@proceedings {1808,
	title = {How Do Free/Open Source Developers Pick Their Tools? A Delphi Study of the Debian Project},
	year = {2016},
	abstract = {Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) has come to play a critical role in the global software industry. Organizations are widely adopting FOSS and interacting with open source communities, and hence organizations have a considerable interest in seeing these communities flourishing. Very little research has focused on the tools used to develop that software. Given the absence of organizational policies and mandate that would occur in a traditional environment, an open question is how FOSS developers decide what tools to use. In this paper we report on a policy delphi study conducted in the Debian Project, one of the largest FOSS projects. Drawing from data collected in three phases from a panel of 21 experts, we identified 15 factors that affect their decision to adopt tools. This in turn can help FOSS communities to define a suitable policy of actions, in order to improve their processes.},
	keywords = {Delphi, Free/Open Source Software, Qualitative Study, study, tools},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291312269_How_Do_FreeOpen_Source_Developers_Pick_Their_Tools_A_Delphi_Study_of_the_Debian_Project},
	author = {Martin Krafft and Stol, Klaas-Jan and Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@article {1747,
	title = {Inner Source--Adopting Open Source Development Practices within Organizations: A Tutorial},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {1 - 1},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Inner source, the adoption and tailoring of Open Source development practices inside organizations, is a topic of increasing interest. While Inner Source offers a number of benefits, in our experience many practitioners are unclear as to what Inner Source is, and what steps to take towards adoption. In this article we present a tutorial in which we outline nine key factors, pertaining to product, process and organization, which we have found to be important in working with organizations who are interested in Inner Source. This paper illustrates these nine factors with three inner source initiatives that we have studied. },
	issn = {0740-7459},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2014.77},
	author = {Stol, Klaas-Jan and Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@article {1686,
	title = {Why and How Should Open Source Projects Adopt Time-Based Releases?},
	journal = {IEEE Software, 32(2)},
	year = {2015},
	abstract = {Traditional release strategies have a number of associated problems, which can be overcome by time-based release management. We present findings from interviews with key members of seven prominent volunteer-based open source projects, all of which have adopted a time-based release strategy. We discuss the importance of release planning, the numerous challenges that can result from a lack of such planning, and the benefits of time-based releases. Finally, we discuss how an open source project can adopt a time-based release strategy.},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268815678_Why_and_How_Should_Open_Source_Projects_Adopt_Time-Based_Releases},
	author = {Martin Michlmayr and Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@article {1637,
	title = {Microblogging in Open Source Software Development: The Case of Drupal and Twitter},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2014},
	month = {7/2014},
	pages = {72 - 80},
	abstract = {Microblogging is a popular form of social media that has quickly permeated both enterprise and open source communities. However, exactly how open source communities can leverage microblogging isn{\textquoteright}t yet well understood. The authors investigate how Drupal{\textquoteright}s open source community uses Twitter, a household name in microblogging. Their analysis of group and individual accounts of Drupal developers reveals that they take on similar but distinct roles. Both serve as communicators of essential links to a vast and growing community knowledge base, such as work artifacts, issues, documentation, and blog posts, but community members often express positive emotions when tweeting about work, which reinforces a sense of community.},
	issn = {0740-7459},
	doi = {10.1109/MS.2013.98},
	author = {Wang, Xiaofang and Kuzmickaja, Ilona and Stol, Klaas-Jan and Abrahamsson, Pekka and Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@article {1707,
	title = {Time-Based Release Management in Free and Open Source (FOSS) Projects},
	journal = {International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	month = {31/2012},
	pages = {1 - 19},
	abstract = {As the Free and Open Source (FOSS) concept has
matured, its commercial significance has also
increased, and issues such as quality and
sustainability have moved to the fore. In this study,
we focus on time-based release management in large
volunteer FOSS projects, and reveal how it addresses
quality and sustainability issues. We discuss the
differences between release management in the
traditional software context and contrast it with
FOSS settings. Based on detailed case studies of a
number of prominent FOSS projects, we describe the
move to time-based release management and identify
the factors and criteria necessary for a successful
transition. We also consider the implications for
software development more generally in the current
dynamic Internet-enabled environment.},
	issn = {1942-3934},
	doi = {10.4018/jossp.2012010101},
	url = {http://lero.ie/sites/default/files/Lero-TR-2011-04.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Lero-TR-2011-04.pdf},
	author = {Martin Michlmayr and Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@article {1383,
	title = {A comparative study of challenges in integrating Open Source Software and Inner Source Software},
	journal = {Information and Software Technology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12/2011},
	pages = {1319 - 1336},
	abstract = {Context

