@conference {Scacchi:2013:PSO:2486046.2486068,
	title = {Processes in Securing Open Architecture Software Systems},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software and System Process},
	series = {ICSSP 2013},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {126{\textendash}135},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Our goal is to identify and understand issues that arise in the development and evolution processes for securing open architecture (OA) software systems. OA software systems are those developed with a mix of closed source and open source software components that are configured via an explicit system architectural specification. Such a specification may serve as a reference model or product line model for a family of concurrently sustained OA system versions/variants. We employ a case study focusing on an OA software system whose security must be continually sustained throughout its ongoing development and evolution. We limit our focus to software processes surrounding the architectural design, continuous integration, release deployment, and evolution found in the OA system case study. We also focus on the role automated tools, software development support mechanisms, and development practices play in facilitating or constraining these processes through the case study. Our purpose is to identify issues that impinge on modeling (specification) and integration of these processes, and how automated tools mediate these processes, as emerging research problems areas for the software process research community. Finally, our study is informed by related research found in the prescriptive versus descriptive practice of these processes and tool usage in studies of conventional and open source software development projects.},
	keywords = {configuration, continuous software development, Open architecture, process integration, process modeling, security},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-2062-7},
	doi = {10.1145/2486046.2486068},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2486046.2486068},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Scacchi-Alspaugh-ICSSP13.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Alspaugh, Thomas A.}
}
@proceedings {1448,
	title = {Designing Secure Systems Based on Open Architectures with Open Source and Closed Source Components},
	volume = {378},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {144-159},
	abstract = {The development and evolution of secure open architecture systems has received insufficient consideration. Such systems are composed of both open source and closed software software components subject to different security requirements in an architecture in which evolution can occur by evolving existing components, replacing them, or refactoring their interfaces, interconnections and configuration. But this may result in possible security requirements conflicts and organizational liability for failure to fulfill security obligations. We are developing an approach for understanding and modeling software security requirements as security licenses, as well as for analyzing conflicts among groups of such licenses in realistic system contexts and for guiding the acquisition, integration, or development of systems with open source components in such an environment. Consequently, this paper reports on our efforts to extend our existing approach to specifying and analyzing software Intellectual Property (IP) licenses to now address software security licenses that can be associated with secure OA systems.},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Alspaugh, Thomas}
}
@conference {Alspaugh:2012:LS:2419620.2419854,
	title = {Licensing Security},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2012 Fifth International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW)},
	series = {RELAW {\textquoteright}12},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {25{\textendash}28},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	organization = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Washington, DC, USA},
	abstract = {There exist legal structures defining the exclusive rights of authors, and means for licensing portions of them to others in exchange for appropriate obligations. We propose an analogous approach for security, in which portions of exclusive security rights owned by system stakeholders may be licensed as needed to others, in exchange for appropriate security obligations. Copyright defines exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, and produce derivative works, among others. We envision exclusive security rights that might include the right to access a system, the right to run specific programs, and the right to update specific programs or data, among others. Such an approach uses the existing legal structures of licenses and contracts to manage security, as copyright licenses are used to manage copyrights. At present there is no law of {\textquotedblleft}security right{\textquotedblright} as there is a law of copyright, but with the increasing prevalence and prominence of security attacks and abuses, of which Stuxnet and Flame are merely the best known recent examples, such legislation is not implausible. We discuss kinds of security rights and obligations that might produce fruitful results, and how a license structure and approach might prove more effective than security policies.},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-4380-0},
	doi = {10.1109/RELAW.2012.6347799},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RELAW.2012.6347799},
	author = {Alspaugh, Thomas A. and Walt Scacchi}
}
@conference {1628,
	title = {Software licenses, coverage, and subsumption},
	booktitle = {2012 Fifth International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW)2012 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW)},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {17 - 24},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
