@inbook {1743, title = {The Right to a Contribution: An Exploratory Survey on How Organizations Address It}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Adoption and Impact}, series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, volume = {451}, year = {2015}, pages = {157-167}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, abstract = {Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects are characterized by the opportunity to attract external contributors, where contributions can be in any form of copyrightable material, such as code or documentation. In most of them it is understood that contributions would be licensed in similar or compatible terms than the project{\textquoteright}s license. Some projects require a copyright transfer from the contributor to an organization for the work contributed to a project, such documents are known as copyright assignment agreements. In a way, it is similar to the copyright transfer than some researchers grant to a publisher. In this work we present an exploratory survey of the multiple visions of copyright assignments, and aggregate them in a work that researchers and practitioners could use to get informed of the alternatives available in the literature. We expect that our findings help inform practitioners on legal concerns when receiving external contributions. }, isbn = {978-3-319-17836-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_15}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_15}, author = {Poo-Caama{\~n}o, Germ{\'a}n and German, DanielM.}, editor = {Damiani, Ernesto and Frati, Fulvio and Dirk Riehle and Wasserman, Anthony I.} } @inbook {1742, title = {On the Variability of the BSD and MIT Licenses}, booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Adoption and Impact}, series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, volume = {451}, year = {2015}, pages = {146-156}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, abstract = {The MIT/X11 and the BSD are two of the most important family of Free and Open Source (FOSS) licenses. Because these licenses are to be inserted into the files that use it, and because they are expected to be changed by those who use them, their text has suffered alterations over time. Some of this variability is the result of licenses containing template fields which allow the license to be customized to include information such as the copyright holder name. Other variability can be attributed to changes in spelling, punctuation, and adding or removing conditions. This study empirically evaluated the extent that the BSD and MIT/X11 family of licenses are varied, and the manner and frequency in which license texts vary from the original definition. The study found that the BSD family has little variability, with a significant proportion fitting the common standard. The MIT/X11 family of licenses exhibited significantly more variation, with a higher propensity to customize the license text. In addition, the MIT/X11 license has spawned several specialized variants which likely constitute different legal meanings. Based on these findings, recommendations are proposed on what variability needs to be accommodated by the Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) which is in the process of standardizing the allowed variability of both licenses. }, isbn = {978-3-319-17836-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_14}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_14}, author = {Maryka, Trevor and German, DanielM. and Poo-Caama{\~n}o, Germ{\'a}n}, editor = {Damiani, Ernesto and Frati, Fulvio and Dirk Riehle and Wasserman, Anthony I.} } @inbook {1595, title = {Analyzing the Relationship between the License of Packages and Their Files in Free and Open Source Software}, booktitle = {Open Source Software: Mobile Open Source Technologies}, series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, volume = {427}, year = {2014}, pages = {51-60}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, abstract = {Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is widely reused today. To reuse FOSS one must accept the conditions imposed by the software license under which the component is made available. This is complicated by the fact that often FOSS packages contain files from many licenses. In this paper we analyze the source code of packages in the Fedora Core Linux distribution with the goal of discovering the relationship between the license of a source package, and the license of the files it contains. For this purpose we create license inclusion graphs. Our results show that more modern reciprocal licenses such as the General Public License v3 tend to include files of less licenses than its previous versions, and that packages under an Apache License tend to contain only files under the same license.}, isbn = {978-3-642-55127-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_6}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_6}, author = {Manabe, Yuki and German, DanielM. and Inoue, Katsuro}, editor = {Corral, Luis and Sillitti, Alberto and Succi, Giancarlo and Vlasenko, Jelena and Wasserman, AnthonyI.} }