@article {1134,
	title = {A Fistful of Dollars: Financial Rewards, Payment Norms, and Motivation Crowding in Open Source Software Development},
	year = {2010},
	month = {04/2010},
	institution = {ssrn},
	address = {ssrn},
	abstract = {Existing literature on open source software (OSS) maintains that intrinsic motivation and extrinsic financial rewards have a unidimensionally positive effect on the motivation of individual developers. Based on self-determination theory, which underlies most of these studies, we challenge this assumption. We argue that the effect of payment on both intrinsic motivation and total motivation of OSS developers is far more complex. To illustrate our point, we introduce the concept of individuals{\textquoteright} norms about payment to the field of OSS. In doing so, we are able to show that payment norms moderate the effect of payment on intrinsic motivation and total motivation. Conducting a scenario experiment, we find that intrinsic motivation decreases for individuals with norms against payment. This effect becomes even stronger when analyzing for mediation effects. Total motivation is impacted positively by payment, but the effect turns insignificant for individuals with norms for payment. Our findings help explain the results of previous studies in which OSS developers did not seem to be affected by motivation crowding. They further contribute to the more general debate on how to manage individuals in the absence of formal contracts. From a practical perspective, we show that financial rewards may create a management dilemma for OSS project leaders. },
	keywords = {developers, experiment, financial, MOTIVATION},
	author = {Oliver Alexy and Martin Leitner}
}
@unpublished {flosswp387,
	title = {Promoting the Penguin: Who is Advocating Open Source Software in Commercial Settings?},
	year = {2008},
	month = {March},
	abstract = {Most firms that use or develop software today face the questions of whether and how to engage in open source software (OSS). Yet, little is known about the process of OSS adoption and diffusion within corporations. Guided by the models of Rogers (innovation diffusion) and Davis (Technology Acceptance Model), we develop a theoretical framework of how job function influences individuals? proclivity to support their employers? adoption of OSS and OSS practices. We argue that job function determines an individual?s tasks, and that different tasks are differentially affected by OSS. Our study is based on interviews and a large-scale survey in a multinational corporation. Distinguishing between developers, testers, software architects, project managers, and managers, we find greater engagement in OSS to be favored most strongly by testers. Excepting project managers, developers, despite having the most experience with OSS, are the least favorably disposed to greater corporate OSS engagement. A corporation interested in adopting OSS should thus take into account the job function-related incentives of each individual. More generally, we propose that models predicting IT adoption behavior be extended to account for the ways in which individual adopters interact with the innovation at hand, which will be determined largely by their job functions.},
	author = {Oliver Alexy and Joachim Henkel}
}
@article {flosswp368,
	title = {Norms, Rewards, and their Effect on the Motivation of Open Source Software Developers},
	year = {2007},
	month = {September},
	abstract = {In this study, we conduct a scenario experiment testing the effect of monetary rewards on intrinsic motivation of open source software (OSS) developers. While we observe no difference in intrinsic motivation between the payment and no payment scenario, total motivation increases when a monetary reward is offered. We find that self-reported interest increases in the payment scenario when there is a norm for payment, whereas it decreases when there is a norm for no payment. We conclude that, under certain preconditions, monetary rewards may well be used in OSS development.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Alexy_Leitner_-_Norms_Rewards_and_Their_Effect_on_the_Motivation_of_OSS_Developers.pdf},
	author = {Oliver Alexy and Martin Leitner}
}
@article {flosswp367,
	title = {Promoting the Penguin: Who is Advocating Open Source Software in Commercial Settings?},
	year = {2007},
	month = {August},
	abstract = {Most firms that use or develop software today face the questions of whether and how to engage in open source software. Yet, little is known about the process of OSS adoption and diffusion within corporations. Guided by the theoretical frameworks of Rogers (innovation diffusion) and Davis (Technology Acceptance Model), we develop a model of how job function influences individuals??? proclivity to support their employers??? adoption of OSS and OSS practices. We argue that job function determines which tasks in the software development process are part of an individual???s daily routine, and that different tasks are differentially affected by OSS. Our study is based on interviews with 25 individuals and a large-scale survey distributed to 249 participants in the telecommunications department of a multinational company. The results, although consistent with theoretical considerations, are nevertheless surprising. Distinguishing between developers, software testers, software architects, project managers, and managers, we find greater involvement in OSS activities to be favored most strongly by software testers, followed by software architects and managers. Excepting project managers, developers, despite having the most experience with OSS, are the least favorably disposed to greater corporate engagement in OSS. A corporation interested in adopting OSS and open innovation processes should thus take into account the job function-related incentives of each individual as well as various organizational factors. More generally, we propose that models developed to predict IT adoption behavior be extended to account for the ways in which individual adopters interact with the innovation at hand, which we maintain will be determined largely by their job functions.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Alexy_Henkel_-_Promoting_the_Penguin.pdf},
	author = {Oliver Alexy and Joachim Henkel}
}
@article {flosswp369,
	title = {Putting a Value on Openness: The Effect of Product Source Code Releases on the Market Value of Firms},
	year = {2007},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {This study examines the effect of releasing the source code of commercial software products as open source software on the market value of firms. Using a sample of 30 software companies in the time span from 1 January 1999 to 30 April 2007, I find that market valuation is influenced by investor sentiment???abnormal returns take a curvilinear shape over time???and the business model firms choose for their OSS efforts???non-existence of an explicit revenue model is punished by the capital market. From my findings, I deduce several implications for IT-related event studies and research on open innovation processes.},
	attachments = {https://flosshub.org/sites/flosshub.org/files/Alexy_-_Putting_a_Value_on_Openness.pdf},
	author = {Oliver Alexy and Joachim Henkel}
}
