@article {Subramaniam:2009:DOS:1480545.1480824,
	title = {Determinants of open source software project success: A longitudinal study},
	journal = {Decis. Support Syst.},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2009},
	month = {January},
	pages = {576{\textendash}585},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.},
	address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands},
	abstract = {In this paper, we investigate open source software (OSS) success using longitudinal data on OSS projects. We find that restrictive OSS licenses have an adverse impact on OSS success. On further analysis, restrictive OSS license is found to be negatively associated with developer interest, but is positively associated with the interest of non-developer users and project administrators. We also show that developer and non-developer interest in the OSS project and the project activity levels in any time period significantly affect the project success measures in subsequent time period. The implications of our findings for OSS research and practice are discussed. },
	keywords = {contributors, developers, licenses, longitudinal study, Open source project, OSS, project success, restrictive, Software project success},
	issn = {0167-9236},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dss.2008.10.005},
	url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1480545.1480824},
	author = {Subramaniam, Chandrasekar and Sen, Ravi and Nelson, Matthew L.}
}
@article {springerlink:10.1007/s10368-007-0086-4,
	title = {Open source software: Motivation and restrictive licensing},
	journal = {International Economics and Economic Policy},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2007},
	note = {"We employ a unique data set consisting of 71 open source projects hosted at the SourceForge web site. The 71 projects in the sample were chosen (in January 2000)"
"This sample was observed over an 18-month period from January 2002 through the middle of 2003, with data collected at 2-month intervals."
"We are grateful to NERA for providing us with the data."
"Although we only have data on a relatively small sample of the projects hosted SourceForge, the sample is unique because of data on lines of code as well as data on different versions of the program. The latter is a potentially important control variable, since a change in version may necessitate additional lines of code.
Our data set contains information on the size of the open source projects in the form of source lines of code (SLOC). Using SLOC as a performance measure is not always ideal; nevertheless, this performance measure is employed in the profession and the literature.15 For our purposes, SLOC is in fact an ideal measure, because we want to measure the effort that is put into the project, rather than whether a project succeeds."
},
	pages = {209-225},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) is an economic paradox. Development of open source software is often done by unpaid volunteers and the source code is typically freely available. Surveys suggest that status, signaling, and intrinsic motivations play an important role in inducing developers to invest effort. Contribution to an OSS project is rewarded by adding one{\textquoteright}s name to the list of contributors which is publicly observable. Such incentives imply that programmers may have little incentive to contribute beyond the threshold level required for being listed as a contributor. Using a unique data set we empirically examine this hypothesis. We find that the output per contributor in open source projects is much higher when licenses are less restrictive and more commercially oriented. These results indeed suggest a status, signaling, or intrinsic motivation for participation in OSS projects with restrictive licenses.},
	keywords = {contributions, contributors, developers, incentives, license analysis, licenses, lines of code, loc, MOTIVATION, restrictive, scm, size, status, version history},
	issn = {1612-4804},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10368-007-0086-4},
	author = {Fershtman, Chaim and Gandal, Neil}
}
@conference {Stewart:2005:PAI:1042438.1043100,
	title = {A Preliminary Analysis of the Influences of Licensing and Organizational Sponsorship on Success in Open Source Projects},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - Volume 07},
	series = {HICSS {\textquoteright}05},
	year = {2005},
	note = {"Publicly available data on open source projects registered on the Freshmeat website (www.freshmeat.net) was used to test the hypotheses. Data was collected from each project{\textquoteright}s Freshmeat website at the start and end of an eight month period (March - December 2002)."
"We first selected three project categories from which to draw our sample. These were utilities, software development, and games."
"Within these categories we further differentiated between new projects, which had been registered on the site within the two weeks prior to our first data collection point and older projects that had been registered more than two weeks prior to our initial data collection."
},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {1-10},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	organization = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Washington, DC, USA},
	abstract = {This paper develops and tests a model of the impact of	licensing restrictiveness	and	organizational sponsorship on the popularity and vitality of open source software (OSS) development projects. Using data gathered from Freshmeat.net and OSS project home pages the main conclusions derived from the analysis are that organizational sponsorship has a positive effect on project popularity by easing user concerns about cost and quality and that license restrictiveness may have a negative effect on popularity by reducing the perceived utility of open source software. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and the paper outlines several avenues for future research.},
	keywords = {contributors, developers, freshmeat, license analysis, licensing, metadata, popularity, restrictive, users},
	isbn = {0-7695-2268-8-7},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2005.38},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2005.38},
	author = {Stewart, Katherine J. and Ammeter, Anthony P. and Maruping, Likoebe M.}
}
@article {flosswp63,
	title = {The Scope of Open Source Licensing},
	journal = {Journal of Law, Economics and Organization},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {20-56},
	abstract = {This paper is an initial exploration of the determinants of open source license choice. It first enumerates the various considerations that should figure into the licensor{\textquoteright}s choice of contractual terms, in particular highlighting how the decision is shaped not just by the preferences of the licensor itself, but also by that of the community of developers. The paper then presents an empirical analysis of the determinants of license choice using the SourceForge database, a compilation of nearly 40,000 open source projects. Projects geared toward end-users tend to have restrictive licenses, while those oriented toward developers are less likely to do so. Projects that are designed to run on commercial operating systems and those geared towards the Internet are less likely to have restrictive licenses. Finally, projects that are likely to be attractive to consumers such as games are more likely to have restrictive licenses.},
	keywords = {developers, license, licenses, permissive, restrictive, sourceforge},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/lernertirole2.pdf},
	author = {Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole}
}
