@article {Giuri2008305,
	title = {Explaining leadership in virtual teams: The case of open source software},
	journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Empirical Issues in Open Source Software},
	pages = {305 - 315},
	abstract = {This paper contributes to the open source software (OSS) literature by investigating the likelihood that a participant becomes a project leader. Project leaders are key actors in a virtual community and are crucial to the success of the OSS model. Knowledge of the forces that lead to the emergence of project managers among the multitude of participants is still limited. We aim to fill this gap in the literature by analyzing the association between the roles played by an individual who is registered with a project, and a set of individual-level and project-level characteristics. In line with the theory of occupational choice elaborated by (Lazear, E.P., 2002. Entrepreneurship. NBER Working Paper No. 9109, Cambridge, Mass; Lazear, E.P., 2004. Balanced skills and entrepreneurship, American Economic Review 94, pp. 208-211), we find that OSS project leaders possess diversified skill sets which are needed to select the inputs provided by various participants, motivate contributors, and coordinate their efforts. Specialists, like pure developers, are endowed with more focused skill sets. Moreover, we find that the degree of modularity of the development process is positively associated with the presence of project leaders. That result is consistent with the modern theory of modular production (Baldwin, C.Y., Clark, K.B., 1997. Managing in an age of modularity. Harvard Business Review September-October. pp. 84-93; Mateos-Garcia, J., Steinmueller, W.E., 2003. The Open Source Way of Working: A New Paradigm for the Division of Labour in Software Development? SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Studies. Open Source Movement Research INK Working Paper, No. 1; Aoki, M., 2004. An organizational architecture of T-form: Silicon Valley clustering and its institutional coherence. Industrial and Corporate Change 13, pp. 967-981).},
	keywords = {contributors, Human capital, leadership, roles, sourceforge, team},
	issn = {0167-6245},
	doi = {DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V8J-4SRW10C-1/2/5ce36096ba3947338962268b54a5a7a9},
	author = {Paola Giuri and Francesco Rullani and Salvatore Torrisi}
}
@unpublished {flosswp393,
	title = {The indirect debate and the community. How the periphery and the core relate in the Free/Open Source Software community},
	year = {2008},
	month = {June},
	abstract = {The present paper analyzes the relationship between the core and the periphery in the Free/Open Source innovation model. Considering the core as the "sparring partner" of the periphery, and not vice versa, the present discussion tries to apply a view opposite to the most diffused one. The first passages of the paper are meant to characterize the periphery, its functions, and the source of the realized division of labor with the core. It is shown that this specific schema is the consequence of the self-organizing nature of the FOSS model, that needs to dissipate resources to assure that the whole dynamics does not cease. However, this peculiar division of labor is possible only if the periphery and the core share the same set of interpretative schemes, norms and vision of the authoritative configuration of the community. To understand how this last passage is possible, I develop a conceptual model based on Wenger{\textquoteright}s concept of imagination and alignment, usually kept in the background by the literature on FOSS, and on the idea of dissonance (e.g. Kuran, 1998). Eventually, the paper tries discuss the relevant properties of the periphery (invisibility, atomization and instability) emerging from the analysis of the possible flaws of the process},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/rullani_periphery.pdf},
	author = {Francesco Rullani}
}
@article {flosswp350,
	title = {Dragging developers towards the core. How the Free/Libre/Open Source Software community enhances developers{\textquoteright} contribution},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January},
	abstract = {The paper presents a dynamic perspective on the landscape of Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) developers{\textquoteright} motivations and tries to isolate mechanisms sustaining developers{\textquoteright} contribution over time. The first part of the paper uses data gathered by the empirical studies relative to the FLOSS case to judge the relative importance of each group of incentives detected by the literature. In the second part of the paper, the same data are used to further characterize developers{\textquoteright} motivations in dynamics terms, showing how the relative importance of different incentives changes over time. Drawing inspiration from these results, the third part of the paper identifies a specific mechanism fostering developers{\textquoteright} contribution to the community activities, namely that: "Independently of developers{\textquoteright} exogenous preferences, the more their exposure to the FLOSS community social environment, the more their contribution to the community activities". The key point of this hypothesis is that, if the exposure to the FLOSS community social environment is able to foster developers{\textquoteright} contribution beyond the level granted by their predetermined preferences, this leads directly to the evidence that the FLOSS community is provided with a mechanism sustaining and enhancing developers{\textquoteright} incentives to produce and diffuse code. In the last part of the paper, data relative to 14,497 developers working on SourceForge.net during two years (2001-2002) are employed to estimate a model testing the aforementioned hypothesis. Endogeneity problems are explicitly accounted for, and robustness checks are performed in order to make sure that the observed confirmation of the hypothesis is actually an empirically grounded result.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/rullani_socenv.pdf},
	author = {Francesco Rullani}
}
@article {flosswp331,
	title = {Micro-dynamics of Free and Open Source Software Development. Lurking, laboring and launching new projects on SourceForge},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January},
