to 5 \% and have shed some light into this problem. In this paper, we give an update the state of knowledge to the current situation of gender in FLOSS, by analyzing the results of surveying more than 2,000 contributors to FLOSS projects in 2013, of which more than 200 were women. Our findings confirm that women enter the FLOSS community later than men, do primarily other tasks than coding, participate less if they have children, and have slightly different reasons to enter (and to stay in) the development communities they join. However, we also find evidence that women are joining FLOSS projects in higher numbers in recent years, and that the share of women devoting few hours per week to FLOSS and full-time dedication is higher than for men. All in all, comparing our results with the ones from the 2000s, the context of participation of women in FLOSS has not changed much. }, isbn = {978-3-319-39225-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_13}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_13}, author = {Gregorio Robles and Reina, Laura Arjona and Gonz{\'a}lez-Barahona, Jes{\'u}s M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, Santiago Due{\~n}as}, editor = {Kevin Crowston and Hammouda, Imed and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Gregorio Robles and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Juho Lindman} } @inbook {1735, title = {On the Availability and Effectiveness of Open Source Software for Digital Signing of PDF Documents}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Adoption and Impact}, series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, volume = {451}, year = {2015}, pages = {71-80}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, abstract = {Digital signatures are important in order to ensure the integrity and authenticity of information communicated over the Internet involving different stakeholders within and beyond the borders of different nations. The topic has gained increased interest in the European context and there is legislation and project initiatives aiming to facilitate use and standardisation of digital signatures. Open standards and open source implementations of open standards are important means for the interoperability and long-term maintenance of software systems implementing digital signatures. In this paper we report from a study aiming to establish the availability and effectiveness of software provided under an open source license for digital signing and validation of PDF documents. Specifically, we characterise the use of digital signatures in Swedish Governmental agencies, report on the interoperability of open source and proprietary licensed software for digital signatures in PDF documents, and establish the effectiveness of software provided under an open source license for validation of digital signatures in PDF documents. }, isbn = {978-3-319-17836-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_7}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_7}, author = {Gamalielsson, Jonas and Jakobsson, Fredrik and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Feist, Jonas and Gustavsson, Tomas and Landqvist, Fredric}, editor = {Damiani, Ernesto and Frati, Fulvio and Dirk Riehle and Wasserman, Anthony I.} } @book {1534, title = {Towards a Reference Model on How to Utilise Open Standards in Open Source Projects: Experiences Based on Drupal}, series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication TechnologyOpen Source Software: Quality Verification}, volume = {404}, year = {2013}, pages = {257 - 263}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, abstract = { It is known that standards implemented in Open Source software (OSS) can promote a competitive market, reduce the risk for lock-in and improve interoperability, whilst there is limited knowledge concerning the relationship between standards and their implementations in OSS. In this paper we report from an ongoing case study conducted in the context of the ORIOS (Open Source software Reference Implementations of Open Standards) project in which influences between OSS communities and software standard communities are investigated. The study focuses on the Drupal project and three of its implemented standards (RDFa, CMIS, and OpenID). }, isbn = {978-3-642-38928-3}, issn = {1868-422X}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-38928-3_19}, author = {Andersson, Stefan and Feist, Jonas and Gustavsson, Tomas and Strindberg, Henrik and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Grahn, Alexander}, editor = {Petrinja, Etiel and Succi, Giancarlo and Ioini, Nabil and Sillitti, Alberto} } @proceedings {1476, title = {How Can Open Standards Be Effectively Implemented in Open Source? Challenges and the ORIOS Project}, volume = {378}, year = {2012}, month = {09/2012}, pages = {383-388}, publisher = {IFIP AICT, Springer}, address = {Eighth International Conference on Open Source Systems}, abstract = {Many organisations are currently restricted in their choice of software because of restrictions imposed by existing systems. Challenges include a lack of interoperability and a risk of technological lock-in, which many small companies seek to address by utilising Open Standards and Open Source implementations of such standards when developing and deploying systems. This paper presents an overview of how the industrial research project ORIOS (Open Source software Reference Implementations of Open Standards) seeks to address identified challenges. An overarching goal of the project is to improve understanding within organisations of Open Standards, Open Source Reference Implementations, and the ecosystems around them. This will be done by developing a reference model of necessary and desirable features of an Open Standard, and how Open Standards and their implementations can be utilised by small companies in different usage contexts. An action case study approach will be used as a core strategy for evolving a reference model together with Swedish companies.