	abstract = {Software licensing issues for a system design, instantiation, or configuration are often complex and difficult to evaluate, and mistakes can be costly. Automated assistance requires a formal representation of the significant features of the software licenses involved. We present results from an analysis directed toward a formal representation capable of covering an entire license. The key to such a representation is to identify the license{\textquoteright}s actions, and relate them to the actions for exclusive rights defined in law and to the actions defined in other licenses. Parameterizing each action by the object(s) acted on, the instrumental entities through which the action is performed, and similar contextual variables enables a subsumption relation among the actions. The resulting formalism is lightweight, flexible enough to support the scope of legal interpretations, and extensible to a wide range of software licenses. We discuss the application of our approach to the Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1.},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-4381-7},
	doi = {10.1109/RELAW.2012.6347800},
	author = {Alspaugh, Thomas A. and Walt Scacchi and Kawai, Rihoko}
}
@proceedings {1281,
	title = {License Update and Migration Processes in Open Source Software Projects},
	year = {2011},
	note = {"The case studies in this report are part of an ongoing, multi-year research project discovering and modeling open source software processes. Our research methodology is ethnographically informed, applying a grounded theory to the analysis of artifacts found in OSS projects. The primary data sources in this study come from mailing list archives of the Apache and NetBeans projects."},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {177-195},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) has increasingly been the subject of research efforts. Central to this focus is the nature under which the software can be distributed, used, and modified and the causes and consequent effects on software development, usage, and distribution. At present, we have little understanding of, what happens when these licenses change, what motivates such changes, and how new licenses are created, updated, and deployed. Similarly, little attention has been paid to the agreements under which contributions are made to OSS projects and the impacts of changes to these agreements. We might also ask these same questions regarding the licenses governing how individuals and groups contribute to OSS projects. This paper focuses on addressing these questions with case studies of processes by which the Apache Software Foundation{\textquoteright}s creation and migration to Version 2.0 of the Apache Software License and the NetBeans project{\textquoteright}s migration to the Joint Licensing Agreement.},
	keywords = {apache, case study, email, email archive, license evolution, mailing list, netbeans, open source, process},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/1.pdf},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {1274,
	title = {Modding as an Open Source Approach to Extending Computer Game Systems},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {62-74},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {This paper examines what is known so far about the role of open source software development within the world of game mods and modding practices. Game modding has become a leading method for developing games by customizing or creating OSS extensions to game software in general, and to proprietary closed source software games in particular. What, why, and how OSS and CSS come together within an application system is the subject for this study. The research method is observational and qualitative, so as to highlight current practices and issues that can be associated with software engineering and game studies foundations. Numerous examples of different game mods and modding practices are identified throughout.},
	keywords = {games, modding, mods},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@inbook {836,
	title = {Collaboration Practices and Affordances in Free/Open Source Software Development},
	booktitle = {Collaborative Software Engineering},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {307-328},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {This chapter examines collaborative work practices, development processes, project and community dynamics, and other socio-technical relationships in free and open source software development (FOSSD). It also describes what kinds of collaboration affordances facilitate collaborative work in FOSSD projects. It reviews a set of empirical studies of FOSSD that articulate different levels of analysis. Finally, there is discussion of limitations and constraints in understanding what collaboration practices and affordances arise in FOSSD studies and how they work, and then to emerging opportunities for future FOSSD studies.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/CoSE-Scacchi-Chapter.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Finkelstein, A. and van der Hoek, A. and Grundy, J. and Mistr{\'\i}k, I. and Whitehead, J.}
}
@article {1744,
	title = {Investigating the Acquisition of Software Systems that Rely on Open Architecture and Open Source Software},
	year = {2010},
