@booklet {481,
	title = {How Do Firms Make Use of Open Source Communities?},
	howpublished = {Long Range Planning},
	volume = {41},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	note = {"To obtain more information about the firms{\textquoteright} relationships with their respective communities, we followed mailing lists and forums over a three-month period, checking them at least three times a week. "
"Firm data. Secondary sources, including annual reports, company directories, business and specialist press and homepages, were used to gather information on firms"},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {629-649},
	abstract = {Relying on four in-depth case studies of firms involved with open source software, we investigate how firms make use of open source communities, and how that use is associated with their business models. Three themes - accessing, aligning and assimilating -are inductively developed for how the firms relate to the external knowledge created in the communities. For each theme, we make an argument about the tactics associated with each theme and their positive and negative consequences. The findings are related to the literature on the open and distributed nature of innovation, and various theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.},
	keywords = {case study, cendio, email, mailing list, mysql, roxen, secondary data, sot},
	url = {http://www.acm.jhu.edu/~paulproteus/tmp/sdarticle.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/dahlandermagnusson2008.pdf},
	author = {Linus Dahlander and M Magnusson}
}
@article {flosswp375,
	title = {Penguin in a new suit: A tale of how de novo entrants emerged to harness free and open source communities},
	year = {2007},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {A growing body of literature has explored the motivations for individuals to take part in free and open source software (FOSS), yet how firms participate is largely an unattended research area. Building on information from an extensive dataset of secondary sources and 30 in-depth interviews, I show that de novo entrants have emerged in conjunction with a changing institutional infrastructure and a more pragmatic attitude toward firms that focus on technological benefits rather than ideology. To understand how these firms try to harness the work of these communities, I use the empirical data to derive a 2*2 matrix of different approaches. The X axis reflects whether or not the firms initiated a new community or relied on communities founded by peers, whereas the Y axis represents the degree of participation of the firm in the community. This taxonomy illustrates how de novo entrant are initiating new forms of communities or joining communities established by peers. This suggests that while many of the central pillars of FOSS remains, de novo entrants have emerged to find new ways of making business resulting in various implications for firm strategies and knowledge disclosure. PLEASE EMAIL IF YOU LIKE A COPY OF THE PAPER!},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/dahlander2007.pdf},
	author = {Linus Dahlander}
}
@article {flosswp374,
	title = {A man on the inside: Unlocking communities as complementary assets},
	year = {2006},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {Since Teece{\textquoteright}s seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought newways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation. A new more open model of innovation suggests that firms can benefit from sources of innovation that stem from outside the firm. The central theme of this paper is how firms try to unlock communities as complementary assets. These communities exist outside firm boundaries beyond ownership or hierarchical control. Because of practices developed by communities to protect their work, firms need to assign individuals to work in these communities in order to gain access to developments and, to an extent, influence the direction of the community. Using network analysis we show that some software firms sponsor individuals to act strategically within a free and open source software (FOSS) community. Firm sponsored individuals interact with more individuals than interact with them, and also they seek to interact with central individuals in the community. However, we can see differences in how individuals interact, depending on whether their affiliation is with a dedicated FOSS firm or an incumbent in the software industry. Apparently, some firm managers believe they need ???a man on the inside??? to be able to gain access to communities. PLEASE EMAIL IF YOU LIKE A COPY OF THE PAPER!},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/dahlanderwallin.pdf},
	author = {Linus Dahlander and Martin W. Wallin}
}
@article {flosswp143,
	title = {Appropriating the Commons: Firms in Open Source Software},
	year = {2004},
	month = {April},
	abstract = {Firms in open source software (OSS) are active in a field encompassing all the characteristics of a public good, given the non-excludability and non-rivalry nature of OSS. As the case of OSS demonstrates, the fact that many important inputs to the innovative process are public should not be taken to mean that innovators are prevented from capturing private returns. The objective of this paper is to explore how firms appropriate returns from innovations that are created outside the boundaries of firms and in the public domain using the case of OSS. To do so, the paper draws upon an explorative multiple case study of six small firms that attempt to appropriate returns from OSS, with rich empirical evidence from various data sources. The cases illustrate how firms try a variety of approaches to appropriate adequate returns and that selling services seem to be the dominant trend. Firm also balance the relative inefficiency of traditional means of intellectual property right such as patents by putting greater emphasis on first mover advantages and creating network externalities.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/dahlander2.pdf},
	author = {Linus Dahlander}
}