}, author = {Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and AbduraHmanovic, Admir and Andersson, Stefan and BergstroĢˆm, Erik and Feist, Jonas and Gamalielsson, Jonas and Gustavsson, Tomas and Kahlbom, Roger and Papaxanthis, Konstantin} } @proceedings {1441, title = {Long-Term Sustainability of Open Source Software Communities beyond a Fork: A Case Study of LibreOffice}, volume = {378}, year = {2012}, month = {09/2012}, pages = {29-47}, publisher = {IFIP AICT}, abstract = {Many organisations have requirements for long-term sustainable software systems and associated communities. In this paper we consider long-term sustainability of Open Source software communities in Open Source projects involving a fork. There is currently a lack of studies in the literature that address how specific Open Source software communities are affected by a fork. We report from a case study aiming to investigate the developer community around the LibreOffice project, which is a fork from the OpenOffice.org project. The results strongly suggest a long-term sustainable community and that there are no signs of stagnation in the project 15 months after the fork. Our analysis provides details on the LibreOffice developer community and how it has evolved from the OpenOffice.org community with respect to project activity, long-term involvement of committers, and organisational influence over time. The findings from our analysis of the LibreOffice project make an important contribution towards a deeper understanding of challenges regarding long-term sustainability of Open Source software communities.}, author = {Gamalielsson, Jonas and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn} } @proceedings {1299, title = {Open Source Software for Model Driven Development: A Case Study}, year = {2011}, month = {10/2011}, pages = {348-367}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {Model Driven Development (MDD) is widely used in the embedded systems domain, and many proprietary and Open Source tools exist that support MDD. The potential for sustainability of such tools needs to assessed prior to any organisational adoption. In this paper we report from a case study conducted in a consultancy company context aiming to investigate Open Source tools for MDD. For the company it was interesting to explore the two Open Source modelling tools Topcased and Papyrus for potential adoption. The focus for our case study is on assessing the health of the ecosystems for the two investigated Open Source projects by means of quantitative analysis of publically available data sources about Open Source projects. The health of ecosystems is an important prerequisite for a long term sustainable OSS (Open Source Software) tool-chain in the MDD area, which can aid strategic decision making for potential adoption within a company context. We have established details on the extent to which developers and users are active in two specific OSS ecosystems, and identified organisational influence for both ecosystems. We find that the investigated tools are promising regarding the health of their ecosystems, and a natural next step for the company would be to proceed with a pilot study in order to analyse the effectiveness of the investigated tools in company contexts.}, author = {Gamalielsson, Jonas and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Mattsson, Anders} } @conference {1222, title = {Responsiveness as a measure for assessing the health of OSS ecosystems}, booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Building Sustainable Open Source Communities (OSCOMM 2010)}, year = {2010}, note = {"Data was collected from the GMANE (gmane.org) archives of the SourceForge {\textquotedblleft}Nagios-devel{\textquotedblright} mailing list for the period from January 2004 to October 2009". response time, responsiveness. "}, month = {05/2010}, abstract = {The health of an Open Source ecosystem is an important decision factor when considering the adoption of Open Source software or when monitoring a seeded Open Source project. In this paper we introduce responsiveness as a qualitative measure of the quality of replies within mailing lists, which can be used for assessing ecosystem health. We consider one specific metric of responsiveness in this paper, and that is the response time of follow-up messages in mailing lists. We also describe a way for characterising the nature of communication in messages with short and long response times. The approach is tested in the context of the Nagios project, and we particularly focus on the responsiveness for contributors acting in their professional roles as core developers. Our contribution is a step towards a deeper understanding of voluntary support provided in mailing lists of OSS projects.}, keywords = {email, email archives, gmane, mailing lists, nagios, response time, sourceforge}, attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/osscomm002.pdf}, author = {Gamalielsson, Jonas and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Lings, Brian} } @conference {602, title = {A Joint Workshop of QACOS and OSSPL}, booktitle = {OSS2009: Open Source Ecosystems: Diverse Communities Interacting (IFIP 2.13)}, series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology }, volume = {299/2009}, year = {2009}, month = {2009///}, pages = {357 - 358}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {34}, abstract = {The OSS movement, which originated from a pragmatic need to share code among individuals, has grown to become a major force behind inter-organizational reuse of platforms, components and code. The use of open source software to build single or family of systems (i.e., product line development) appears to be a profitable way to quality software products. On the other hand, because of the diverse use of open source software, product line development is an attractive way of working in open source communities. The configuration mechanisms used in open source communities may be applicable within software product lines variability management. In addition, product line organizations are usually involved in distributed development, which works very efficiently within open source communities, leading to high quality products. However, at present, there is limited interaction between the open source and product line development communities. }, issn = {978-3-642-02031-5}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_34}, attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Joint\%20Workshop\%20of\%20QACOS.pdf}, author = {Ali Babar, Muhammad and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and van der Linden, Frank} } @conference {596, title = {Openness to Standard Document Formats in