	abstract = {In 2007-08, we began an investigation of problems, issues, and opportunities that arise during the acquisition of software systems that rely on open architectures and open source software. The current effort funded for 2009 seeks to continue and build on the results in this area, while refining its focus to center on the essential constraints and tradeoffs we have identified for software-intensive systems with open architecture (OA) and continuously evolving open source software (OSS) elements. The U.S. Air Force, Army, and Navy have all committed to an open technology development strategy that encourages the acquisition of software systems whose requirements include the development or composition of an OA for such systems, and the use of OSS systems, components, or development processes when appropriate. Our goal is to further develop and document foundations for emerging policy and guidance for acquiring software systems that require OA and that incorporate OSS elements. This report documents and describes the findings and results that we have produced as a result of our research into the area of the acquisition of software systems that rely on OA and OSS. In particular, it includes four research papers that have been refereed, reviewed, presented, and published in national and international research conferences, symposia, and workshops.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/a530243.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Alspaugh, Thomas and Hazeline U. Asuncion}
}
@proceedings {847,
	title = {Analyzing Software Licenses in Open Architecture Software Systems},
	year = {2009},
	month = {05/2009},
	address = {Vancouver, Canada},
	author = {Alspaugh, Thomas and Hazeline U. Asuncion and Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {838,
	title = {Envisioning National and International Research on the Multidisciplinary Empirical Science of Free/Open Source Software},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Spring 2009},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Kevin Crowston and Madey, Greg and Squire, Megan}
}
@proceedings {845,
	title = {Intellectual Property Rights Requirements for Heterogeneously Licensed Systems},
	year = {2009},
	month = {09/2009},
	address = {Atlanta, GA},
	author = {Alspaugh, Thomas and Hazeline U. Asuncion and Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {846,
	title = {The Role of Software Licenses in Open Architecture Ecosystems},
	year = {2009},
	month = {09/2009},
	address = {Falls Church, VA},
	author = {Alspaugh, Thomas and Hazeline U. Asuncion and Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {848,
	title = {Software Licenses, Open Source Components, and Open Architectures},
	year = {2009},
	month = {05/2009},
	address = {Monterey, CA},
	author = {Alspaugh, Thomas and Hazeline U. Asuncion and Walt Scacchi}
}
@inbook {855,
	title = {Understanding Requirements for Open Source Software},
	booktitle = {Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective},
	series = {Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {467-494},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	organization = {Springer-Verlag},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Lyytinen, K. and Loucopoulos, P. and Mylopoulos, J. and Robinson, W.}
}
@conference {604,
	title = {Workshop {\textendash} Serious Games and Open Source: Practice and Futures},
	booktitle = {OSS2009: Open Source Ecosystems: Diverse Communities Interacting (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology },
	volume = {299/2009},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {361 - 362},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {36},
	abstract = {Computer games are increasingly used throughout our society with people playing on the bus, at home and at work. Computer games thus affect larger and larger number of people and areas in the society of today. There are even scholars who advocate that games create better environments for learning than traditional classrooms. This situation motivates the use of games and game technology for additional purposes, e.g. education, training, health care or marketing.
},
	issn = {978-3-642-02031-5},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_36},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Workshop\%20Serious\%20Games\%20and\%20Open\%20Source.pdf},
	author = {Backlund, Per and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Walt Scacchi}
}
@conference {1209,
	title = {Computer support for discovering oss processes},
	booktitle = {3rd Workshop on Public Data about Software Development (WoPDaSD 2008)},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {31-33},
	abstract = {Large scale open source software (OSS) projects offer a wide range of documentation of the software processes that have enabled their success. Discovering these processes has been shown to be difficult to achieve.  This paper describes our experiences with providing computer support for discovering OSS processes from project data.  We discuss challenges of collecting and analyzing data from multiple types of project artifacts and how to address them. },
	keywords = {artifacts, Firefox, process management, zotero},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/jensen2008.pdf},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {865,
	title = {Emerging Issues in the Acquisition of Open Source Software within the U.S. Department of Defense},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {06/2008},
	pages = {230-244},
	address = {Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA},
	author = {Alspaugh, Thomas and Walt Scacchi}
}
@inbook {866,
	title = {Emerging Patterns of Intersection and Segmentation when Computerization Movements Interact},
	booktitle = {Computerization Movements and Technology Diffusion: From Mainframes to Ubiquitous Computing},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {381-404},
	publisher = { Information Today, Inc.},
	organization = { Information Today, Inc.},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Kraemer, K.L. and Elliott, M.}
}
@proceedings {864,
	title = {Governance in Open Source Software Development Projects: Towards a Model for Network-Centric Edge Organizations},
	year = {2008},
	month = {07/2008},
	address = {Bellevue, WA},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Chris Jensen}
}
@article {867,
