@article {1849,
	title = {Folding and unfolding : balancing openness and transparency in open source communities},
	journal = { Information Systems Research},
	year = {2016},
	publisher = {Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences},
	abstract = {Open source communities rely on the espoused premise of complete openness and transparency of source code and development process. Yet, openness and transparency at times need to be balanced out with moments of less open and transparent work. Through our detailed study of Linux Kernel development we build a theory that explains that transparency and openness are nuanced and changing qualities that certain developers manage as they use multiple digital technologies and create, in moments of needs, more opaque and closed digital spaces of work. We refer to these spaces as digital folds. Our paper contributes to extant literature: by providing a process theory of how transparency and openness are balanced with opacity and closure in open source communities according to the needs of the development work; by conceptualizing the nature of digital folds and their role in providing quiet spaces of work: and, by articulating how the process of digital folding and unfolding is made far more possible by select elite actors{\textquoteright} navigating the line between the pragmatics of coding and the accepted ideology of openness and transparency.

},
	url = {http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/78627/},
	author = {Maha Shaikh and Vaast, Emmanuelle}
}
@inbook {1741,
	title = {First Results About Motivation and Impact of License Changes in Open Source Projects},
	booktitle = {Open Source Systems: Adoption and Impact},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology},
	volume = {451},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {137-145},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	abstract = {Free and open source software is characterized by the freedoms and criteria that are warranted by specific licenses. These licenses describe the rights and duties of the licensors and licensees. However, a licensing change may be necessary in the life of an open source project to meet legal developments or to allow the implementation of new business models. This paper examines the motivations and impacts of license changes in open source projects. After a state of the art on the subject, a set of case studies where projects changed their license is presented. Then a set of motivations to change licenses, the ways to legally make this change, the problems caused by this change and a set of benefits of the license change are discussed.
},
	keywords = {Business model, Contributor agreement, intellectual property, license, open source},
	isbn = {978-3-319-17836-3},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_13},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17837-0_13},
	author = {Viseur, Robert and Gregorio Robles},
	editor = {Damiani, Ernesto and Frati, Fulvio and Dirk Riehle and Wasserman, Anthony I.}
}
@proceedings {1708,
	title = {FLOSS as a source for profanity and insults: Collecting the data},
	year = {2015},
	note = {http://flossdata.syr.edu/data/insults/},
	month = {1/2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {An important task in machine learning and natural language processing is to learn to recognize different types of human speech, including humor, sarcasm, insults, and profanity. In this paper we describe our method to produce test and training data sets to assist in this task. Our test data sets are taken from the domain of free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS) development communities. We describe our process in constructing helper sets of relevant data, such as profanity lists, lists of insults, and lists of projects with their codes of conduct. Contributions of this paper are to describe the background literature on computer-aided methods of recognizing insulting or profane speech, to describe the parameters of data sets that are useful in this work, and to outline how FLOSS communities are such a rich source of insulting or profane speech data. We then describe our data sets in detail, including how we created these data sets, and provide some initial guidelines for usage.
},
	doi = {10.1109/HICSS.2015.623},
	url = {https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1DIkv_Qrq0mPtbkS3eCH2w-Ly4nvz0h5qy8y8NjZjhMU/edit?usp=sharing},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/hicssInsultsv2.pdf},
	author = {Squire, Megan and Gazda, Rebecca}
}
@proceedings {1789,
	title = {The FLOSS History in Japan: An Ethnographic Approach},
	year = {2015},
	month = {08/2015},
	abstract = {This paper reports an overview of the Internet history project
which especially focuses on Free / Libre / Open-Source Software
(FLOSS) history. The project adopts an ethnographical
approach and it aims to compose a chronicle on the
growth of FLOSS history in Japan. An outcome of the
project is expected to be not only a record but a compass
for younger generations. The project has already started
and conducted several interviews. In this paper, an interim
report of our analysis based on the interviews is presented.},
	url = {http://www.opensym.org/os2015/proceedings-files/p105-iio.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/p105-iio.pdf},
	author = {Iio, Jun and Hatta, Masayuki and Ko Kazaana}
}
@conference {Romo:2014:FGD:2641580.2641592,
	title = {Filling the Gaps of Development Logs and Bug Issue Data},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of The International Symposium on Open Collaboration},
	series = {OpenSym {\textquoteright}14},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {8:1{\textendash}8:4},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {It has been suggested that the data from bug repositories is not always in sync or complete compared to the logs detailing the actions of developers on source code.

In this paper, we trace two sources of information relative to software bugs: the change logs of the actions of developers and the issues reported as bugs. The aim is to identify and quantify the discrepancies between the two sources in recording and storing the developer logs relative to bugs.

Focussing on the databases produced by two mining software repository tools, CVSAnalY and Bicho, we use part of the SZZ algorithm to identify bugs and to compare how the "defects-fixing changes" are recorded in the two databases. We use a working example to show how to do so.

The results indicate that there is a significant amount of information, not in sync when tracing bugs in the two databases. We, therefore, propose an automatic approach to re-align the two databases, so that the collected information is mirrored and in sync.},
	keywords = {Bug traceability, bug-fixing commits},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-3016-9},
	doi = {10.1145/2641580.2641592},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2641580.2641592},
	author = {Romo, Bilyaminu Auwal and Capiluppi, Andrea and Hall, Tracy}
}
@conference {Robles:2014:FSD:2597073.2597129,
	title = {FLOSS 2013: A Survey Dataset About Free Software Contributors: Challenges for Curating, Sharing, and Combining},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},
	series = {MSR 2014},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {396{\textendash}399},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {In this data paper we describe a data set obtained by means of performing an on-line survey to over 2,000 Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) contributors. The survey includes questions related to personal characteristics (gender, age, civil status, nationality, etc.), education and level of English, professional status, dedication to FLOSS projects, reasons and motivations, involvement and goals. We describe as well the possibilities and challenges of using private information from the survey when linked with other, publicly available data sources. In this regard, an example of data sharing will be presented and legal, ethical and technical issues will be discussed.
},
	keywords = {anonymization, data combining, data sharing, ethics, free software, microdata, msr data showcase, open data, open source, privacy, Survey},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-2863-0},
	doi = {10.1145/2597073.2597129},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2597073.2597129},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/msr14gregorio.pdf},
	author = {Gregorio Robles and Reina, Laura Arjona and Serebrenik, Alexander and Vasilescu, Bogdan and Gonz{\'a}lez-Barahona, Jes{\'u}s M.}
}
@inbook {1617,
	title = {Flow Research SXP Agile Methodology for FOSS Projects},
	booktitle = {Open Source Software: Mobile Open Source Technologies},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology},
	volume = {427},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {195-198},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	abstract = {

This paper aims to explain a procedure that takes into account the different research processes carried out in developing an open-source, allowing control and management. This study is the SXP methodology applied in this type of project was carried out, allowing the validity of the basis of this research.
},
	keywords = {methodology SXP, open-source, production, research, Software},
	isbn = {978-3-642-55127-7},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_28},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_28},
	author = {Pe{\~n}alver Romero, GladysMarsi and Leyva Samada, LisandraIsabel and Abad, AbelMeneses},
	editor = {Corral, Luis and Sillitti, Alberto and Succi, Giancarlo and Vlasenko, Jelena and Wasserman, AnthonyI.}
}
@proceedings {1567,
	title = {Forge++: The changing landscape of FLOSS development},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Note, Georgios Gousios, the author of GHTorrent, has this to say about the Github programming language query given in the paper:

"GHTorrent only records the primary language of a repository at the time the repository data was requested, as this is the only thing the Github API returns. Therefore, your query is correct but the interpretation of the results may be not."},
	month = {01/2014},
	pages = {3266-3275},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	abstract = {Software forges are centralized online systems that provide useful tools to help distributed development teams work together, especially in free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS). Forge-provided tools may include web space, version control systems, mailing lists and communication forums, bug tracking systems, file downloads, wikis, and the like. Empirical software engineering researchers can mine the artifacts from these tools to better understand how FLOSS is made. As the landscape of distributed software development has grown and changed, the tools needed to make FLOSS have changed as well. There are three newer tools at the center of FLOSS development today: distributed version control based forges (like Github), programmer question-and-answer communities (like Stack Overflow), and pastebin tools (like Gist or Pastebin.com). These tools are extending and changing the toolset used for FLOSS development, and redefining what a software forge looks like. The main contributions of this paper are to describe each of these tools, to identify the data and artifacts available for mining from these tools, and to outline some of the ways researchers can use these artifacts to continue to understand how FLOSS is made.},
	doi = {10.1109/HICSS.2014.405},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/hicssFLOSSfinalWatermark_0.pdf},
	author = {Squire, Megan}
}
@inbook {1598,
	title = {FOSS Service Management and Incidences},
	booktitle = {Open Source Software: Mobile Open Source Technologies},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology},
	volume = {427},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {76-79},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	abstract = {

The Free Open Source Software (FOSS) solutions have been reaching a high demand, usage and global recognition, not only in the development of applications for companies and institutions also in the management of services and incidents. With the upswing of Information Technology (IT), the development of tools that enable the reporting of problems and incidents on any organization or company is necessary. Every day you need more applications, software generally, that make easier the user{\textquoteright}s actions. This paper describes the need to use these tools and recount the development of a web application that allows the management of reports and incidents from users of Nova, the GNU/Linux Cuban distribution.
},
	keywords = {FOSS, service management and incidences},
	isbn = {978-3-642-55127-7},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55128-4_9},
	author = {Ortiz, SusanaS{\'a}nchez and P{\'e}rez Benitez, Alfredo},
	editor = {Corral, Luis and Sillitti, Alberto and Succi, Giancarlo and Vlasenko, Jelena and Wasserman, AnthonyI.}
}
@proceedings {1636,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software projects as early MOOCs},
	year = {2014},
	month = {04/2014},
	pages = {874-883},
	abstract = {This paper presents Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) Projects as early Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs). Being software development a process where learning and collaboration is of major importance, FLOSS projects have in common many characteristics with MOOCs. This is because many FLOSS projects (such as Linux, Apache, GNOME or KDE, among others) are massive, they are open to anyone to participate, and are driven mainly by telematic means. We therefore present the research literature that has studied FLOSS projects from points of view that are close to learning and discuss how the FLOSS community has approached many of the issues related to acquiring knowledge and skills over the Internet and compare them to how currently MOOCs, both xMOOCs and cMOOCs, address these situations.