Swedish Public Sector Organisations}, booktitle = {OSS2009: Open Source Ecosystems: Diverse Communities Interacting (IFIP 2.13)}, series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology }, volume = {299/2009}, year = {2009}, month = {2009///}, pages = {320 - 329}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {28}, abstract = {There is a strong movement in Europe to promote products that support open, well-documented standards. Directives and proposals at European and national levels have been developed in this area. There is in particular an increasing recognition of the need for governmental organisations to support and promote standard document formats. This vision can stand in stark contrast with the reality of those document formats which can currently be accepted and produced by those organisations. In this paper we address the question: to what extent can and do Swedish governmental organisations respond appropriately when presented with a document in a format that conforms to an open standard? We find that a small minority of organisations can actually do so, whereas all are willing and able to accept documents in a proprietary format. The study also highlights a lack of transparency in organisations regarding formats which should be accepted and used for communication with the general public. }, issn = {978-3-642-02031-5}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_28}, attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Openness\%20to\%20Standard\%20Document\%20Formats.pdf}, author = {Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Lings, Brian} } @conference {610, title = {Panel: Open Source in the Public Sector}, booktitle = {OSS2009: Open Source Ecosystems: Diverse Communities Interacting (IFIP 2.13)}, series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology }, volume = {299/2009}, year = {2009}, month = {2009///}, pages = {368 - 369}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {42}, abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) is becoming mainstream, and it is perhaps not surprising that public sector organisations seek to explore the potential of OSS in financially difficult times. Today, OSS has become an issue of strategic importance for many public sector organisations. In addition, related to OSS, many organisations and governments are also acknowledging Open Standards as important for addressing various lock-in scenarios. }, issn = {978-3-642-02031-5}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_42}, attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Panel\%20Open\%20Source.pdf}, author = {Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Amundsen, Morten and Ghosh, Rishab and Hardy, Jean-Luc and Sj{\"o}sw{\"a}rd, Per-Ola} } @conference {604, title = {Workshop {\textendash} Serious Games and Open Source: Practice and Futures}, booktitle = {OSS2009: Open Source Ecosystems: Diverse Communities Interacting (IFIP 2.13)}, series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology }, volume = {299/2009}, year = {2009}, month = {2009///}, pages = {361 - 362}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {36}, abstract = {Computer games are increasingly used throughout our society with people playing on the bus, at home and at work. Computer games thus affect larger and larger number of people and areas in the society of today. There are even scholars who advocate that games create better environments for learning than traditional classrooms. This situation motivates the use of games and game technology for additional purposes, e.g. education, training, health care or marketing. }, issn = {978-3-642-02031-5}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_36}, attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Workshop\%20Serious\%20Games\%20and\%20Open\%20Source.pdf}, author = {Backlund, Per and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Walt Scacchi} } @conference {567, title = {Panel: Opportunities and Risks for Open Source Software in Industry}, booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)}, series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing}, volume = {275/2008}, year = {2008}, month = {2008///}, pages = {413 - 414}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {40}, abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) is a multi-faceted phenomenon which has become an issue of strategic importance for many commercial organisations. Stemming from an ideological issue, with emphasis on freedom and community values, we have recently seen a broader interest in the Open Source phenomenon amongst practitioners in many companies. A number of SMEs and large companies are currently exploring the potential of Open Source, and for some it has become core to their business and development activities. }, issn = {978-0-387-09683-4}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_40}, attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Panel\%20Opportunities\%20\%26\%20Risks.pdf}, author = {Feller, Joseph and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Marttiin, Pentti and Walt Scacchi and Schellingerhout, Nico} } @conference {646, title = {Learning Through Practical Involvement in the OSS Ecosystem: Experiences from a Masters Assignment}, booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)}, series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing }, volume = {234/2007}, year = {2007}, month = {2007///}, pages = {289 - 294}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {30}, abstract = {Increased awareness of and interest in Open Source has led to a number of university teaching initiatives, at both national and European level. In this paper we present experiences from a practical assignment designed to give students on an Open Source Masters course an insight into real involvement in Open Source projects. It discusses the motivations for the assignment, and how it was set up and executed. It reports on post facto student feedback, and reflects on a parallel, reduced exercise offered at undergraduate level. We find that the learning experience was both positive and valuable in that it gave real insight into Open Source participation, and also encouraged further participation in Open Source projects by students after the course had completed. }, issn = {978-0-387-72485-0}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_30}, attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Learning\%20through\%20practical\%20involvement.pdf}, author = {Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Persson, Anna and Lings, Brian} } @conference {665, title = {Open Source Software and Product Lines 2007}, booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)}, series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing }, volume = {234/2007}, year = {2007}, month = {2007///}, pages = {375 - 376}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {49}, abstract = {Embedded industries have invested a lot in the introduction of software product lines in their software development. In addition, using open source software appears to be a profitable way to obtain good software. This is also applicable for organizations doing product line engineering. On the other hand, because of the diverse use of open source software, product line development is an attractive way of working in open source communities. In fact, the configuration mechanisms used in open source communities may be applicable within software product lines as well. In addition, product line organisations are usually involved in distributed development, which works very efficiently within open source communities. However, at present, there is limited interaction between the open source and product line development communities. The aim for the workshop is to explore what the two communities can learn from each other and to develop a better understanding of how the two communities can benefit from each other. The workshop deals with the following issues: {\textendash}Community: Ownership, control and management of product line assets in an open source community {\textendash}Visibility of the code: when it is valuable to share proprietary code and how to take the right decision. {\textendash}Architecture Views: Creation of different levels of architecture visibility: proprietary, among closed consortium, public. {\textendash}Is this possible? {\textendash}Product line requirements roadmaps and planning in open source development {\textendash}Variability management: Using the open source community to evolve components and being explicit about variability {\textendash}Variability representation: in an open source community {\textendash}Deployment: Open source for the platform and in applications {\textendash}Heterogeneous processes: Cohabitation of product line management and agile processes {\textendash}Tools: Open source asset management tools in product line development {\textendash}Domain and application engineering and their meaning in an open source context {\textendash}Recovery and recognition of a product line in an open source asset base {\textendash}Legal: Aspects dealing with evolutionary, variability or distribution of development relating to legal risks involving: liability, warranties, patent infringements etc. }, issn = {978-0-387-72485-0}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_49}, attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/OSS\%20and\%20product\%20lines\%202007.pdf}, author = {van der Linden, Frank and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn} } @conference {704, title = {Perceptions and Uptake of Open Source in Swedish Organisations}, booktitle = {OSS2006: Open Source Systems (IFIP 2.13)}, series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing}, year = {2006}, pages = {155 - 163}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, abstract = {There are many different ways in which Open Source ideas can be adopted by business, and influence the way in which companies do business. A number of different surveys have been conducted in different countries with the purpose of understanding the state of practice with respect to Open Source in companies. A number of different business models have been observed, ranging from the use of Open Source infrastructure products to basing a company{\textquoteright}s entire business model on Open Source. In this paper we report on a study of the perceptions of Open Source and the uptake of open source products and development models in Swedish companies. We investigate this from the standpoint of stakeholders in those companies which have an expressed interest in Open Source, allowing a more in-depth analysis of the extent to which Open Source has influenced business thinking. From our analysis we find that uptake is much higher than reported in earlier studies, but is still concentrated in SMEs, consistent with the findings of previous studies. There is increased evidence of interest beyond the simple use of OS components at the (LAMP) infrastructure level. In particular, a significant proportion of the companies are in a symbiotic relationship with the OS community, supporting both through participation in existing projects and the release of new software under OS licences. }, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34226-5_15}, attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Perceptions\%20and\%20Uptake\%20of\%20Open\%20Source.pdf}, author = {Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Lings, Brian and Lindqvist, Edvin} } @conference {729, title = {Communication, coordination and control in distributed development: an OSS case study}, booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems }, year = {2005}, pages = {88-92}, abstract = {It has been claimed that distributed development practices in OSS development may be a model for enterprise development practices of the future. With this in mind, we have conducted a study of one OSS project, namely ArgoUML, with a view to understanding development practice within the project, and specifically to considering possible differences from traditional (non-OSS) distributed development conducted in a commercial project. We do this by explicitly considering issues of communication, coordination and control. Our findings suggest that primary differences lie in control and resulting project structures, motivated through differing goals. We comment on the open question of how the advantages of one development context can be realised in the other.}, url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/769}, author = {Persson, Anna and Lings, Brian and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Mattsson, Anders and {\"A}rlig, Ulf} }