	title = {Mobilization of Software Developers: The Free Software Movement},
	journal = {(revised version in) Information, Technology and People},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {4-33},
	author = {Elliott, M. and Walt Scacchi}
}
@conference {567,
	title = {Panel: Opportunities and Risks for Open Source Software in Industry},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {413 - 414},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {40},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) is a multi-faceted phenomenon which has become an issue of strategic importance for many commercial organisations. Stemming from an ideological issue, with emphasis on freedom and community values, we have recently seen a broader interest in the Open Source phenomenon amongst practitioners in many companies. A number of SMEs and large companies are currently exploring the potential of Open Source, and for some it has become core to their business and development activities.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_40},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Panel\%20Opportunities\%20\%26\%20Risks.pdf},
	author = {Feller, Joseph and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Marttiin, Pentti and Walt Scacchi and Schellingerhout, Nico}
}
@inbook {869,
	title = {Towards a Global Research Infrastructure for Multidisciplinary Study of Free/Open Source Software Development},
	booktitle = {Open Source Development, Communities and Quality},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {143-158},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Boston},
	author = {Gasser, Les and Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Russo, B. and Damiani, E. and Hissan, S. and Lundell, B. and Succi, G.}
}
@conference {539,
	title = {Towards a Global Research Infrastructure for Multidisciplinary Study of Free/Open Source Software Development},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {143 - 158},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {12},
	abstract = {The Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) research community is growing across and within multiple disciplines. This community faces a new and unusual situation. The traditional difficulties of gathering enough empirical data have been replaced by issues of dealing with enormous amounts of freely available public data from many disparate sources (online discussion forums, source code directories, bug reports, OSS Web portals, etc.). Consequently, these data are being discovered, gathered, analyzed, and used to support multidisciplinary research. However at present, no means exist for assembling these data under common access points and frameworks for comparative, longitudinal, and collaborative research across disciplines. Gathering and maintaining large F/OSS data collections reliably and making them usable present several research challenges. For example, current projects usually rely on direct access to, and mining of raw data from groups that generate it, and both of these methods require unique effort for each new corpus, or even for updating existing corpora. In this paper, we identify several needs and critical factors in F/OSS empirical research across disciplines, and suggest recommendations for design of a global research infrastructure for multi-disciplinary research into F/OSS development.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_12},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Towards\%20a\%20Global\%20Research\%20Infrastracture.pdf},
	author = {Gasser, Les and Walt Scacchi}
}
@conference {878,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software Development: Recent Research Results and Emerging Opportunities},
	booktitle = {Proc. European Software Engineering Conference and ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering},
	year = {2007},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {Dubrovnik, Croatia},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@inbook {879,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software Development: Recent Research Results and Methods},
	booktitle = { Advances in Computers},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {243-295},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Zelkowitz, M.V.}
}
@conference {642,
	title = {Guiding the Discovery of Open Source Software Processes with a Reference Model},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {265 - 270},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {26},
	abstract = {This paper describes a reference model for open source software (OSS) processes and its application towards discovering such processes from OSS project artifacts. This reference model is the means to map evidence of an enacted process to a classification of agents, resources, tools, and activities that characterize the process.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_26},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Guiding\%20the\%20Discovery.pdf},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {871,
	title = {Knowledge Work Artifacts: Kernel Cousins for Free/Open Source Software Development},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Nov 4-7},
	pages = {177-186},
	address = {Sanibel Island, FL},
	author = {Elliott, M. and Ackerman, Mark S. and Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {flosswp326,
	title = {Role Migration and Advancement Processes in OSSD Projects: A Comparative Case Study},
	year = {2007},
	month = {May},
	abstract = {Socio-technical processes have come to the forefront of recent analysis of the open source software development (OSSD) world. Interest in making these processes explicit is mounting from industry and the software process community, as well as among those who may become contributors to an OSSD organization. This paper serves to close this gap by providing an analysis of the role migration and project career advancement process, and role-sets within, that we have observed within three large OSSD project organizations: Mozilla.org, Apache.org, and NetBeans.org.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Jensen-Scacchi-ICSE-2007.pdf},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@inbook {880,