},
	keywords = {education, FLOSS, learning, mooc},
	doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2014.6826200},
	author = {Robles, G. and Plaza, H. and Gonzalez-Barahona, J.M.}
}
@book {1579,
	title = {Finding Source Code on the Web for Remix and Reuse},
	series = {Infrastructure for Building Code Search Applications for Developers},
	year = {2013},
	note = {In "further reading": "Although not a code search infrastructure, FLOSSmole [13] is another major undertaking
in building large collection of metadata about open source projects on the
Web. Currently, FLOSSmole reports a massive data collection of more than 500,000
open source projects in its web site [32]. For code search infrastructure builders,
now it is possible to leverage FLOSSmole{\textquoteright}s project metadata to build code repositories
instead of spending an effort in implementing custom spiders and crawlers for
code."},
	pages = {135 - 164},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	organization = {Springer New York},
	address = {New York, NY},
	abstract = {The large availability of open source code on the Web provides great opportunities to build useful code search applications for developers. Building such applications requires addressing several challenges inherent in collecting and analyzing code from open source repositories to make them available for search. An infrastructure that supports collection, analysis, and search services for open source code available on the Web can greatly facilitate building effective code search applications. This chapter presents such an infrastructure called Sourcerer that facilitates collection, analysis, and search of source code available in code repositories on the Web. This chapter provides useful information to researchers and implementors of code search applications interested in harnessing the large availability of source code in the repositories on the Web. In particular, this chapter highlights key aspects of Sourcerer that supports combining Software Engineering and Information Retrieval techniques to build effective code search applications.},
	keywords = {code search, flossmole cited},
	isbn = {978-1-4614-6596-6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6596-6_8},
	url = {http://www.drsusansim.org/papers/FindingCodeontheWeb-20120822.pdf},
	author = {Bajracharya, Sushil Krishna},
	editor = {Sim, Susan Elliott and Gallardo-Valencia, Rosalva E.}
}
@proceedings {1465,
	title = {Forking the Commons: Developmental Tensions and Evolutionary Patterns in Open Source Software},
	volume = {378},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {310-315},
	publisher = {IFIP AICT,  Springer},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) presents opportunities and challenges for developers to exploit its commons based licensing regime by creating specializations of a software technology to address plurality of goals and priorities. By {\textquoteleft}forking{\textquoteright} a new branch of development separate from the main project, development diverges into a path in order to relieve tensions related to specialization, which later encounters new tensions. In this study, we first classify forces and patterns within this divergence process. Such tensions may stem from a variety of sources including internal power conflicts, emergence of new environmental niches such as demand for specialized uses of same software, or differences along stability vs. development speed trade-off. We then present an evolutionary model which combines divergence options available to resolve tensions, and how further tensions emerge. In developing this model we attempt to define open software evolution at the level of systems of software, rather than at individual software project level.},
	keywords = {divergence, forking, software evolution, specialization},
	author = {Gen{\c c}er, Mehmet and {\"O}zel, B{\"u}lent}
}
@proceedings {1454,
	title = {Free and Open Source Software Adoption in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Study in the Education Sector},
	volume = {378},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {244-249},
	publisher = {IFIP AICT,  Springer},
	abstract = {The adoption of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) in the education sector in emerging markets holds much promise, but should be accompanied by a well-informed decision to ensure that the potential value is realized. The research conducted provides insight into the pragmatic factors driving the adoption of FOSS in the education environment, as well as those aspects inhibiting adoption. This study indicates an increasing readiness to accept FOSS in the education sector, where the more successful organizations show a readiness to adopt a comprehensive decision model to ensure the installation of appropriate ICT infrastructure, including FOSS, for the future.},
	author = {Gangadharan, G.R. and Butler, Martin}
}
@article {flosswp403,
	title = {Free/Libre Open Source Software: What We Know and What We Do Not Know},
	journal = {ACM Computing Surveys},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {ACM},
	edition = {2},
	abstract = {We review the empirical research on Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development and assess the state of the literature. Our review is organized around an input-mediator-output-input (IMOI) model. We start with a description of the articles selected for the review. We then discuss findings of this literature categorized into issues pertaining to inputs (e.g., member characteristics, technology use and project characteristics), processes (software development and social processes), emergent states (e.g., trust and task related states) and outputs (e.g. team performance, FLOSS implementation and project evolution). Based on this review, we suggest research questions, including methodological and theoretical issues, to guide future inquiry in this area.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/floss_review_paper.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Kangning Wei and Howison, James and Andrea Wiggins}
}
@proceedings {1461,
	title = {From Open Source Software to Open Source Hardware},
	volume = {378},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {286-291},
	publisher = {IFIP AICT,  Springer},
	abstract = {The open source software principles progressively give rise to new initiatives for culture (free culture), data (open data) or hardware (open hardware). The open hardware is experiencing a significant growth but the business models and legal aspects are not well known. This paper is dedicated to the economics of open hardware. We define the open hardware concept and determine intellectual property tools we can apply to open hardware, with a strong focus on open source licenses and practices. We next conduct some case studies in order to determine which licenses and business models are used by open hardware companies. We show some strong similarities with open source software and propose new opportunities for future works.},
	author = {Viseur, Robert}
}
@proceedings {1477,
	title = {Future Smart Metering Runs on Open Source {\textendash} Challenges and the GuruxAMI Project},
	volume = {378},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {389-394},
	publisher = {IFIP AICT,  Springer},
	address = {Eighth International Conference on Open Source Systems},
	abstract = {More and more devices are coming to Internet and organizations are using more devices to measure things. Challenges include a huge amount of different protocols and a risk of technological lock-in. Because of new innovations and demands new protocols are coming out all the time. Increasing amount of protocols makes it harder to collect data from different data sources and save it to one place. If we want to make tailored reports it is important that we can save all collected data to the one place. This paper presents an overview of how the industrial research project GuruxAMI (Gurux Advanced Metering Infrastructure) tries to solve this problem. An overarching goal of the project is to make an open platform that can be used to collect data from different data sources using different protocols and save collected data to the one place. This will be done by developing Open Source platform that can handle different protocols.},
	author = {Kurunsaari, Mikko}
}
@article {1321,
	title = {Factors Affecting the Development of Absorptive Capacity in the Adoption of Open Source Software},
	journal = {International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {17 - 38},
	abstract = {Previous research has shown that the knowledge that is available to an organization is an important factor influencing the adoption of open source software (OSS). Hence, it is important that organizations develop their absorptive capacity in order to successfully adopt OSS. Absorptive capacity refers to the ability of an organization to acquire, assimilate, and exploit new knowledge. However, no study has specifically investigated how organizations can develop their absorptive capacity by acquiring knowledge about OSS. This paper addresses this gap in research by investigating the organizational knowledge assimilation process within the context of the adoption of OSS. Based on a case study conducted at the Flemish government, a framework that is grounded in literature and that illustrates which contextual factors influence the development of absorptive capacity in the context of the adoption of OSS was developed.},
	keywords = {adoption, government},
	issn = {1942-3934},
	doi = {10.4018/jossp.2011010102},
	author = {Ven, Kris and De Bruyn, Peter}
}
@inbook {1586,
	title = {FLOSS Project Effectiveness Measures},
	booktitle = {Successful OSS Project Design and Implementation},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {149-168},
	publisher = {Gower},
	organization = {Gower},
	abstract = {In this chapter, we develop and illustrate measures of the effectiveness of FLOSS
projects. FLOSS is a broad term used to embrace software that is developed
and released under either a {\textquotedblleft}free software{\textquotedblright} or an {\textquotedblleft}open source{\textquotedblright} license. While
the free software and the open source movements are distinct, both kinds of
licenses allow users to obtain and distribute the software{\textquoteright}s original source
without charge (software is {\textquotedblleft}free as in beer{\textquotedblright}) and to inspect, modify, and
redistribute modifications to the source code. While the open source movement
views these freedoms pragmatically (as a development methodology), the
free software movement emphasizes the meaning of {\textquotedblleft}free as in speech,{\textquotedblright}
which is captured by the French/Spanish libre, and one of their methods of
supporting those freedoms is {\textquotedblleft}copyleft,{\textquotedblright} famously embodied in the General
Public License, meaning that derivative works must be made available under
the same license terms as the original. This chapter focuses on development
practices in distributed work, which are largely shared across the movements.
For example, many (though by no means all) FLOSS developers contribute to
projects as volunteers without working for a common organization or being
paid. We therefore use the acronym FLOSS to refer collectively to free/libre and
open source software. 

It is important to develop measures of effectiveness for FLOSS projects for
at least two reasons. First, having such measures should be useful for FLOSS
project managers in assessing their projects. In some cases, FLOSS projects are
sponsored by third parties, so measures are useful for sponsors to understand
the return on their investment. Second, FLOSS is an increasingly visible and
copied mode of systems development. Millions of users depend on FLOSS
systems such as Linux and on the Internet, which is itself heavily dependent
on FLOSS tools, but as Scacchi (2002a, p. 1) notes, {\textquotedblleft}little is known about how
people in these communities coordinate software development across different
settings, or about what software processes, work practices, and organizational
contexts are necessary to their success.{\textquotedblright} An EU/NSF workshop on priorities for
FLOSS research identified the need both for learning from open source modes
of organization and production that could perhaps be applied to other areas
and for a concerted effort on open source in itself, for itself (Ghosh 2002). But to
be able to learn from teams that are working well, we need to have a definition
of working well.