Several large software-developing organizations have adopted Open Source Software development (OSSD) practices to develop in-house components that are subsequently integrated into products. This phenomenon is also known as {\textquotedblleft}Inner Source{\textquotedblright}. While there have been several reports of successful cases of this phenomenon, little is known about the challenges that practitioners face when integrating software that is developed in such a setting.
Objective

The objective of this study was to shed light on challenges related to building products with components that have been developed within an Inner Source development environment.
Method

Following an initial systematic literature review to generate seed category data constructs, we performed an in-depth exploratory case study in an organization that has a significant track record in the implementation of Inner Source. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with participants from a range of divisions across the organization. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques.
Results

We have identified a number of challenges and approaches to address them, and compared the findings to challenges related to development with OSS products reported in the literature. We found that many challenges identified in the case study could be mapped to challenges related to integration of OSS.
Conclusion

The results provide important insights into common challenges of developing with OSS and Inner Source and may help organizations to understand how to improve their software development practices by adopting certain OSSD practices. The findings also identify the areas that need further research.
Highlights

► We performed a case study that has adopted Open Source development practices. ► We studied the challenges encountered and approaches taken by the organization. ► We performed a systematic review to identify challenges related to Open Source. ► We compared the findings from the review to the findings from the case study. ► Most identified challenges could be mapped to the findings from the literature.},
	keywords = {Open Source Software;     Inner Source;     Software development;     Challenges;     Case study;     Empirical studies},
	issn = {09505849},
	doi = {10.1016/j.infsof.2011.06.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058491100142X},
	author = {Stol, Klaas-Jan and Ali Babar, Muhammad and Avgeriou, Paris and Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@conference {1646,
	title = {An Examination of the Use of Open Source Software Processes as a Global Software Development Solution for Commercial Software Engineering},
	booktitle = {2009 35th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {20 - 27},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Patras, Greece},
	abstract = {This paper outlines the phenomenon of Inner Source software development and places it in the context of existing open source literature. Our study includes an analysis of multiple case studies of Inner Source in use in large scale global software development companies. The lessons learned from these case studies help us to contrast traditional open source principles with Inner Source principles, and we then gather these lessons, to create our preliminary framework, in order to make sense of when and how firms can adopt Inner Source. Our framework helps to make sense of the practical issues of adopting and managing Inner Source. We have highlighted the emerging trends in the Inner Source phenomenon and surrounding areas. Awareness of this may be of great benefit to researchers in the area and industrial practitioners.},
	isbn = {978-0-7695-3784-9},
	doi = {10.1109/SEAA.2009.86},
	author = {Gaughan, Gary and Fitzgerald, Brian and Maha Shaikh}
}
@article {1235,
	title = {Open Source Software Adoption: Anatomy of Success and Failure},
	journal = {International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes},
	volume = {1},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {01/2009},
	pages = {1-23},
	abstract = {Current estimates suggest widespread adoption of open source software (OSS) in organizations worldwide. However, the problematic nature of OSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems, unforeseen hold-ups, and outright abandonment of OSS implementation over time. Hibernia Hospital, an Irish public sector organization, have embarked on the adoption of a range of OSS applications over several years, some of which have been successfully deployed and remain in live use within the organisation, whereas others, despite achieving high levels of assimilation over a number of years, have not been ultimately retained in live use in the organization. Using a longitudinal case study, we discuss in depth the deployment process for two OSS applications {\textendash} the desktop application suite whose deployment was unsuccessful ultimately, and the email application which was successfully deployed. To our knowledge, this is the first such in-depth study into successful and unsuccessful OSS implementation.},
	keywords = {adoption, project failure, project success},
	doi = {10.4018/jossp.2009010101},
	author = {Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@conference {657,
	title = {Legal issues for free and open source software in government},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {353 - 354},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {41},
	abstract = {As more governments begin to adopt and release free and open source software, it is important to be able to readily recognise and identify the associated legal risks and potential liabilities. This panel will examine and discuss the most common of these associated risks and liabilities. These issues include, but are not limited to: 