	abstract = {Quantitative methods are employed to describe two fundamental processes in the creation of free (libre) and open source software (FLOSS) that are at work in the collaborative development environment of the SourceForge.Net platform: resource mobilization and "entrepreneurial initiatives" which generate new development projects. The micro dynamics of the individuals{\textquoteright} involvements in these processes are analysed by defining "activity states" that correspond to "lurking" (not contributing or contributing to projects without become a member), "laboring" (joining one or more projects as members), and "launching" (founding one or more projects). The transition probability matrices constructed from observations on the activities of 222,835 individuals who registered on SF.net (during a 14-month period, mainly in 2001) characterize first-order Markov chains describing processes that are ergodic. The computation of the limiting "equilibrium" distribution of individual joining and launching activities is not used here to produce long-run predictions, because the time window of the available data is too short. Instead, it is conceived as an instrument to isolate the main forces acting in the underlying entrepreneurial and recruitment dynamics at work on the platform "shaking off" the weaker tendencies. It is shown that, although only a small proportion of the considered cohorts of SF.net registrants become even minimally active, the active "core" of project members and project founders is able to attract an increasing number of developers. SourceForge is seen to be more than an attractor of projects that are being "born again" under open source licenses: this virtual collaborative development environment shares the regenerative properties of tangible "industrial districts" that give rise to new, innovative enterprises. Implications for the exploitation and exploitation processes at work in the FLOSS model and about its sustainability are also derived.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/davidrullani.pdf},
	author = {Paul A. David and Francesco Rullani}
}
@article {flosswp352,
	title = {A test of Lazear{\textquoteright}s theory of entrepreneurship in the Open Source Software virtual community},
	year = {2007},
	month = {March},
	abstract = {This paper studies the emergence of entrepreneurs and their skill profile in the open source software community. We test the hypothesis that entrepreneurs, carrying out complex, multi-task activities, have more balanced skill sets compared with individuals who are less involved in project management activities. Our empirical analysis employs the SourceForge dataset containing information on 77,039 individuals working in 54,229 OSS projects. We estimate logit and ordered logit models to explore the likelihood that an individual is a project founder or manager. Our main regressors include individual attributes like skill level and diversity, and project-level controls. Results support our hypothesis.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/giurirullanitorrisi.pdf},
	author = {Paola Giuri and Francesco Rullani and Salvatore Torrisi}
}
@conference {666,
	title = {Toward a New Industrial Organization? OSS in Economic and Managerial Perspective},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {377 - 379},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {50},
	abstract = {At present, an more and more users are running Open Source software (OSS) on their systems. Major companies, like IBM, Oracle, or Sun Microsystems, have now started to make significant investments in developing open communities and creating a portfolio of systems incorporating OSS applications into their design. Meanwhile, an increasing number of firms are entering the market by offering OSS-based solutions to their customers, often supplying a mix of proprietary and open solutions through hybrid business models. In this context, economists and management scientists are now moving beyond the state of puzzlement that has driven much of the initial attention towards OSS. Located in the context of OSS2007 in order to foster close and fruitful interactions with scholars from various other disciplines, this workshop aims at contributing to the current evolutions of the economic and managerial research agendas about OSS, and thus to provide, first, an assessment of where we {\textemdash} economics and management scholars - are about OSS, and, second, an analysis of the renewed directions in which we should consider inquiring further in the near future, focusing notably on business, production, diffusion and innovation models.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_50},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Toward\%20a\%20new\%20indusctial\%20Org.pdf},
	author = {Dalle, Jean and Cristina Rossi and Francesco Rullani}
}
@conference {711,
	title = {The micro-dynamics of open source software development activity},
	booktitle = {OSS2006: Open Source Systems (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {203/2006},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {339 - 340},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {This study aims to isolate and identify the properties of FLOSS development insofar as these can be revealed by examining the ecology of SF.net. It characterizes the contrast between the many {\textquotedblleft}lurkers{\textquotedblright} and a much smaller core of {\textquotedblleft}entrepreneurial{\textquotedblright} developers who are responsible for launching new projects, and gives an interpretation of the function of platforms such as SF.net as sites that people with a propensity to start open source projects can use to recruit {\textquotedblleft}laborers{\textquotedblright}. It describes the process underpinning the mobility of those who are recruited among the projects that are launched and provides insights on the evolution of developers{\textquoteright} level and mode of involvement in FLOSS production.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-34225-2},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34226-5_36},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/The\%20micro-dynamics\%20of\%20open\%20source.pdf},
	author = {David, Paul and Francesco Rullani}
}
@article {flosswp351,
	title = {Skills, Division of Labor and Performance in Collective Inventions. Evidence from the Open Source Software},
	year = {2006},
	month = {July},
	abstract = {This paper investigates the role of skills and the division of labor among participants in collective inventions. Our analysis draws on a large sample of projects registered at Sourceforge.net, the world{\textquoteright}s largest incubator of open source software activity. We test the hypothesis that the level of skills of participants and their skill variety are important for project performance. Skill heterogeneity across participants is in line with two fundamental organizational features of the open source development model: team work and modular design. We also explore the hypothesis whether the level of modularization of project activities is an important predictor of performance. Our econometric estimations show that both skill level and skill heterogeneity positively affect projects{\textquoteright} survival and performances. However, the impact of skill diversity is non linear. Design modularity is also positively associated with the performance of the project.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/giuriplonerrullanitorrisi.pdf},
	author = {Paola Giuri and Matteo Ploner and Francesco Rullani and Salvatore Torrisi}
}