In the following sections of the chapter, we will first discuss several
measures of project effectiveness, and then the procedure we used to obtain
data with which to operationalize these measures, followed by the details of
the analysis approach. We then present the results of this analysis and discuss
the implications of these results. We then illustrate how these measures can be
used to compare projects as part of a research study. We conclude with some
suggestions for future research. },
	url = {http://library.trec.co.ir/pdfTemp/97805660879501.pdf$\#$page=164},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Howison, James}
}
@mastersthesis {1415,
	title = {FLOSSSim: Understanding the Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) Development Process through Agent-Based Modeling},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {323},
	type = {PhD Dissertation},
	address = {Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA},
	abstract = {Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) is the product of volunteers collaborating to build software in an open, public manner. The large number of FLOSS projects, combined with the data that is inherently archived with this online process, make studying this phenomenon attractive. Some FLOSS projects are very functional, well-known, and successful, such as Linux, the Apache Web Server, and Firefox. However, for every successful FLOSS project there are 100{\textquoteright}s of projects that are unsuccessful. These projects fail to attract sufficient interest from developers and users and become inactive or abandoned before useful functionality is achieved. The goal of this research is to better understand the open source development process and gain insight into why some FLOSS projects succeed while others fail.

This dissertation presents an agent-based model of the FLOSS development process. The model is built around the concept that projects must manage to attract contributions from a limited pool of participants in order to progress. In the model developer and user agents select from a landscape of competing FLOSS projects based on perceived utility. Via the selections that are made and subsequent contributions, some projects are propelled to success while others remain stagnant and inactive.

Findings from a diverse set of empirical studies of FLOSS projects are used to formulate the model, which is then calibrated on empirical data from multiple sources of public FLOSS data. The model is able to reproduce key characteristics observed in the FLOSS domain and is capable of making accurate predictions. The model is used to gain a better understanding of the FLOSS development process, including what it means for FLOSS projects to be successful and what conditions increase the probability of project success. It is shown that FLOSS is a producer-driven process, and project factors that are important for developers selecting projects are identified. In addition, it is shown that projects are sensitive to when core developers make contributions, and the exhibited bandwagon effects mean that some projects will be successful regardless of competing projects. Recommendations for improving software engineering in general based on the positive characteristics of FLOSS are also presented.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/FLOSSSim_final.pdf},
	author = {Radtke, Nicholas P.}
}
@proceedings {1297,
	title = {Forge.mil: A Case Study for Utilizing Open Source Methodologies Inside of Government},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {334-337},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {In late 2008, DISA (Defense Information Systems Agency), the global IT arm of the US Department of Defense, embarked upon a project to create an internal collaboration and software application lifecycle management system. Beyond simply fielding yet another tool, the Forge.mil effort was designed to fundamentally change the way the DoD developed and acquired software technology and systems. The method of this change was the application of Open Source principles inside of the larger DoD community, including ideas such as meritocracy and code sharing, as well as Agile and collaborative software development. This lightning talk will explain the rationale behind Forge.mil, how it was developed using Open Source principles, and how it continues to influence technology acquisition within the DoD in both practice and policy changes.},
	author = {Martin, Guy and Lippold, Aaron}
}
@proceedings {1283,
	title = {Framing the Conundrum of Total Cost of Ownership of Open Source Software},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {208-219},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {This paper reflects the results of phase I of our study on the total cost of ownership (TCO) of open source software adoption. Not only have we found TCO to be an intriguing issue but it is contentious, baffling and each company approaches it in a distinctive manner (and sometimes not at all). In effect it is a conundrum that needs unpacking before it can be explained and understood. Our paper discusses the components of TCO as total cost of ownership and total cost of acquisition (and besides). Using this broad dichotomy and its various components we then analyze our data to make sense of procurement decisions in relation to open source software in the public sector and private companies.},
	keywords = {benefits, exit costs, open source software, software adoption, Survey, tco, total cost of ownership},
	author = {Maha Shaikh and Cornford, Tony}
}
@conference {959,
	title = {Finding file clones in FreeBSD Ports Collection},
	booktitle = {2010 7th IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2010)2010 7th IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2010)},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {102 - 105},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Cape Town, South Africa},
	abstract = {In Open Source System (OSS) development, software components are often imported and reused; for this reason we might expect that files are copied in multiple projects (file clones). In this paper, we propose a file clone detection tool called FCFinder and show the analysis performed with it on the FreeBSD Ports Collection, a large OSS project collection. We found many file clones among similar or related projects, which are systematically introduced from base projects.},
	keywords = {clone, freebsd, msr challenge, source code},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-6802-7},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2010.5463293},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/102FreeBSDClones.pdf},
	author = {Sasaki, Yusuke and Yamamoto, Tetsuo and Hayase, Yasuhiro and Inoue, Katsuro}
}
@article {1134,
	title = {A Fistful of Dollars: Financial Rewards, Payment Norms, and Motivation Crowding in Open Source Software Development},
	year = {2010},
	month = {04/2010},
	institution = {ssrn},
	address = {ssrn},
	abstract = {Existing literature on open source software (OSS) maintains that intrinsic motivation and extrinsic financial rewards have a unidimensionally positive effect on the motivation of individual developers. Based on self-determination theory, which underlies most of these studies, we challenge this assumption. We argue that the effect of payment on both intrinsic motivation and total motivation of OSS developers is far more complex. To illustrate our point, we introduce the concept of individuals{\textquoteright} norms about payment to the field of OSS. In doing so, we are able to show that payment norms moderate the effect of payment on intrinsic motivation and total motivation. Conducting a scenario experiment, we find that intrinsic motivation decreases for individuals with norms against payment. This effect becomes even stronger when analyzing for mediation effects. Total motivation is impacted positively by payment, but the effect turns insignificant for individuals with norms for payment. Our findings help explain the results of previous studies in which OSS developers did not seem to be affected by motivation crowding. They further contribute to the more general debate on how to manage individuals in the absence of formal contracts. From a practical perspective, we show that financial rewards may create a management dilemma for OSS project leaders. },
	keywords = {developers, experiment, financial, MOTIVATION},
	author = {Oliver Alexy and Martin Leitner}
}
@conference {1221,
	title = {From Proprietary to Open Source: Building a Network of Trust},
	booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Building Sustainable Open Source Communities (OSCOMM 2010)},
	year = {2010},
	abstract = {When a corporation is about to release a product as open source a large network of trust must be built and maintained. Open source and commercial domains have radically different aspects of trust. Still, trust is vital in products survival in both settings. This paper focuses on building cognitive, or rational, trust in both commercial and open source domains. We set the view angle so that trust can be approached via the various relationships between the stakeholders involved in the community building process. Towards this goal, the paper focuses on the first steps of the process by proposing a set of best practices.},
	keywords = {oss2010, osscomm, workshop},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/osscomm001.pdf},
	author = {Sirkkala, Petri and Hammouda, Imed and Aaltonen, Timo}
}
@conference {856,
	title = {Facts or Friends? Distinguishing Informational and Conversational Questions in Social QnA Sites (forthcoming)},
	booktitle = {ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
	year = {2009},
	author = {Harper, F. Maxwell and Moy, D. and Konstan, J.A.}
}
@conference {600,
	title = {First International Workshop on Building Sustainable Open Source Communities (OSCOMM 2009)},
	booktitle = {OSS2009: Open Source Ecosystems: Diverse Communities Interacting (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology },
	volume = {299/2009},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {353 - 354},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {32},
	abstract = {The First International Workshop on Building Sustainable Open Source Communities aims at building a community of researchers and practitioners to share experiences and discuss challenges involved in building and maintaining open source communities.
},
	issn = {978-3-642-02031-5},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_32},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/First\%20International\%20Workshop.pdf},
	author = {Hammouda, Imed and Aaltonen, Timo and Capiluppi, Andrea}
}
@conference {1203,
	title = {Flat for the few, steep for the many: Structural cohesion as  a measure of hierarchy in FLOSS communities},
	booktitle = {4th Workshop on Public Data about Software Development (WoPDaSD 2009)},
	year = {2009},
	note = {"The FLOSS project selected as case study is the GNOME web browser Epiphany. The communication network was  generated tracing backwards mail threads in the development mailing list. "},
	month = {2009},
	abstract = {A discrepancy exists between the emphasis posed by practitioners on decentralized and non-hierarchical communication in Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities and empirical evidence of their hierarchical structure. In order to explain this apparent paradox it is here hypothesized that in FLOSS communities local sub-groups exist and are less hierarchical, more decentralized than the whole social network to which they belong. A measure of structural cohesion based on network node connectivity is proposed as an effective method to test whether FLOSS communication networks can be decomposed in nested hierarchies of progressively less centralized sub-groups. Preliminary results from a case study that are consistent with the hypothesis are presented and discussed. },
	keywords = {case study, email, email archives, epiphany, gnome, mailing list, social network analysis},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/guido-conaldi-flat-for-the-few.pdf},
	author = {Guido Conaldi}
}
@conference {589,
	title = {FLOSS UX Design: An Analysis of User Experience Design in Firefox and OpenOffice.org},
	booktitle = {OSS2009: Open Source Ecosystems: Diverse Communities Interacting (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology },
	volume = {299/2009},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {237 - 250},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {21},
	abstract = {We describe two cases of open user experience (UX) design using the Firefox web browser and OpenOffice.org office suite as case studies. We analyze the social complexity of integrating UX practices into the two open source projects using activity awareness, a framework for understanding team performance in collective endeavors of significant scope, duration, and complexity. The facets of activity awareness are common ground, community of practice, social capital, and human development. We found that differences between the communities include different strategies for community building, UX status in the community, type of open UX design, and different ways to share information.