	title = {Understanding the Development of Free E-Commerce/E-Business Software: A Resource-Based View},
	booktitle = {Emerging Free and Open Source Software Practices},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {170-190},
	publisher = {IGI Publishing},
	organization = {IGI Publishing},
	address = {Hershey, PA},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Sowe, S.K. and Stamelos, I. and Samoladas, I}
}
@inbook {894,
	title = {Discovering, Modeling, and Reenacting Open Source Software Development Processes},
	booktitle = {New Trends in Software Process Modeling},
	series = {Series in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1-20},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {895,
	title = {Multi-Modal Modeling, Analysis and Validation of Open Source Software Development Processes},
	journal = {Intern. J. Internet Technology and Web Engineering},
	volume = {1},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {49-63},
	abstract = {Understanding the context, structure, activities, and content of software development processes found in practice has been and remains a challenging problem. In the world of free/open source software development, discovering and understanding what processes are used in particular projects is important in determining how they are similar to or different from those advocated by the software engineering community. Prior studies have revealed that development processes in F/OSSD projects are different in a number of ways. In this paper, we describe how a variety of modeling perspectives and techniques are used to elicit, analyze, and validate software development processes found in F/OSSD projects, with examples drawn from studies of the software requirements process found in the NetBeans.org project.},
	keywords = {empirical studies of software engineering, open source software development, process modeling, requirements processes, software process},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Scacchi-Jensen-Noll-Elliott-OSSC05.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Chris Jensen and Noll, J. and Elliott, M.}
}
@article {885,
	title = {Understanding Free/Open Source Software Development Processes},
	journal = {Software Process--Improvement and Practice},
	volume = {11},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	month = {March/April},
	pages = {95-105},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Feller, Joseph and Fitzgerald, Brian and Hissam, Scott and Lakhani, Karim}
}
@inbook {896,
	title = {Understanding Free/Open Source Software Evolution},
	booktitle = {Software Evolution and Feedback: Theory and Practice},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {181-206},
	publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
	organization = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Madhavji, N.H. and Lehman, M.M. and Ramil, J.F. and Perry, D.}
}
@proceedings {897,
	title = {Experiences in Discovering, Modeling, and Reenacting Open Source Software Development Processes},
	year = {2005},
	month = {May},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	address = {Beijing, China},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Li, Mingshu and Boehm, Barry and Osterweil, Leon J.}
}
@conference {715,
	title = {Multi-Modal Modeling of Open Source Software Requirements Processes},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1-8},
	abstract = {Understanding the context, structure, activities, and content of software development processes found in practice has been and remains a challenging problem. In the world of free/open source software development, discovering and understanding what processes are used in particular projects is important in determining how they are similar to or different from those advocated by the software engineering community. Prior studies however have revealed that the requirements processes in OSSD projects are different in a number of ways, including the general lack of explicit software requirements specifications. In this paper, we describe how a variety of modeling perspectives and techniques are used to elicit, analyze, and validate software requirements processes found in OSSD projects, with examples drawn from studies of the NetBeans.org project.},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/975},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Chris Jensen and Noll, John and Elliott, Margaret}
}
@article {898,
	title = {Process Modeling Across the Web Information Infrastructure},
	journal = {Software Process--Improvement and Practice},
	volume = {10},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	month = {July-September},
	pages = {255-272},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@inbook {901,
	title = {Socio-Technical Interaction Networks in Free/Open Source Software Development Processes},
	booktitle = {Software Process Modeling},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1-27},
	publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media Inc.},
	organization = {Springer Science+Business Media Inc.},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Acu{\~n}a, S.T. and Juristo, N.}
}
@proceedings {905,
	title = {Collaboration, Leadership, Control, and Conflict Negotiation in the NetBeans.org Community},
	year = {2004},
	month = {May 25},
	address = {Edinburgh, Scotland, UK},
	keywords = {netbeans},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/jensen.pdf},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {1191,