  indemnities against claims of intellectual property  infringement from third parties
  requirements of consumer protection and antitrust legislation
  obligations to redistribute source, and when they arise
  enforceability of free software licences
  layering and combining of licences
  dual-licensing
  licence incompatibility
  software patent liability
  contemporary developments in software licensing
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_41},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Legal\%20Issues\%20for\%20Free\%20and\%20OSS.pdf},
	author = {Nic Suzor and Fitzgerald, Brian and Perry, Mark}
}
@article {885,
	title = {Understanding Free/Open Source Software Development Processes},
	journal = {Software Process--Improvement and Practice},
	volume = {11},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	month = {March/April},
	pages = {95-105},
	author = {Walt Scacchi and Feller, Joseph and Fitzgerald, Brian and Hissam, Scott and Lakhani, Karim}
}
@conference {728,
	title = {Assessing the Role of Open Source Software in the European Secondary Software Sector: A Voice from Industry},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {82-87},
	abstract = {This paper addresses the open source software (OSS) phenomenon from an industry perspective and reveals a number of complexities surrounding the role of OSS in the secondary software sector. It presents the research results of an international workshop which was hosted with the explicit intention of extracting the voice of key industrial stakeholders. The data was gathered and analysed using a qualitative approach which revealed the key strengths and weaknesses of OSS from an industrial perspective. This formed the foundations for developing a framework describing the emerging commercial incarnation of OSS (we refer to this as Open Source Software, Inc.) The paper concludes that the European secondary software sector recognise the benefits of leveraging OSS but are aware of key issues pertinent to such an end.},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/752},
	author = {{\r A}gerfalk, P{\"a}r J and Deverell, Andrea and Fitzgerald, Brian and Morgan, Lorraine}
}
@inbook {53,
	title = {Why hackers do what they do: Understanding motivation and effort in free/open source software projects},
	booktitle = {Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software},
	year = {2005},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	organization = {MIT Press},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/lakhaniwolf.pdf},
	author = {Karim R Lakhani and Wolf, R.},
	editor = {Feller, J. and Fitzgerald, Brian and Hissam, S. and Karim R Lakhani}
}
@book {flosswp160,
	title = {Legal Issues Relating to Free and Open Source Software},
	year = {2003},
	month = {September},
	abstract = {This is the publication that follows the {\textquoteright}Legal Issues Relating to Free and Open Source Software Conference{\textquoteright} that was held in Brisbane, Australia on 3 July 2002. The conference examined legal and business issues facing the development and implementation of free and open source software. The presenters were lawyers, academics and software developers expert in the area drawn from Australia and the USA.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/opensourcelawbook.pdf},
	author = {Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@article {flosswp88,
	title = {Open Source Software can Improve the Health of the Bank Balance - The Beaumont Hospital Experience},
	year = {2003},
	month = {May},
	abstract = {This study describes the implementation of open source software in a large Irish public sector organization, Beaumont Hospital. The findings reveal a radical shift in open source deployment from invisible horizontal infrastructure systems to highly visible vertical applications. The case study describes the implementation of these systems, the difficulties encountered, and also the benefits in terms of astonishing cost savings of ?13m over 5 years. . Given that Beaumont were already receiving academic pricing discounts for many of their original proprietary closed source applications, the savings for a typical commercial organization could be even higher. The study also identifies the primary drivers in the move to OSS, namely principle, pragmatism and practicality. The study also indicates how a typical company can contribute back to the OSS community in their own unique way, by distributing applications form their own domain of expertise, rather than having to make detailed code contributions to the original code base.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/fitzgeraldkenny.pdf},
	author = {Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
@proceedings {95,
	title = {Open source software in the trenches: Lessons from a large-scale OSS implementation},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {open source},
	author = {Fitzgerald, Brian and Kenny, Tony}
}
@conference {Feller:2000:FAO:359640.359723,
	title = {A framework analysis of the open source software development paradigm},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the twenty first international conference on Information systems},
	series = {ICIS {\textquoteright}00},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {58{\textendash}69},
	publisher = {Association for Information Systems},
	organization = {Association for Information Systems},
	address = {Atlanta, GA, USA},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) has become the subject of much commercial interest of late. Certainly, OSS seems to hold much promise in addressing the core issues of the software crisis, namely that of software taking too long to develop, exceeding its budget, and not working very well. Indeed, there have been several examples of significant OSS success stories{\textemdash}the Linux operating system, the Apache web server, the BIND domain name resolution utility, to name but a few. However, little by way of rigorous academic research on OSS has been conducted to date. In this study, a framework was derived from two previous frameworks which have been very influential in the IS field, namely that of Zachman{\textquoteright}s IS architecture (ISA) and Checkland{\textquoteright}s CATWOE framework from Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). The resulting framework is used to analyze the OSS approach in detail. The potential future of OSS research is also discussed.},
	url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=359640.359723},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/p58-feller.pdf},
	author = {Feller, Joseph and Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