},
	issn = {978-3-642-02031-5},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_21},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Floss\%20UX\%20Desing.pdf},
	author = {Bach, Paula and Carroll, John}
}
@article {1343,
	title = {A Framework for Understanding the Open Source Revolution},
	journal = {International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1 - 16},
	abstract = {Traditional software engineering methodologies have mostly evolved from the environment of proprietary, large-scale software systems. Here, software design principles operate within a hierarchical decision-making context. Development of banking, enterprise resource and complex weapons systems all fit this paradigm. However, another paradigm for developing software-intensive systems has emerged, the paradigm of open source software. Although from a traditional perspective open source projects might look like chaos, their real-world results have been spectacular. This chapter presents open source software development as a fundamentally new paradigm driven by economics and facilitated by new processes. The new paradigm{\textquoteright}s revolutionary aspects are explored, a framework for describing the massive impact brought about by the new paradigm is proposed, and directions of future research are outlined. The proposed framework{\textquoteright}s goals are to help the understanding of the open source paradigm as a new economic revolution and stimulate research in designing open source software.},
	issn = {1942-3934},
	doi = {10.4018/jossp.2009070101},
	author = {Elpern, Jeff and Dascalu, Sergiu}
}
@conference {936,
	title = {From work to word: How do software developers describe their work?},
	booktitle = {2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR)2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {121 - 130},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
	abstract = {Developers take notes about their work sessions, either to remember the work status and share it with collaborators, or because employers explicitly require this for project management matters. We report on an exploratory study which aims at understanding how software developers describe their work. We analyzed more than 750,000 work descriptions of about 2,000 professionals taken over 8 years in three settings. We observed several similarities in the content and time meta-data of work descriptions. Most frequent terms, such as top-30 performed activities, are used consistently. Particular templates such as ldquoACTION concerning ARTIFACT because of CAUSErdquo occur frequently. Developers described sessions that last 30-120 min. 4-16 times a day. Maintaining diaries seems to consume between 3-6\% of the total work time, and in 10\% of the sessions, developers did not describe their work in sufficient detail. We argue that our results make the first step towards automatically generating work diaries for software developers.},
	keywords = {apache, developers, diaries, eureka, mycomp, scm, work management system},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-3493-0},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2009.5069490},
	author = {Maalej, Walid and Happel, Hans-Jorg}
}
@conference {558,
	title = {Facilitating Social Network Studies of FLOSS using the OSSNetwork Environment},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {343 - 350},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {31},
	abstract = {Open source projects are typical examples of successful distributed software development projects. Understanding how coordination in these projects takes place can provide important lessons to Software Engineering researchers and practitioners. This understanding has been achieved using different research methods, including, surveys, case studies and social network analysis. However, to conduct these studies each researcher needs to build his own infra-structure from the scratch, a time consuming and error-prone task. This paper aims to alleviate this problem by describing an environment, the OSSNetwork, which allows the automatic data collection of open source repositories. Data collected by the OSSNetwork is aimed to support the construction, visualization, and analysis of social networks. This environment is extensible, therefore facilitating empirical studies of open source projects.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_31},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Facilitating\%20Social\%20Network\%20Studies.pdf},
	author = {Balieiro, Marco and de J{\'u}nior, Samuel and De Souza, Cleidson}
}
@article {521,
	title = {FLOSS-like education transfer report},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Sept},
	abstract = {Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) communities are not only an exemplar for successful software development, but also for well working learning environments. Yet little is known about how learning occurs in the FLOSS communities and what the underlying success factors are. FLOSS communities might be seen as an example of {\textquoteright}Best Practice{\textquoteright} in how ICT can help to improve education in terms of learning processes, up to date content and open inclusive education where no learner is excluded from participation.The FLOSSCOM project was undertaken in order to evaluate how learning in FLOSS is organised and if, to which degree, and how FLOSS learning principles can be transferred to and used for the improvement of ICT supported formal education. Precisely, the FLOSSPOLS project intended to- identify the factors that contribute to successful knowledge construction in informal learning communities, such as the FLOSS communities- analyze the effectiveness of a FLOSS-like learning community in a formal educational setting- provide case studies, scenarios and guidelines for teachers and decision-makers on how to successfully embed such learning communities within formal educational environments to enhance student progression, retention and achievement- evaluate the project and disseminate the results to the wider community.This report is the third and final report of the FLOSSCOM project. It aims to provide scenarios and guidelines for teachers and decision-makers as practical documentation on how principles of FLOSS-like informal learning communities might be transferred to formal educational environments.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/FLOSSCOM_WP5_PHASE_3_REPORT.pdf},
	author = {Andreas Meiszner}
}
@conference {529,
	title = {Forging A Community {\textendash} Not: Experiences On Establishing An Open Source Project},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {15 - 27},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {2},
	abstract = {Open source has recently become a practical and advocated fashion to develop, integrate, and license software. As a consequence, open source communities that commonly perform the development work are becoming important in the practice of software engineering. A community that is lively can often produce high-quality systems that continuously grow in terms of features, whereas communities that do not gain interest will inevitably perish. Despite their newly established central role, creation, organization, and management of such communities have not yet been widely studied from the viewpoint of software engineering practices. In this paper, we discuss experiences gained in the scope of Laika, an open source project established to develop an integrated software development environment for developing applications that run in Linux based mobile devices.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_2},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/forging\%20a\%20community.pdf},
	author = {J{\"a}rvensivu, Juha and Mikkonen, Tommi}
}
@conference {Gobeille:2008:FP:1370750.1370763,
	title = {The FOSSology project},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2008 international working conference on Mining software repositories},
	series = {MSR {\textquoteright}08},
	year = {2008},
	month = {05/2008},
	pages = {47{\textendash}50},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {By its nature, the availability of FOSS has given computer scientists a large body of software and software projects to analyze. By having available source, version control system metadata, and open project communities, much can be learned about a software project, software development and collaborative project development. The goal of the FOSSology project is to create a public, open source software repository, together with tools to facilitate analysis, storage, and sharing of open source software and its metadata. FOSSology does license detection today.},
	keywords = {abiword, fossology, license analysis, licenses},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-024-1},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1370750.1370763},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1370750.1370763},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/p47-gobeille.pdf},
	author = {Gobeille, Robert}
}
@booklet {512,
	title = {The Foundations of Openness},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jul},
	abstract = {This project explores the notion of openness in software projects. It contextualizes different facets of openness and considers their individual and collective usefulness. It provides a tentative evaluative schema to allow others to weigh up specific criteria that may be important to them. It acknowledges that these criteria may have different weightings for different people, e.g. governance vs open standards vs code licence. The object is *not* a blanket recommendation for openness in all facets of a project. Rather it is a tool for projects, and those who use those projects, to investigate and illuminate the choices being made as well as the implication of open and closed approaches.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Foundations-of-openness-V2-release.pdf},
	author = {Pia Waugh and Randy Metcalfe}
}
@conference {528,
	title = {A Framework for Evaluating Managerial Styles in Open Source Projects},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {1 - 14},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {1},
	abstract = {This paper presents the Software Project Governance Framework (SPGF) for characterizing management of software projects, based on mechanisms used for communication and collaboration, the organizational structure of projects, and testing and quality assurance procedures. The framework was developed and validated from interviews and surveys with leaders of more than 70 commercial and community-based software projects, including both closed and open source projects.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_1},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/framework\%20for\%20evaluating\%20Mangerial\%20Style.pdf},
	author = {Capra, Eugenio and Wasserman, Anthony}
}
@conference {555,
	title = {A Framework to Abstract The Design Practices of e-Learning System Projects},
	booktitle = {OSS2008: Open Source Development, Communities and Quality (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	volume = {275/2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {317 - 323},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {28},
	abstract = {The use of ALT (Advanced Learning Technologies) creates dynamic sharing and exchanging between open source communities that diffuse e-learning systems. In our opinion, the designer practices define new perspectives on e-learning design which are not structured and highlighted enough. This article shows the capabilities of a generic framework to analyse the design practices on a open source project and to explicit these practices. We describe how the semantics for architectural specifications proposed by RM-ODP (Reference Model-Open Distributed Process) framework were applied on an e-learning system project to analyse the principles of invariants, structural and functional.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-09683-4},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_28},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/A\%20Framework\%20to\%20Abstract\%20the\%20Design\%20Project.pdf},
	author = {Corbiere, Alain}
}
@conference {669,
	title = {FOCSE: An OWA-based Evaluation Framework for OS Adoption in Critical Environments},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {3-16},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {1},
	abstract = {While the vast majority of European and US companies increasingly use open source software for non-key applications, a much smaller number of companies have deployed it in critical areas such as security and access control. This is partly due to residual difficulties in performing and documenting the selection process of open source solutions. In this paper we describe the FOCSE metrics framework, supporting a specific selection process for security-related open source code. FOCSE is based on a set of general purpose metrics suitable for evaluating open source frameworks in general; however, it includes some specific metrics expressing security solutions{\textquoteright} capability of responding to continuous change in threats. We show FOCSE at work in two use cases about selecting two different types of security-related open source solutions, i.e. Single Sign-On and Secure Shell applications.