	title = {Collaboration, Leadership, Control, and Conflict Negotiation in the Netbeans.org Community},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {48-52},
	abstract = {Large open source software development communities are quickly learning that, to be successful, they must integrate efforts not only among the organizations investing developers within the community and unaffiliated volunteer contributors, but also negotiate relationships with external groups hoping to sway the social and technical direction of the community and its products. Leadership and control sharing across organizations and individuals in and between communities are common sources of conflict. Such conflict often leads to breakdowns in collaboration. This paper seeks to explore the negotiation of these conflicts, collaborative efforts, and leadership and control structures in the Netbeans.org community.},
	keywords = {conflict, leadership, netbeans},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/jensen_0.pdf},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {906,
	title = {Data Mining for Software Process Discovery in Open Source Software Development Communities},
	year = {2004},
	month = {May},
	address = {Edinburgh, Scotland, UK},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {134,
	title = {Free and open source development practices in the game community},
	journal = {Software, IEEE},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {59-66},
	abstract = {Findings from empirical studies of free and open source software systems in different communities show that some common processes and practices exist across the board. The studies focused on software development practices, social processes, technical system configurations, organizational contexts, and interrelationships that give rise to free and open source systems, These distinct communities, and the computer game community in particular, provide examples of common practices.},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {45,
	title = {Free Software Development: Cooperation and Conflict in a Virtual Organizational Culture},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {IDEA Publishing Group},
	author = {Margret Elliott and Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {907,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software Development Practices in the Computer Game Community},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	month = {January/February},
	pages = {59-67},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi4_0.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {1173,
	title = {Automating the Discovery and Modeling of Open Source Software Development Processes},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {75-78},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/75-78.pdf},
	author = {Chris Jensen and Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {908,
	title = {Continuous Design of Free/Open Source Software: Workshop Report and Research Agenda},
	year = {2003},
	month = {October 15},
	institution = {UCI-UIUC Workshop on Continuous Design of Open Source Software},
	author = {Gasser, Les and Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {1516,
	title = {Free Software Developers as an Occupational Community: Resolving Conflicts and Fostering Collaboration },
	year = {2003},
	month = {11/2003},
	pages = {10 pp},
	abstract = {In this paper, we present results from the study of a free software development virtual organization, the GNU Enterprise (GNUe) project, and how they develop soft ware in a globally distributed free software development project. In particular, examples of how they mitigate and resolve conflict are presented. Conflict arises over the use of a non-free tool to create GNUe graphic, and over the use of a non-free tool for GNUe documentation. The GNUe developers resolve the conflict using internet relay chat (IRC), threaded email discussions, and community digests. We characterize the GNUe developers as an occupational subculture within the occupational community of free/open source software (F/OSS) developers and show how
the beliefs in free software and freedom of choice, and values in cooperative work and community assist GNUe contributors in mitigating and resolving conflict. In addition, we show how, despite fluctuating boundaries of membership in a virtual organization, daily discussions on the GNUe IRC serve to build and perpetuate the global community of GNUe contributors as well as F/OSS developers in general. },
	url = {http://www.ics.uci.edu/~melliott/papers/Elliott-Scacchi-GROUP03.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Elliott-Scacchi-GROUP03.pdf},
	author = {Elliott, Margaret and Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {flosswp93,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software Development Practices in the Computer Game Community},
	year = {2003},
	month = {April},
	abstract = {This paper provides results from empirical studies that begin to outline some of the processes and practices for how F/OSS systems are developed in different communities. Examples drawn from the world of computer games reveal how processes and practices for the development and propagation of F/OSS technology are intertwined and mutually situated to benefit those motivated to use and contribute to it.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi4.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {1180,
	title = {Issues and Experiences in Modeling Open Source Software Development Processes},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {121-125},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/121-125.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {flosswp94,
	title = {Understanding Free/Open Source Software Evolution: Applying, Breaking and Rethinking the Laws of Software Evolution},
	year = {2003},
	month = {April},