 },
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_1},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/FOCSE\%20\%20an\%20\%20OWA.pdf},
	author = {Ardagna, Claudio and Damiani, Ernesto and Frati, Fulvio}
}
@conference {1017,
	title = {Forecasting the Number of Changes in Eclipse Using Time Series Analysis},
	booktitle = {Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories (MSR{\textquoteright}07:ICSE Workshops 2007)},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {32 - 32},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA},
	abstract = {In order to predict the number of changes in the following months for the project Eclipse, we have applied a statistical (non-explanatory) model based on time series analysis. We have obtained the monthly number of changes in the CVS repository of Eclipse, using the CVSAnalY tool. The input to our model was the filtered series of the number of changes per month, and the output was the number of changes per month for the next three months. Then we aggregated the results of the three months to obtain the total number of changes in the given period in the challenge.},
	keywords = {change management, cvs, cvsanaly, eclipse, prediction},
	isbn = {0-7695-2950-X},
	doi = {10.1109/MSR.2007.10},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/28300032.pdf},
	author = {Herraiz, Israel and Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona and Gregorio Robles}
}
@conference {668,
	title = {FOSLET 07 {\textemdash} Workshop on Free and Open Source Learning Environments and Tools},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {385 - 387},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {52},
	abstract = {Web-based Learning Environments supported by Course Management Systems (also known as Learning Management Systems) are nowadays a valid solution for institutions, companies, schools and universities that deliver eLearning or support blended-learning activities. Learning Environments are used to distribute information and content material to learners, prepare and deliver assignments and tests, engage in discussions, and manage distance classes without time and space restrictions.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_52},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/FOSLET\%2007\%20workshop.pdf},
	author = {Botturi, Luca and Mazza, Riccardo and Tardini, Stefano}
}
@booklet {491,
	title = {Free/libre open source software implementation in schools: Evidence from the field and implications for the future},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Sept},
	abstract = {This empirical paper shows how free/libre open source software (FLOSS) contributes to mutual and collaborative learning in an educational environment. Unlike proprietary software, FLOSS allows extensive customisation of software to support the needs of local users better. This also allows users to participate more proactively in the development and implementation process of a FLOSS-based system. In this paper, we observes how implementing FLOSS in an Italian high school challenges the conventional relationship between end users themselves (e.g. teachers and students) and that between users and developers. The findings will shed some light on the social aspects of FLOSS-based computerization - including the role of FLOSS in social and organizational change in educational environments and the ways that the social organization of FLOSS are influenced by social forces and social practices.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Lin\%26Zini.pdf},
	author = {Yu-wei Lin and Enrico Zini}
}
@conference {640,
	title = {Free/Open Services: Conceptualization, Classification, and Commercialization},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {253 - 258},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {24},
	abstract = {The concept of Free/Open Services (F/O-Services) emerges by bringing together services with Free/Open Source Software (FOSS). F/O-Services enable the creation of transparent composite services collectively and allow people and other services to access them. This paper extends the concept of F/O-Services beyond the level of open interfaces, analyzing the associated licensing interpretations and exploring the notion of open service dependencies. Further, the paper overviews the business models for F/O-Services as a part of this social mechanism of exchange.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_24},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Free\%20Open\%20Services.pdf},
	author = {Gangadharan, G. and D{\textquoteright}Andrea, Vincenzo and Weiss, Michael}
}
@conference {653,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software Adoption, Public Policies and Development Indicators: An International Comparison},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {331 - 336},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {37},
	abstract = {Despite the growing body of research on the inner workings of FOSS development, there are few studies on its relation with broader developments in society. In this study we have attempted a preliminary investigation of (1) how FOSS prevalence is related to economic and human development indicators of countries, (2) whether public policies regarding FOSS emerge in a consistent relation with these indicators in several clusters of countries constructed from the United Nation{\textquoteright}s human development index, and (3) the relation of software piracy to development indicators. Our results point to relative significance of non-economic factors in FOSS adoption, lack of consistent policies among public agencies, and irrelevance of non-economic factors on software piracy. In addition, the study demonstrates the possibility of developing FOSS indices for larger scale diagnosis and strategizing.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_37},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Free\%20OSS\%20Adoption.pdf},
	author = {Schmidbauer, Harald and Gen{\c c}er, Mehmet and Tunal{\i}o_lu, Vehbi}
}
@conference {878,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software Development: Recent Research Results and Emerging Opportunities},
	booktitle = {Proc. European Software Engineering Conference and ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering},
	year = {2007},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {Dubrovnik, Croatia},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@inbook {879,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software Development: Recent Research Results and Methods},
	booktitle = { Advances in Computers},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {243-295},
	author = {Walt Scacchi},
	editor = {Zelkowitz, M.V.}
}
@article {flosswp373,
	title = {From Exchange to Contributions: Generalizing Peer Production into the Physical World},
	year = {2007},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {Peer production is a new mode of production that has emerged in the areas of software and content production during the last decades {\textendash} a mode of production based on sharing and cooperation. We discuss whether and how peer production can be extended into the realm of physical production and whether a society is possible in which peer production is the primary mode of production. We investigate which problems need to be solved for the generalization of peer production and how they can be addressed in the context of individual peer projects as well as society as a whole. Our findings indicate there is no inherent reason for peer production to remain limited to the sphere of information. We analyze how we may expect a society whose economy is based on free cooperation in a multitude of peer projects to work and how such a society compares with societies based on market production or planned production. We show that the differences are striking, and that such a peer economy would grant people an unprecedented amount of control over their own lives, while avoiding the unpleasant effects of other modes of production.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/peer-economy.pdf},
	author = {Christian Siefkes}
}
@article {76,
	title = {From planning to mature: On the success of open source projects},
	journal = {Research Policy},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Times Cited: 0},
	pages = {1575-1586},
	abstract = {Open source is an example of user-centric innovation initiated by an individual or group of users to satisfy their specific needs; the more a software evolves towards a stable release able to address the requirements of its developers, the more successful the project. In this paper we use a large data-set obtained from SourceForge.net to estimate the relationship between a series of different characteristics of OS projects and the probability of evolution of the source code from a preliminary release to a mature version. We show that while projects distributed under highly restrictive licensing terms (GPL) have a significantly smaller probability of reaching a stable release, applications towards sophisticated users have a larger probability of evolving in the development status. Interestingly, we find that the size of the "community of developers" increases the chances of progress but this effect decreases as the community gets larger, a signal of possible coordination problems. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	author = {Stefano Comino and Fabio M. Manenti and Parisi, M. L.}
}
@conference {671,
	title = {From the Cathedral to the Bazaar: An Empirical Study of the Lifecycle of Volunteer Community Projects},
	booktitle = {OSS2007: Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing },
	volume = {234/2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {31 - 44},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {3},
	abstract = {Some free software and open source projects have been extremely successful in the past. The success of a project is often related to the number of developers it can attract: a larger community of developers (the {\textquoteleft}bazaar{\textquoteright}) identifies and corrects more software defects and adds more features via a peer-review process. In this paper two free software projects (Wine and Arla) are empirically explored in order to characterize their software lifecycle, development processes and communities. Both the projects show a phase where the number of active developers and the actual work performed on the system is constant, or does not grow: we argued that this phase corresponds to the one termed {\textquoteleft}cathedral{\textquoteright} in the literature. One of the two projects (Wine) shows also a second phase: a sudden growing amount of developers corresponds to a similar growing output produced: we termed this as the {\textquoteleft}bazaar{\textquoteright} phase, and we also argued that this phase was not achieved for the other system. A further analysis revealed that the transition between {\textquoteleft}cathedral{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}bazaar{\textquoteright} was a phase by itself in Wine, achieved by creating a growing amount of new modules, which attracted new developers.
},
	issn = {978-0-387-72485-0},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_3},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/From\%20the\%20Cathedral.pdf},
	author = {Capiluppi, Andrea and Martin Michlmayr}
}
@article {497,
	title = {The functioning of a free software community: entanglement of three regulation modes - control, autonomous, and distributed},
	journal = {Science Studies},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	abstract = {This paper consider FLOSS communities as ""going concerns"" which necessitate a minimum of order and common, shared, social rules to function. Through an in-depth and diachronic analysis of the Spip project, we present two classical modes of social regulation: a control regulation centred on the product and an autonomous regulation reflecting the differentiated commitments. Our data shows that the meaning, value and legitimacy of contributors{\textquoteright} involvements are defined and rated more collectively, through exchanges, judgments, and evaluations. A third regulation mode, called distributed community regulation and aimed at creating and transforming shared rules that produces recognition and stratification, is then presented.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Science_Studies_02-2007-Demaziere_Horn_Zune.pdf},
	author = {Didier Demazi{\`e}re and Francois Horn and Marc Zune}
}
@conference {Canfora:2006:FGI:1137983.1138009,
	title = {Fine grained indexing of software repositories to support impact analysis},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Mining software repositories},
	series = {MSR {\textquoteright}06},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {105{\textendash}111},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Versioned and bug-tracked software systems provide a huge amount of historical data regarding source code changes and issues management. In this paper we deal with impact analysis of a change request and show that data stored in software repositories are a good descriptor on how past change requests have been resolved. A fine grained analysis method of software repositories is used to index code at different levels of granularity, such as lines of code and source files, with free text contained in software repositories. The method exploits information retrieval algorithms to link the change request description and code entities impacted by similar past change requests. We evaluate such approach on a set of three open-source projects.},
	keywords = {argouml, change analysis, Firefox, gedit, impact analysis, mining software repositories, scm, source code, version control},
	isbn = {1-59593-397-2},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1137983.1138009},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1137983.1138009},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/105FineGrained.pdf},
	author = {Canfora, Gerardo and Cerulo, Luigi}
}
@article {109,
	title = {FLOSSmole: A Collaborative Repository for FLOSS Research Data and Analyses},
	journal = {International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering},
	volume = {1},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {17-26},
	author = {James Howison and Conklin, Megan and Kevin Crowston}
}
@conference {41,
	title = {The FLOSSWALD information system on free and open source software},
	booktitle = {9th International Workshop on Learning Software Organizations},
	year = {2006},
	note = {"Using these [FLOSSmole] data we intend to map the respective projects
to their developed software and thus extend the already
existing cases with new attributes or create new we cases
where necessary."

"Our first step
will be to evaluate the data provided by the Debian project
and the FLOSSmole project and design a knowledge base
and case structure to flexibly work with them."},
	month = {10/2006},
	abstract = {We propose the implementation of an intelligent information system on free and open source software. This system will consist of a case-based reasoning (CBR) system and several machine learning modules to maintain the knowledge base and train the CBR system thus enhancing its performance. Our knowledge base will include data on free and open source software provided by the Debian project, the FLOSSmole project, and other public free and open source software directories. We plan to enrich these data by learning additional information such as concepts and different similarities. With this knowledge base, we hope to be able to create an information system that will be capable of answering queries based on precise as well as vague criteria and give intelligent recommendations on software based on the preferences of the user.},
	keywords = {debian, flossmole},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/flosswald.pdf},
	author = {Reichle, M. and Hanft, A.}
}
@conference {674,
	title = {A Framework for Teaching Software Testing using F/OSS Methodology},
	booktitle = {OSS2006: Open Source Systems (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {261 - 266},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {In this paper we discuss a framework for teaching software testing to undergraduate students{\textquoteright} volunteers. The framework uses open source software development methodology and was implemented in the {\textquotedblleft}Introduction to Software Engineering{\textquotedblright} course at the department of Informatics, Aristotle University, Greece. The framework is in three phases, each describing a teaching and learning context in which students get involved in real software projects activities. We report on our teaching experiences, lessons learned and some practical problems we encountered. Results from preliminary evaluation shows that students did well as bug hunters in the bazaar and are willing to  participate in their projects long after graduation.
},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34226-5_26},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/A\%20Framework\%20for\%20Teaching\%20Software\%20Testing.pdf},
	author = {Sowe, Sulayman and Ioannis Stamelos and Deligiannis, Ignatios}
}
@unpublished {flosswp297,
	title = {Free and open source software hackers in Turkey},
	year = {2006},
	publisher = {n/a},
	type = {Working Paper},
	abstract = {In recent years, there has been growing interest of governments and firms for Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). However, FOSS is still a puzzlement for a wide spectrum of academic disciplines. Social scientists ask why FOSS hackers participate in FOSS if they do not get any monetary rewards. On the other hand firms ask, how a firm can earn money from FOSS. In this study, motivations of FOSS hackers and firms are taken as an interrelated phenomenon. This study discusses FOSS from the view of hackers in Turkey. In that respect, social conditions that make hackers voluntarily contribute to the FOSS projects and their relationship with the commercial world are explored. 1},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/WP.pdf},
	author = {Ibrahim Izlem Gozukeles}
}
@unpublished {flosswp305,
	title = {Free Open Source as a Technology Transfer Tool in the Arab World},
	year = {2006},
	month = {November},
	abstract = {The Arab world has so far minimum contribution to the current global innovation system. Technology transfer is a major factor behind such weakness. Within the context of the Arab world, the Free Open Source (FOS)process could be adopted as a cheap and fast alternative tool for technology transfer. This study will focus on the effectiveness of FOS process on the Technology Transfer and how it will improve the cooperation between research and industrial institutes working in the ICT sector in the Arab world.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Khatib_FOS.pdf},
	author = {Jamil Alkhatib}
}
@unpublished {flosswp335,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software And Business: Forming A Migration Policy},
	year = {2006},
	month = {August},
	abstract = {This paper explores the non-technical issues that arise with migration to Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) in Large Scaled Enterprises (LSEs), with special emphasis on human and social issues. The result of the study is a conceptual framework for effective addressing of non-technical issues in a migration policy. The study is of exploratory nature and uses secondary research findings from multiple disciplines: free and open source software, management of human resources, power and conflict, system migration, information systems development, motivation, change management, organizational psychology and social informatics; including anecdotal evidence from FLOSS migrations in practice. A holistic approach has been used during the analysis of the migration issues, based on the key principles of social informatics that IT technology and social contexts are interdependent. The relationship between FLOSS migrations and different organizational contexts is elaborated and it has been found out how lack of vendor support for FLOSS motivates LSEs to improve their self-support of own IT infrastructures. In-depth analysis is performed of the individual and social impact that FLOSS migrations have on enterprise IT personnel, as well as how different individual factors such as age, gender, personal motivations and beliefs may impact on individual migration efforts. The social differences between typical enterprise IT personnel and the FLOSS community are elaborated, as well as how to overcome the communication gap between them. The role of end users in FLOSS migration and relevant issues are discussed. It is proved why staged migration is the most viable option and it is shown how it is related to human and social factors. At the end, a conceptual framework for description of non-technical FLOSS migration issues is discussed, which can be used as a helpful tool in a migration policy.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/dissertation_kspirov.pdf},
	author = {Kristijan Spirov}
}
@conference {691,
	title = {From Individual Contribution to Group Learning},
	booktitle = {OSS2006: Open Source Systems (IFIP 2.13)},
	series = {IFIP International Federation for Information Processing},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {77 - 90},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) groups experience many benefits and challenges with respect to the core group{\textquoteright}s effectiveness. In order to capitalize on the benefits and minimize the challenges, OSS groups must learn not only on the individual level, but also on the group level. OSS groups learn by integrating individual contributions into the group{\textquoteright}s product and processes.
This paper reports on the characteristics of the learning process in OSS groups. The study utilized an embedded single case study design that observed and analyzed group learning processes in the Apache Web server OSS project. The study used learning opportunity episodes (LOE) as the embedded unit of analysis and developed and utilized three content analytic schemes to describe the characteristics of the learning process and the factors affecting this process.
},
	keywords = {apache, case study},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34226-5_8},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/From\%20Individual\%20Contribution\%20to\%20Group\%20Learning.pdf},
	author = {Hala Annabi and Kevin Crowston and Robert Heckman}
}
@conference {773,
	title = {Fare Open Source all{\textquoteright}Istat: il generatore di data-entry per indagini statistiche},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {283-286},
	abstract = {Viene presentata una prima esperienza di sviluppo di software Open Source all{\textquoteright}Istat, che riguarda un sistema generalizzato di data-entry per indagini statistiche. L{\textquoteright}applicazione, in via di rilascio, copre la fase di acquisizione dati propria delle indagini statistiche e consentir{\`a} di generare maschere che potranno essere utilizzate sia in Intranet che sul Web. L{\textquoteright}applicazione descritta, che utilizza PHP e XML come tecnologie fondanti, rappresenta un{\textquoteright}esperienza concreta di sviluppo Open Source nella quale l{\textquoteright}Istat vuole riversare le proprie esperienze specifiche, mettendole poi a disposizione delle altre strutture interessate.},
	keywords = {data-entry, indagini statistiche, open source, PHP, web, XML},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/903},
	author = {Altarocca, Francesco and Vaccari, Carlo}
}
@article {99,
	title = {A framework for analyzing levels of analysis issues in studies of e-collaboration},
	journal = {Ieee Transactions on Professional Communication},
	volume = {48},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Times Cited: 3},
	pages = {87-104},
	abstract = {There has been a proliferation of competing explanations regarding the inconsistent results reported by the e-collaboration literature since its inception. This study advances another possible explanation by investigating the range of multilevel issues that can be encountered in research on the use of synchronous or asynchronous group support systems. We introduce concepts of levels of analysis from the management literature and then examine all empirical studies of e-collaboration from seven information systems journals for the period 1999-2003. We identified a total of 54 studies of e-collaboration in these journals, and after excluding 18 nonconforming studies-those that were primarily conceptual, qualitative, or exploratory only-we analyzed the levels of analysis issues in the remaining 36 empirical studies. Based on our analysis and classification of these studies into six different clusters according to their levels of analysis, we found that a majority of these studies contain one or more problems of levels incongruence that cast doubts on the validity of their results. It is indeed possible that these methodological problems are in part responsible for the inconsistent results reported in this literature, especially since researchers frequent decisions to analyze data at the individual level-even when the theory was formulated at the group level and when the research setting featured individuals working in groups-may very well have artificially inflated the authors{\textquoteright} chances of finding statistically significant results. Based on our discussion of levels of analysis concepts, we hope to provide guidance to empirical researchers who study e-collaboration.},
	author = {Gallivan, M. J. and Benbunan-Fich, R.}
}
@booklet {489,
	title = {Framework for Governance in Open Source Projects},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	abstract = {In recent years, the development of software in open source communities has attracted immense attention from research and practice. The idea of commercial quality, free software, and open source code accelerated the development of well-designed open source software such as Linux, Apache tools, or Perl.Intrinsic motivation, group identification processes, learning, and career concerns are the key drivers for a successful cooperation among the participants. These factors and most mechanisms of control, coordination, and monitoring forms of open source communities can hardly be explained by traditional organizational theories. In particular, the micro and macro structures of open source communities and their mode of operation are hardly compatible with the central assumption of the New Institutional Theory, like opportunistic behavior.The aim of this contribution is to identify factors that sustain the motivation of the community members over the entire life cycle of an open source project. Adequate coordination and controlling mechanisms for the governance in open source communities may be extracted.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Governance-in-OpenSourceProjects.pdf},
	author = {Christoph Lattemann and Stefan Stieglitz}
}
@article {flosswp209,
	title = {Free software and open source: The freedom debate and its consequences (Published in First Monday)},
	year = {2005},
	month = {March},
	abstract = {To most outsiders the ethics of software is not something usually considered. To most proficient computer users with a passing interest in this question the ethics of software is recognised as one of the fundamental questions in the digital rights area. To most of the latter, terms such as free software, open source, and their derivatives (FLOSS, FOSS, Software Freedom) are interchangeable. Choosing one over the other is a matter of taste rather than politics. However, to most insiders the question is not one of taste. There is a fundamental difference between the two areas even if they share a similar root. Free software is not the same as open source. The two groups differ in their fundamental philosophical approach to software and its importance to society as a whole. This paper examines the two groups? differing philosophies and explores how their actions have affected software development, access to fundamental software infrastructure, and the development of the concept of freedom.},
	author = {Mathias Klang}
}
@conference {768,
	title = {Free software and research},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {270-271},
	abstract = {Free software licenses are a natural choice in a research environment. In the following, we will try to back this simple statement with some considerations and examples, in an effort to analyse the significant interactions between free software and research.},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/864},
	author = {Potort{\`\i}, Francesco}
}
@article {flosswp182,
	title = {Free software development communities as a pedagogic model},
	journal = {Condividere la conoscenza. L{\textquoteright}esempio del software libero},
	year = {2005},
	month = {November},
	publisher = {Unicopli},
	abstract = {The pedagogic interest arising from the emergence of free software development communities is twofold. Firstly, in their production practices these communities set out formative processes as well as educational ones. These practices characterise these communities and are not accessory, to the point that without them the communities could not survive. Secondly, these communities are interesting as they make up a particularly rich epistemological model for the understanding of formative, educational and didactical themes. Having embraced the hacker culture, these communities promote and create an incentive to the free circulation of knowledge without protectionist barriers. However, freedom of knowledge alone is not enough, both in the educational and productive fields, unless it is introduced in an organisational model promoting the participation and engagement of the individuals. The communities of free software development are a particularly interesting organisational model because their structure, based on co-operation and solidarity and opposing centralisation, promote the participation of programmers and users all over the world. Thanks to this kind of organisation, which owes much to a model of delegating leadership, authoritative but not authoritarian, charismatic but not idealised these communities are putting together a very large number of work groups. These are geographically, methodologically and culturally non-homogeneous groups, which despite all predictions create highly competitive products of high quality.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/antonacci.pdf},
	author = {Francesca Antonacci}
}
@article {DBLP:journals/tse/Dinh-TrongB05,
	title = {The FreeBSD Project: A Replication Case Study of Open Source Development},
	journal = {IEEE Trans. Software Eng.},
	volume = {31},
	number = {6},
	year = {2005},
	note = {" we obtained the necessary data from the [FreeBsd] CVS repository, the bug report database, and the e-mail archive. The CVS repository contains all of the code and related documentation that is committed to the project from 1993 until the present. The bug report database contains information describing all reported problems, as well as the status (such as fixed, under test, or open) of each problem. Each bug report is called a PR and assigned a reference number. The e-mail archive contains every e-mail message exchanged between the developers since 1994."