	abstract = {This study examines whether the evolution of open source software conforms to the laws of software evolution that have been in development for more than 30 years. Given evidence and data that may not conform, it becomes necessary to consider how the laws and theory might be revamped to better account for the data that characterizes both conventional closed source software and F/OSS system evolution.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi3.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {flosswp92,
	title = {Open Acquisition: Combining Open Source Software Development with System Acquisition},
	year = {2002},
	month = {July},
	abstract = {This study explores and develops concepts leading to the combination of best practices from open source software development (OSSD) projects with emerging capabilities for virtual system acquisition. Virtual system acquisition is an evolving approach to demonstrate significant improvements in reducing the cost and cycle time for acquiring software-intensive systems, while improving their quality. It employs techniques from electronic government applications together with those from OSSD.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi2.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {flosswp91,
	title = {Open EC/B: A Case Study in Electronic Commerce and Open Source Software Development},
	year = {2002},
	month = {June},
	abstract = {This study investigates how to understand and transform an organizational system for internal or external operations using Open Source E-Commerce or E-Business capabilities. The objective is to identify and characterize the organizational resources and development capabilities that lie at the center of the initiative.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi1.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@conference {1162,
	title = {Is Open Source Software Development Faster, Better, and Cheaper than Software Engineering?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ICSE Workshop on Open Source},
	year = {2002},
	abstract = {In this paper, I draw attention to the question of determining how open source software development may represent a significant alternative to modern software engineering techniques for developing large-scale software systems. OSSD often entails shorter time frames, producing higher quality systems, and incurring lower costs than may be realized through developing systems according SE techniques. Understanding why and how this may arise is the focus of this paper.},
	keywords = {argouml, quality, tigris},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Scacchi_0.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@conference {1149,
	title = {Software Development Practices in Open Software Development Communities: A Comparative Case Study},
	booktitle = {1st Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering at ICSE 2001},
	year = {2001},
	abstract = {This study presents an initial set of findings from an empirical study of social processes, technical system configurations, organizational contexts, and interrelationships that give rise to open software. "Open software", or more narrowly, open source software, represents an approach for communities of like-minded participants to develop software system representations that are intended to be shared freely, rather than offered as closed commercial products. While there is a growing popular literature attesting to open software [DiBona, Ockman, Stone 1999, Fogel 1999], there are very few systematic studies [e.g., Feller and Fitzgerald 2000, Mockus, Fielding, Herbsleb 2000] that informs how these communities produce software. Similarly, little is known about how people in these communities coordinate software development across different settings, or about what software processes, work practices, and organizational contexts are necessary to their success. To the extent that academic research communities and commercial enterprises seek the supposed efficacy of open software [Smarr and Graham 2000], they will need grounded models of the processes and practices of open software development to allow effective investment of their resources. This study investigates four communities engaged in open software development. Case study methods are used to compare practices across communities.},
	keywords = {apache, argouml, astronomy, chandra, games, infrastructure, internet news, mozilla, systems design},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {flosswp35,
	title = {Understanding the Requirements for Developing Open Source Software Systems},
	journal = {IEE Proceedings Software},
	volume = {149},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	month = {December},
	pages = {24-39},
	abstract = {This study presents an initial set of findings from an empirical study of social processes, technical system 
configurations, organizational contexts, and interrelationships that give rise to open software. The focus is 
directed at understanding the requirements for open software development efforts, and how the 
development of these requirements differs from those traditional to software engineering and requirements 
engineering. Four open software development communities are described, examined, and compared to help discover what these differences may be. Eight kinds of software informalisms are found to play a critical role in the elicitation, analysis, specification, validation, and management of requirements for developing open software systems. Subsequently, understanding the roles these software informalisms take in a new formulation of the requirements development process for open source software is the focus of this study. This focus enables considering a reformulation of the requirements engineering process and its associated artifacts or (in)formalisms to better account for the requirements for developing open source software systems. },
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