d/l: research.cs.queensu.ca/~ahmed/home/teaching/.../F06/.../free-bsd.pdf},
	pages = {481-494},
	abstract = {Case studies can help to validate claims that open source software development produces higher quality software at lower cost than traditional commercial development. One problem inherent in case studies is external validity{\textemdash}we do not know whether or not results from one case study apply to another development project. We gain or lose confidence in case study results when similar case studies are conducted on other projects. This case study of the FreeBSD project, a long-lived open source project, provides further understanding of open source development. The paper details a method for mining repositories and querying project participants to retrieve key process information. The FreeBSD development process is fairly well-defined with proscribed methods for determining developer responsibilities, dealing with enhancements and defects, and managing releases. Compared to the Apache project, FreeBSD uses 1) a smaller set of core developers{\textemdash}developers who control the code base{\textemdash}that implement a smaller percentage of the system, 2) a larger set of top developers to implement 80 percent of the system, and 3) a more well-defined testing process. FreeBSD and Apache have a similar ratio of core developers to people involved in adapting and debugging the system and people who report problems. Both systems have similar defect densities and the developers are also users in both systems.},
	keywords = {apache, bug reports, contributors, core, cvs, defect density, developers, email, email archive, freebsd, mailing list, scm, source code, users},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.2005.73},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/DinhTrungBieman.pdf},
	author = {Trung T. Dinh-Trong and James M. Bieman}
}
@article {flosswp227,
	title = {From Planning to Mature: on the Determinants of Open Source Take Off},
	year = {2005},
	month = {July},
	abstract = {In this paper we use data from SourceForge.net, the largest open source projects repository, to estimate the main determinants of the progress in the development of a stable and mature code of a software. We find that the less restrictive the licensing terms the larger the likelihood of reaching an advanced development status and that this effect is even stronger for newer projects. We also find that projects geared towards system administrators appear to be the more successful ones. The determinants of projects{\textquoteright} development stage change with the age of the project in many dimensions, i.e. licensing terms, software audience and contents, thus supporting the common perception of opens source as a very dynamic phenomenon. The data seem to suggest that open source is evolving towards more commercial applications.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Comino_Manenti_Parisi.pdf},
	author = {Stefano Comino}
}
@article {73,
	title = {From research prototypes to industrial strength open source products - The ObjectWeb experience},
	journal = {Sofsem 2005:Theory and Practice of Computer Science},
	volume = {3381},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Times Cited: 0},
	pages = {17-27},
	abstract = {Open source software has become a common way of disseminating research results. In this talk, we first introduce the motivations and implications of releasing research prototypes as open source software (OSS). ObjectWeb is an international consortium fostering the development of open source middleware. We give an overview of tools available for OSS development and management based on ObjectWeb. experiences. The infrastructure required for hosting such developments is also described; We report various, experiences and practices of small and large ObjectWeb projects in their way to reach the quality of industrial strength products. Finally, we summarize the lessons learned from the success and failures of these projects.},
	author = {Cecchet, E.}
}
@article {flosswp226,
	title = {Fun and Software Development},
	year = {2005},
	month = {July},
	abstract = {This study gathered 1330 answers about fun and software development from open source developers as well as 114 answers from programmers working in commercial software projects. The analysis of these data proves that fun plays an important role when software developers decide to get engaged in an open source project. Moreover, the comparison of the answers gives evidence for the hypothesis that programming in an open source project is significantly more fun compared to the same activity under commercial conditions. The reasons for this fact are that open source projects are able to attract software developers with a credible project vision and that they can offer them an optimal challenge.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/BLuthiger_Fun_SoftwareDevel_OSS2005.pdf},
	author = {Benno Luthiger Stoll}
}
@conference {786,
	title = {Future Development in the European Software Industry: Patentability of Computer Programs or Open Source Software?},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {311-313},
	abstract = {Economic literature has treated the patent system as an indispensable tool to incentive inventive activity and to foster diffusion of technological improvements, but recent developments have brought at the center of the stage the Open Source phenomenon which is based on completely different mechanisms among which the free disclosure of the inventive steps. This work analyzes changes that are taking place into patent literature in order to give account of the desirability of patents in software sector. In addition some ideas on empirical analysis are put forward: the possibility of measuring the relationship between patents and input of innovation process in the software sector and the influence that private firms will have on Open Source developers motivations.},
	keywords = {european, market segment, open source, os, patent, patent literature, patentability, software industry, software sector},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2038/966},
	author = {Rentocchini, Francesco}
}
@inbook {flosswp207,
	title = {The Future of Open Source. In: Wynants, M. \& J. Cornelis (eds.) How Open is the Future? VUB Brussels University Press, pp. 429-59.},
	year = {2005},
	month = {April},
	abstract = {Open source has seen phenomenal growth in recent years. In many ways, it has been a great success story. Yet it is interesting to study the conditions that would enable the open-source movement to remain viable and thrive also in the future. This chapter explores the driving forces behind the open source model and its constraints, discussing both the factors likely to promote the continuous growth of the open-source movement and those that could lead to its downfall.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/tuomi3_bookchapter.pdf},
	author = {Ilkka Tuomi}
}
@conference {756,
	title = {The future of software as a business artefact},
	booktitle = {OSS2005: Open Source Systems },
	year = {2005},
	pages = {231-236},
	abstract = {Rather than look to migration guides for business, or to barriers to adoption of Open Source Software, perhaps we should look to understand what it is that organisations need from their software, it is not just the feature set of the application, but a combination and compromise of the business benefits and business risks, some of which are not inherent in the software feature set, but are interrelated to the needs and pre-existing conditions of the organisation. This paper looks to investigate these aspects of Software to an organisation and to then investigate if Open Source Software can fulfil these factors.},
	url = {http://pascal.case.unibz.it/handle/2038/1540},
	author = {Skidmore, Darren}
}
@article {flosswp140,
	title = {Fostering cooperation on the Internet: social exchange processes in innovative virtual consumer communities},
	year = {2004},
	month = {February},
	abstract = {Virtual communities of consumers increasingly engage in voluntary collaborative production of digital goods and services which became highly successful in recent years. This paper offers a theoretical conceptualization and empirical evidence of the key elements and processes of exchange in those communities. Within a culture of gift-giving and generalized social exchange, knowledge as the main resource of the community is multiplied by giving it away freely to others and thus, fosters contribution behavior. Friendship, peer reputation and external feed-back provided by a global user community represent highly motivating social rewards which, combined with individual gain of knowledge, constitute a self-sustaining system of exchange.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/hemetsberger2.pdf},
	author = {Andrea Hemetsberger}
}
@conference {Xinyi04fourinteresting,
	title = {Four Interesting Ways in Which History Can Teach Us About Software},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2004 international workshop on Mining software repositories  - MSR {\textquoteright}04},
	year = {2004},
	month = {05/2004},
	pages = {58-62},
	abstract = {In this position paper, we outline four kinds of studies that we have undertaken in trying to understand various aspects of a software system{\textquoteright}s evolutionary history. In each instance, the studies have involved detailed examination of real software systems based on {\textquotedblleft}facts{\textquotedblright} extracted from various kinds of source artifact repositories, as well as the development of accompanying tools to aid in the extraction, abstraction, and comprehension processes. We briefly discuss the goals, results, and methodology of each approach.},
	keywords = {ant, apache, change analysis, clone, clone detection, cvs, evolution, gcc, growth, kepler, linux, midworld, mycore, postgresql, source code, version control},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/58FourInterestingWays.pdf},
	author = {Michael Godfrey and Xinyi Dong and Cory Kapser and Lijie Zou}
}
@article {134,
	title = {Free and open source development practices in the game community},
	journal = {Software, IEEE},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {59-66},
	abstract = {Findings from empirical studies of free and open source software systems in different communities show that some common processes and practices exist across the board. The studies focused on software development practices, social processes, technical system configurations, organizational contexts, and interrelationships that give rise to free and open source systems, These distinct communities, and the computer game community in particular, provide examples of common practices.},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@conference {1105,
	title = {Free \& Open Source Software Creation and {\textquoteleft}the Economy of Regard{\textquoteright}},
	booktitle = {Third EPIP Workshop},
	year = {2004},
	month = {04/2004},
	keywords = {linux, linux kernel, scm, source code},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/DalleDavidGhosh\%20Wolak.pdf},
	author = {Jean-Michel Dalle and Paul A. David and Rishab Ayer Ghosh and Frank A. Wolak}
}
@proceedings {45,
	title = {Free Software Development: Cooperation and Conflict in a Virtual Organizational Culture},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {IDEA Publishing Group},
	author = {Margret Elliott and Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {907,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software Development Practices in the Computer Game Community},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	month = {January/February},
	pages = {59-67},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi4_0.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@proceedings {1195,
	title = {From Bazaar to Kibbutz: How Freedom Deals with Coherence in the Debian Project},
	year = {2004},
	note = {"I am a member of the Debian project since 2000."},
	pages = {71-75},
	abstract = {The goal of obtaining a coherent distribution of software packages where all programs interact smoothly increases its complexity with the number of applications, the number of architectures involved, and the number of system configurations supported. The Debian project aims at producing a software system with thousands of components running on eleven different hardware architectures, with three different operating
system kernels. This paper describes the project and how the work of hundreds of people that never meet one with another can be coordinated to produce reasonably robust and integrated systems.},
	keywords = {debian},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/monga72-76.pdf},
	author = {Monga, M.}
}
@proceedings {1516,
	title = {Free Software Developers as an Occupational Community: Resolving Conflicts and Fostering Collaboration },
	year = {2003},
	month = {11/2003},
	pages = {10 pp},
	abstract = {In this paper, we present results from the study of a free software development virtual organization, the GNU Enterprise (GNUe) project, and how they develop soft ware in a globally distributed free software development project. In particular, examples of how they mitigate and resolve conflict are presented. Conflict arises over the use of a non-free tool to create GNUe graphic, and over the use of a non-free tool for GNUe documentation. The GNUe developers resolve the conflict using internet relay chat (IRC), threaded email discussions, and community digests. We characterize the GNUe developers as an occupational subculture within the occupational community of free/open source software (F/OSS) developers and show how
the beliefs in free software and freedom of choice, and values in cooperative work and community assist GNUe contributors in mitigating and resolving conflict. In addition, we show how, despite fluctuating boundaries of membership in a virtual organization, daily discussions on the GNUe IRC serve to build and perpetuate the global community of GNUe contributors as well as F/OSS developers in general. },
	url = {http://www.ics.uci.edu/~melliott/papers/Elliott-Scacchi-GROUP03.pdf},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Elliott-Scacchi-GROUP03.pdf},
	author = {Elliott, Margaret and Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {flosswp95,
	title = {Free Software Development: A Case Study of Software Development in a Virtual Organizational Culture},
	year = {2003},
	month = {April},
	abstract = {This study examines how organizational cultural beliefs and values of a free software virtual organization influence software development processes. This study shows how these beliefs and values are manifested in software development methods, artifacts, and tool choice, as well as how dispersed developers cooperate and resolve conflict in a virtual community.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/eliottscacchi.pdf},
	author = {Margret Elliott}
}
@article {flosswp116,
	title = {Free software engineering: A field to explore},
	year = {2003},
	month = {September},
	abstract = {The challenge of free software is not that of a new competitor who, under the same rules, produces software faster, cheaper and of a better quality. Free software differs from "traditional" software in more fundamental aspects, starting with philosophical reasons and motivations, continuing with new economic and market rules and ending up with a different way of producing software. Software Engineering cannot ignore this phenomenon, and the last five years or so has seen ever more research into all these issues. This article takes a look at the most significant studies in this field and the results they are producing, with a view to providing the reader with a vision of the state of the art and the future prospects of what we have come to call free Software Engineering.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/barahonarobles.pdf},
	author = {Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona}
}
@article {flosswp93,
	title = {Free/Open Source Software Development Practices in the Computer Game Community},
	year = {2003},
	month = {April},
	abstract = {This paper provides results from empirical studies that begin to outline some of the processes and practices for how F/OSS systems are developed in different communities. Examples drawn from the world of computer games reveal how processes and practices for the development and propagation of F/OSS technology are intertwined and mutually situated to benefit those motivated to use and contribute to it.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/scacchi4.pdf},
	author = {Walt Scacchi}
}
@article {2003,
	title = {From a Firm-Based to a Community-Based Model of Knowledge Creation: The Case of the Linux Kernel Development},
	journal = {Organization Science},
	volume = {14},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {"we study the Linux development community mainly by analyzing the artifacts that the Linux developers have produced. A key output of knowledge creation activities is the artifacts. The most important artifact, of course, is the Linux operating system source code."
"Along with the source code, a "Credits" text file and a "MAINTAINERS" text file are distributed to the users."
"An equally important artifact is the development activities archived in the Linux-kernel mailing list"..."Using the weekly Linux-kernel email archive for years 1995 to 2000 as a key source of data, we focus on people who have sent at least one email to the Linux-kernel mailing list. "
"In addition, we examine the developers{\textquoteright} demographic distributions, working patterns, and motivations by analyzing the raw data from an on-line survey"},
	pages = {pp. 633-649},
	publisher = {INFORMS},
	abstract = {We propose a new model of knowledge creation in purposeful, loosely coordinated, distributed systems, as an alternative to a firm-based one. Specifically, using the case of the Linux kernel development project, we build a model of community-based, evolutionary knowledge creation to study how thousands of talented volunteers, dispersed across organizational and geographical boundaries, collaborate via the Internet to produce a knowledge-intensive, innovative product of high quality. By comparing and contrasting the Linux model with the traditional/commercial model of software development and firm-based knowledge creation efforts, we show how the proposed model of knowledge creation expands beyond the boundary of the firm. Our model suggests that the product development process can be effectively organized as an evolutionary process of learning driven by criticism and error correction. We conclude by offering some theoretical implications of our community-based model of knowledge creation for the literature of organizational learning, community life, and the uses of knowledge in society.},
	keywords = {credits, developers, email, email archives, knowledge creation, linux kernel, mailing list, maintainers, scm, source code, Survey, Volunteers},
	issn = {10477039},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4135125},
	author = {Lee, Gwendolyn K. and Cole, Robert E.}
}
@article {flosswp121,
	title = {Forms of labour in information systems},
	year = {2002},
	month = {July},
	abstract = {The idea of technology, including information technology, as a human construction is taken as the basis for the themes to be developed. The possibility of constructing an information dynamic, continuous with the dynamic of capitalism, is considered. Differentiations are made between forms of semiotic labour: semantic from syntactic labour and communal from universal labour. Information retrieval systems and the departure from the labour theory of copyright are considered in relation to the forms of labour distinguished. An information dynamic is constructed. The potential and limitations of syntactic labour are considered. The analytic value of the distinctions developed is differentiated from the possible predictive power of the dynamic indicated.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/paper135.html},
	author = {Julian Warner}
}
@unpublished {flosswp81,
	title = {A Framework for Open Source Projects},
	year = {2002},
	month = {November},
	abstract = {The historical roots of Open Source are outlined. A comparison between Open Source projects and classical projects highlights strengths and weaknesses of both, and defines their attributes. Existing Open Source theories are evaluated, and the requirements for a framework for Open Source projects are determined. The framework introduces the notions of actors, roles, areas, processes and tools, and depicts their interrelationships in a matrix. Each aspect of the framework is then further developed to serve both as a conceptual foundation for Open Source and a help for organizing and managing Open Source projects.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/rotfuss.pdf},
	author = {Gregor J Rothfuss}
}
@article {flosswp61,
	title = {A Framework for Understanding GPL copylefting vs. non copylefting licenses},
	year = {2002},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {This article provides a framework to discuss the consequences of licensing choices that are applied to publicly funded libre choices. It disucsses these choices from the angle of general public interest and policy. It concludes that one is led to prefer GPL for any libre software component that is publicly funded and when its is providing functionality as part of the common infrastructure of the information society.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/aigrain2.pdf},
	author = {Philippe Aigrain}
}
@article {46,
	title = {Free/Libre and Open Source Software: Survey and Study},
	year = {2002},
	author = {Rishab Ayer Ghosh and R{\"u}dige Glott and Krieger, B. and Gregorio Robles}
}
@article {flosswp29,
	title = {Free Software/Free Science},
	year = {2001},
	month = {December},
	abstract = {This paper explores the comparison often made between Free Software and scientific research, and the tendency to discuss both endeavors by positing a role for reputation as the currency of value. It discusses a handful of examples from the history and social study of science to explain how scholars have approached similar issues in understanding scientific activity. It also offers some speculations on the relationship between the metaphorical currency of reputation and real money, and that between metaphorical and actual intellectual property.},
	author = {Christoper Kelty}
}
@book {56,
	title = {The future of ideas: the fate of the commons in a connected world},
	year = {2001},
	publisher = {Random House},
	organization = {Random House},
	author = {Lessig, L.}
}
@conference {Feller:2000:FAO:359640.359723,
	title = {A framework analysis of the open source software development paradigm},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the twenty first international conference on Information systems},
	series = {ICIS {\textquoteright}00},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {58{\textendash}69},
	publisher = {Association for Information Systems},
	organization = {Association for Information Systems},
	address = {Atlanta, GA, USA},
	abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) has become the subject of much commercial interest of late. Certainly, OSS seems to hold much promise in addressing the core issues of the software crisis, namely that of software taking too long to develop, exceeding its budget, and not working very well. Indeed, there have been several examples of significant OSS success stories{\textemdash}the Linux operating system, the Apache web server, the BIND domain name resolution utility, to name but a few. However, little by way of rigorous academic research on OSS has been conducted to date. In this study, a framework was derived from two previous frameworks which have been very influential in the IS field, namely that of Zachman{\textquoteright}s IS architecture (ISA) and Checkland{\textquoteright}s CATWOE framework from Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). The resulting framework is used to analyze the OSS approach in detail. The potential future of OSS research is also discussed.},
	url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=359640.359723},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/p58-feller.pdf},
	author = {Feller, Joseph and Fitzgerald, Brian}
}
